1、How to use the word “be”,BE动词的用法,BE动词的表现形式,Am is are we are students.Was were he was a writer.Been I have been here for 2 days.BeingHe is being interviewed now.,1 、判断句 I am a teacher. My name is Tom. This is a book.2、 S+BE+A. 后加形容词当表语 Its beautiful, the tower is wonderful3 、S+BE+VED. 用在被动语态之中 He was
2、 killed, and his body was found 3 days later.4 、S+BE+VING. 用在进行时态之中 We were talking about the troubles. He is writing.5 、S+BE GOING TO V. 用在将来时态之中 We are going to leave.,6 、S+BE ABOUT TO V. 将来时态之中 I am about to figure it out.7 It is/was that强调句型 It was last Sunday that I met his boss. It wa his boss
3、 who told me the news. It is Mr. Song who is teaching us English.8 There be 存现句 There is a book on the desk. I have a book,专项练习,1. I _from Australia.2. She _ a student.3. Jane and Tom _my friends.4. My parents _very busy every day. 5. I _ at school. 6. He _ at school. 7. We _ students. 8. They _ fro
4、m China. 9. Yang Ling _ eleven years old. 10. Where _ your friends?,专项练习,1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3. Tom is under the tree.（变为否定句）3.The mouses teeth are sharp.（变一般疑问句并作肯定回答）4.The skateboards are black.(改成否定句)5.Its branch
5、es are long.(意思不变，改否定句),英语中的非谓语动词,非谓语动词的三种形态及意义1 To do 表示目的 I come here to tell you the news.2 V+ING 表示进行中的状态 He came into the classroom singing a merry song.3 V+ED 表示完成的状态或被动的状态 Punished at school, crying heavily the little boy ran to his father after school carrying a bag.Having had breakfast, in
6、order to learn more knowledge I went to classroom to have an English class carrying my English book.,1一般式：,不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.Im nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。The patient asked to be o
7、perated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。,进行式,不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。,完成式,不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。He is please
8、d to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。,不定式的句法功能：,1. 作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。It means failure to los
9、e your heart. 灰心意味着失败。,2作表语：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。3作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, preferMarx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要
10、的。I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。,4作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allo
11、w,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。,5作定语：动词不定式作定
12、语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗？Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗？说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get he
13、re. 他第一个来到这儿。,6作状语：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money,every means has been tried.right：To save money,he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。wrong：To learn English well,a dictionary is needed.
14、right：To learn English well,he needs a dictionary. 7作目的状语： 既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾To tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的方式。8不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。If you dont want to do it,you dont need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。9不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生
15、。,动名词,1一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。2被动式：He came to the party without being invited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。4完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。6复合
16、结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。,专项练习,1 Ive heard him about you often.A spoke B speaks C speak D. spoken,2 Im hungry. Get me something _.A eat B to eat C eating D for eating,3 There isnt any difference betw
17、een the two. I really dont know_.A where to choose B which to chooseC to choose what D to choose which,4 The teacher told them _ make so much noise.A dont B not C will not D not to,5 I saw him _ out of the room.A go B had gone C has gone D goes,6 Im going to have my radio _.A fixed B to fix C fix D
18、fixing,7 The workers want us _ together with them.A work B working C to work D worked,8 The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle.A have killed B to kill C to be killed D being killed,9 _ the letter, he went out to post it.A Writing B Being writing C Having written D Written,10 If you wave y
19、our book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face.A moved B moving C moves D to move,11 Dont you remember _?A seeing the man before B to see the man beforeC saw the man before D to have seen the man before,12 People couldnt help _the foolish emperor in the procession.A laugh a
20、t B to laugh at C laughing at D laughing on,13 Whats the language _ in Germany?A speaking B spoke C spoken D to speak,14 Were looking forward _ the photo exhibition.A to visiting B to visit C to having visited D visiting,15 Our headmaster often told us _ things for granted.A not to have B not to tak
21、e C didnt take D not to make,16 The girl _ under that tree is my sister.A sitting B sits C is sitting D sat,17 _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed by,18 Do you remember _ me at a party last year?A meet B to meet C meeting D m
22、et,19 This sentence needs _.A an improvement B improve C improving D improved,20 -What are you going to do this morning? -Im thinking of _ to visit my aunt.A go B going C having gone D my going,21 _ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A Not known B Known not C Knowing not D Not kno
23、wing,22 -Have you decided when _? -Yes, tomorrow morning.A to leave B to be leave C will you leave D are you leaving,23 I really enjoy _ that kind of job.A do B doing C to do D to be doing,24 -There is a hole in your bag. -I know I am going to have it _.A mend B mending C mended D to be mended,25 Th
24、e next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead.A lying B lie C lay D laying,26 Tell him _ the window.A to shut not B not to shutC to not shut D not shut,27 Only one of these books is _.A worth to read B worth being read C worth of reading D worth reading,28 He had his leg _ in the match yesterday.A
25、 to break B broken C break D breaking,29 I cant imagine _ that with them.A do B to do C being done D doing,30 Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A invited B to invite C being invited D inviting,31 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A catching B to be caught C being ca
26、ught D to caught,32 Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A cry; to cry B crying; cryingC cry; cry D to cry; cry,33 They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A to risk going B risking to goC for risk to go D risk going,34 She didnt remember _ h
27、im before.A having met B have met C to meet D to having met,35 They knew her very well. They had seen her _up from childhood.A grow B grew C was growing D to grow,36 Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A lay B lain C laying D lying,37 Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
28、A to do B doing C with D to be doing,38 There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A followed B following C to be followed D being followed,39 -What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. It is worth _ a second time.A to read B to be read C reading D being read,40 She pretended _me when
29、 I pass by.A not to see B not seeing C to not see D having not seen,41 -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have this package _, madam.A be weighed B to be weighedC to weigh D weighed,42 _ your coat at once. We must hurry.A wear B wearing C put on D putting on,43 Most of the artists _ to the p
30、arty were from South Africa.A invited B to invite C being invited D had been invited,44 _ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A given B to give C giving D having given,45 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A to have rested B resting C to
31、 rest D rest,46 Last summer I took a course on _.A how to make dresses B how dresses be madeC how to be made dresses D how dresses to be made,47 The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A being tied B having tied C to be tied D tied,48 The secretary worked late into the night, _
32、 a long speech for the president.A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was preparing,49 I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A sail B to sail C sailing D to have sailed,50 -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _.A turning it off B turn it offC to turn it
33、 off D having turned it off,51 John was made _the truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing,52 Little Jim should love_ to the teacher this evening.A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking,53 -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change?A to tr
34、y going B trying to go C to try and go D try going,54 I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A you to call B you call C your calling D youre calling,55 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can not make up my mind _ to buy.A what B which C how D where,56 _ a reply, he decided to
35、 write again.A not receiving B receiving notC not having D having not received,57 “Cant you read? ” Mary said _ to the notice.A angrily pointing B and point angrilyC angrily pointed D and angrily pointing,58 How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A to taken B take C taking D to be taking,5
36、9 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A having opened B open C opening D opened,60 Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented,61 Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always pre
37、fers _ a bicycle.A ride; ride B riding; ride C ride; to ride D to ride; riding,62 - I must apologize for _ ahead of time. - That is all right.A letting you not know B not letting you knowC letting you know not D letting not you know,63 The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A playing B to
38、 be playing C play D to play,64 The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he enjoyed his stay here.A having added B to add C adding D added,65 The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A having written B to be written
39、C being written D written,66 Paul doesnt have to be made_. He always works hard.A learn B to learn C learned D learning,67 The patient was warned _ only food after the operation.A to eat not B eating notC not to eat D not eating,68 _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A Losing B Having lost C Lost D To lost,
