1、快速阅读,目的：考查在实际语言环境中查询有效信息的能力,方法：1、阅读小标题以预测文章内容2、标注题目中的信号词3、标出细节4、比较题目，仔细阅读,解题思路与方法,Y=agrees with; N=contradicts; NG=not givenYes1、同义表达2、原意转化3、根据原文概括或归纳而成,No1、题目与原文直接相反2、原文是多个条件并列，题目只是其中一个条件（出现must or only)3、原文为人们对某种事物的理论感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明4、原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、程度的词,Not Given 1、题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及2、题目中的范围小
2、于原文的范围，即更具体3、题目中有比较级，而原文中没有比较,填空题根据阅读的理解，填写三个到四个单词（基本上是原文中出现过的词，但有时要根据题目作形式上的相应改变）,阅读技巧,1、阅读题目已预测文章内容 预测是指在阅读正文前，对文章进行预测性的主动思维。应该先看题目，后看文章，同时根据题目设想一下文章可能涉及的内容，以及所使用的词汇量的类型与范围，乃至题目涉及到的关键性词汇。 大写字母、时间、数字等，都是查询信息过程中的重要提示。,2、注意首尾句的出现 文章包括几个以上的自然段，应特别注意第一、第二段和最后一段，旨在抓住主旨大意。应注意了解文章的主题句和结论句。,3、运用寻读（scanning
3、),目的在于带着目标去找出文章中某些特定的信息，即根据题目中的关键词汇，快速扫视文章，确定所查询的信息范围。如问题或填空的句子中涉及到的人名、地名，日期，数字，某个事件、某种观点等，总之，寻找与此相关的关键词。,4、注意文章中的逻辑关系 逻辑关系散布于文章的句子内部，句与句之间、段落之间。最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种：A、因果关系：as a result, therefore, hence, consequently, because, for, due to等等B、并列、递进关系：and, or, then, in addition, besides, in other words, more
4、over, furthermore等等C、转折关系：however， but, yet, in fact 等等,5、略读和寻读巧妙搭配 略读（skimming）旨在快速了解文章的中心思想。其方法是看标题、第一、二段，抓住中心思想，再浏览其他段落的首句和末尾句，最后读完结尾段。,听力理解,一、短对话 一般来讲，短对话的大部分问题是针对第二个讲话者的内容进行提问，因此选项大都与第二个讲话者的内容有关。所以，应特别注意第二个讲话者的谈话内容，尽量记住其细节，经过一定的逻辑判断和推理，得出正确答案。要做到：,1、提前阅读选项，预测提问方式和内容,2、善于推测言外之意,3、注意记笔记,4、保持冷静,二、
5、长对话特点：1、围绕某一中心议题展开 2、场景清晰，清楚表现人物身份、问题、时间、地点等综合概念以及事件的发展脉络,技巧：1、提前阅读选项，预测提问方式和内容 2、注意重复的词语 3、注意各选项中的不同点 4、边听边记,三、短文,提问特点：1、中心思想题 2、事实细节题 3、是非判断题 （which of the following is not true / not mentioned?) 4、推理推测题 (what can be inferred? What does the speaker think about the problem? How does the speaker fee
6、l about ? What is the speaker concerned about?),技巧：1、快速预读，推测范围 2、边听边记，手脑并用 3、寻找规律，理性答题,四、复合式听写,特点：1、单词容易听懂，但容易写错 2、同音、近音词 3、难词(incurring another debt) 4、句子听写长度在30词左右,技巧：1、排除同音异议词的干扰（threw,through; site,sight；dying,dyeing; whether, weather) 2、名词的单复数 3、动词的时态 4、大小写,Tips for writing:,开头：1 名人名言As everyon
7、e knows, As is known to all, No one can deny thatAs the proverb goes: It goes without saying that ,2数字统计 According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. Recent statistics show that 78% of those surveyed favor the five-day work w
8、eek. In their eyes, . A recent study carried out by Beijing University indicates that 60% of the population use the Internet to get and exchange information.,3套话with the development of economy, / As economy developsWith the opening-up and reform policies, our living standards have greatly improved.W
9、ith the widespread use of the Internet, people have more access to information.,结尾,1. 总结to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find thatExample: Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politene
10、ss， respect for others.,2 建议Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.So I suggest that our government should call on the people to / raise the public awareness of the problem and In my opinion, we should put more emphasis
11、on the issue and take immediate actions now. Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.,论述,1. in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 2. to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 3. to start with, next, in addition, finally 4. first and fo
12、remost, besides, last but not least 5. most important of all, moreover, finally 6. on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another （适用于两点的情况）,转折,短语：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstandinge.g. The car was quite old, yet it was in exc
13、ellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.,因果,短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so thate.g. She was offended and accordingly refused to attend the meeting. The government invested little money in protecting the environment and consequently
14、the soil became barren.,递进,短语：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover, in addition, not only but also, as well as e.g. You have to make full preparations for the test. In addition, you have to take into account such factors as the time spent on each item.,比较 和对比,比较：in comparison, likewise, similarl
15、y, in the same mannere.g. In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish. Similarly, the political and economic background of the issue is inadequately dealt with.,对比：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with ,e.g.
16、 Running can strengthen your heart and muscles, but conversely it can also damage your knee joints. Some people like exercises whereas others hate such activities.,恰当运用从句,This is what everybody thinks.Whatever you do, you must do it well. The first issue Id like to emphasize is that we should be bal
17、anced in our views about it. The reason why children easily get addicted to the computer games is that they lack the ability to control themselves.,恰当运用排比句,Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.,换言之,In other words, That is to say, In simpler words, To put it more simply, To put it in another way e.g. I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.,
