1、非谓语动词专项复习非谓语动词 顾名思义就是不能单独充当谓语的动词形式。它包括：动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式。 一、动词-ing形式线索：动词v-ing形式: 1.动词特征 2. 名词特征3.形容词特征 4. 副词特征 1.动词特征： 1) 可以有宾语或状语, -ing加宾语或状语构成 -ing短语：I have finished repairing that machine.They have started working in the apple-orchard.,2) 有时态和语态的变化:,ing 的时态：a）一般式：doing 表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词
2、所表示动作之后发生。例如:Recognizing an old friend of his in the street, he went over to say hello to him.We look forward to his coming tomorrow.,b)完成式: having done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，常常作时间或原因状语,偶尔作让步状语,也可作宾语。 Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. Not having done it right, I tried i
3、t again. Having said that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. I regret having scolded him in public. ing 的被动语态：一般式 being done完成式having been done_(invite) to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow He dislikes _(interrupt) in his experiment. .,注意：v-ing用主动语态还是被动语态，取决于它的逻辑主
4、语是-ing动作的执行者还是承受者。 2. 名词特征： 1) 做主语：Reading aloud _(be) very important in learning English.It is no use _（tell）him that. 2) 作宾语：Please stop talking. (动词宾语) Instead of going to Zhongshan Park, they went to the Zoo.(介词宾语)We thought it no use doing that. 下列动词或短语后只能用-ing作宾语： 1). suggest, advise, enjoy, a
5、ppreciate(感激), keep, mind, imagine, fancy(想象), miss, escape,avoid(避免), excuse, forgive, pardon(原谅), consider, delay, finish, report, admit, deny, practise, prevent, understand, risk, postpone等。 2) give up, put off(推迟), devote to, look forward to, lead to, pay attention to, get down to, object to, op
6、pose to, be opposed to(反对), be used to, be worth, cannot help(禁不住), keep on, insist on, succeed in, feel like, be busy, set about, have difficulty/trouble (in), spend money/time (in), waste time in doing sth. , fail in 等。 3)作表语: His hobby is collecting stamps. 4)作定语(可转换成 for短语):Our teacher uses a ve
7、ry good teaching method.,(a very good teaching method = a very good method for teaching) 3. 形容词特征：1) 作定语：作定语用的-ing如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面。如果是-ing 短语，则放在名词的后面，可转换成定语从句。-ing短语作定语时，要注意-ing所表示动作发生的时间。大体上，有下面两种情况： -ing表示正在进行的动作（变为从句时用进行时态）：Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.Tell the children play
8、ing there not to make so much noise.Did you see the man talking to the dean?, -ing 表示经常性动作或现在或当时的状态（变为从句时用一般时态）： The factory making colour TV sets was built in 1980. They lived in a room facing to the south. The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1918. 2) 作表语(表示主语所具有的特征)The Beij
9、ing opera is very moving and instructiveThe food smells inviting.这个菜香味怡人。,3) 作宾语补足语：-ing 结构作宾语补足语可用于以下两类带宾语的动词： see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel, smell等表示感觉状态的动词，后接宾语+宾补(doing /do / done), doing表示 主动正在进行的动作；do表示的动作已发生，指事物的全过程， 转换成被动态时要还原to; done表示一个被动、完成的动作. 试比较： A: Do you
10、 hear someone _(knock) at he door?有人敲门你听见了吗？ B: Yes, I did. I heard him _(knock) three times.是的，我听见他敲了三下。,I saw him coming in.我看见他走进来。(说明他进来时的情景) I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。(说明进来了这件事) I saw him _(knock) down by a car yesterday. The boss made him do it . He was made to do it. have, get, keep, leave,
11、find, catch等动词。 (详见中学英语中重要的复合结构.) 4. 副词特征：-ing 可用作状语， 表示时间、原因、方式、伴随情况、结果、条件、让步等意 义。,a)表示时间：_(hear) the sad news, we were very much grieved(伤心). 这种-ing结构所表示的动作, 如果与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的, 前面也能放上 when, while等连词。例如：When going home, she met Jane. While waiting for the train, I had a long chat with Jim. b) 表示原因
12、:_(know) English well, he translated the novel without much difficulty. c) 表示方式、伴随情况：,He came running back to tell us the news.He sat at the window reading.She stood there, waiting for him in the rain. d) 表示结果: Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.Her husband died, _(leave)
13、her three children. e) 表示条件：Working hard, you will succeed.Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site. f) 表示让步：Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.,Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the words given: 1. We must keep a secret of the thin
14、gs _(discuss) here. 2. A letter _(post) today will probably reached him the day after tomorrow. 3. You are invited to a party _(give) at our institute at 7:30 p.m. Dec.2. 4. I smell something _ (burn) the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 5. Come on, please give me some ideas about the proje
15、ct.Sorry. With so much work_(fill) my heart, I almost break down.,6. With so much _(do), the newly-elected president will have to prepare for everything. 7. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ (launch) at the end of last March. 8. A cook will be immediately f
16、ired if he is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen. 9. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _(call) him. 10. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _(walk) home in the snowstorm. 11. The manager, _(make) it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room.,12. The st
17、orm left, _(cause) a lot of damage to this area. 13. Peter received a letter just now _(say)his grandma would come to see him soon. 14. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here 14. The old man, _(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 15. _(not complete) the
18、programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 16. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes.,17. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ (look) out of the window. 18. Alice returned from the manag
19、ers office, _(tell) me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 19. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _(let) in the natural light during the day. 20. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record of US $57.65 a barrel on Apri
20、l 4. 21. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _(run) away.,22. Jack and Bob are automechanics _ (earn) the same pay, but Jack has more ambition. 23. He glanced over at her, _ (note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.,5. ing 的否定式：在-ing前加not构成。_(not know) how to do it, he aske
21、d me for help._(not receive) an answer, I wrote again. 6. ing 复合结构的构成：物主代词或名词所有格+ -ing。代词宾格或名词普通格+ -ing。 注: a. 本结构可作主语、宾语和表语。b. 物主代词或名词所有格/代词宾格或名词普通格是-ing的逻辑主语。,c. 在句首作主语时，用 d. 逻辑主语为物体时，用 e. 其它情况下,和 可换用。例如: Please excuse my/me interrupting you. I remember Wei Fangs / Wei Fang going there. Their comi
22、ng to help was a great encouragement to us. Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street. Do you mind my/me closing the window? Do you mind closing the window?,7. 注意以下词或短语的用法： 1）remember, forget, regret后接doing/having done时, -ing动作发生在
23、remember等之前，两种形式没区别； 后接to do时，to do表示的动作发生在remember等之后。例如：I regret(遗憾) to tell you that you have failed in the exam. (regret后接to do时, 通常是to say/tell/inform等。I regret(后悔) telling / having told him the bad news. 2) advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit +doing sth.advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit sb.+to do sth.,3
24、) try doing sth 试一试做某事，看看会发生什么情况。Try putting in some more vinegar - that might make it taste a bit better.try to do sth 指作一番努力，试图或努力做某种困难的事 / 设法做某事。Please try to understand. I once tried to learn Japanese. 4) stop doing sth停止做某事(doing作宾语)stop to do sth 停下来做另外一件事(to do作目的状语),5) mean doing sth意思是/意味着
25、/mean to do sth打算做某事 6) go on doing sth 继续做某事/ go on to do sth接着做另外一件事 7) 物/人+ need/ want/ require(需要) + doing / to be done (doing主动表被动, doing和to be done可互换, need/ want/ require可互换)You need examining/ to be examined.My watch wants repairing/ to be repaired. 8) cannot help doing sth 禁不住做某事cannot help
26、 to do sth 不能帮助做某事 9) being done(正在进行被动)/ to be done(将来被动)/ done(完成被动),We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. A letter posted today will probably reached him the day after tomorrow. You are invited to a party to be given at our institute at 7:30 p.m. Dec.2. 10) like/ love/ prefer/
27、 hate后接doing 表示一般的、抽象的动作 ；后接 to do 表 示具体的或 将来的动作。例如：“Do you like swimming?” - “Yes, but I prefer sailing.“Can I give you a lift?” - “No, thanks, Id prefer to walk.,11) begin/ start/ continue后接 doing和to do没多大区别。但是，在begin/start的进行时态之后， 只接to do;在begin/start之后，动词understand/realize/know只用动词不定式。I was begi
28、nning to get angry.(不能说： getting)She began to understand what he really wanted. (不能说：understanding ) 12)表示为做了某事而道歉。三者可互换be sorry for doing/having donebe sorry to have donebe sorry that-clause be sorry to do 为正在做或将来做的事表示意。,Im sorry for waking you up/having woken you up yesterday. = Sorry to have wake
29、n you up yesterday. = Im sorry that I woke you up yesterday. Sorry to disturb you - Could you spare me a few minutes? 8. ing 结构的分句作用 1）相当于宾语从句：I remember posting it. (= I remember that I posted it.),2) 相当于定语从句：There were a lot of boys playing football on the playground.(= There were a lot of boys wh
30、o were playing on the playground.)We shall arrive too late to catch the train leaving at eight.(= We shall arrive too late to catch the train which leaves / will leave at eight.),3) 相当于状语从句: While waiting at the dentists, I read the whole of a short story. (=While I was waiting ) Before being in the
31、 army, he was an engineer. (= Before he was in the army, )_(finish) my work, I went to bed. (= After I had finished my work, )Working hard, you will succeed. (= If you work hard, ),Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.(= As we were so poor )Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him.(=Though the stone weighed almost one hundred jin, ),
