1、The Use of Preposition in Academic Title,Contents,一、介词的作用,介词是一种结构词，不能单独担任句子成分。表示它后面的宾语同句中其他词语之间的关系。介词与其宾语构成介词短语可以充当多种句子成分。,二、介词的分类,简单介词：at, in, from, on复合介词：upon, inside, outside双重介词：from behind, from among短语介词：in case of, according to,通常介词可分为四类：,二、介词的分类,表示时间的：in, on , at , over , through (out), for
2、, since for, during表示地点的：above, over, on, at, in, off, to, between, among, in front of, behind, pass, round表示原因的：for，due to，from，out of，through表示目的的：for，to表示“关于”的：about，on，of表示原料的：of，with，from，in表示价格的：at，for其他：in spite of, despite，Except for，apart from,或按含义分类：,三、题目中介词,作为文章的门面，英文标题要简明扼要，即用最少的字完整表达出文章
3、的内容。英语介词虽为虚词却能广泛联系词语，非常善于在词与词的关系 中表述主导和从属关系，并将其联合起来，构成一个有机整体，表达特定的内涵。此外，介词短语还可以代替从句、分词 短语，使语言简而不失明了，文字灵活而富于变化。因此，在英语标题中使用介词是最常用的构型手段，标题的简化很大程度上依赖介词的使用。,in，on，of，by，for，to，from，with等介词的使用占了所有介词的92%,1、In 的用法,在(某范围或某空间)内,在(一段时间)内, 在的时候, (表时间)在之后, 由它所构成的短语, 通常作时间或地点状语。,例：Light goes three quarters of the
4、 way from the earth to the moon in one second. 光一秒钟可以通过地球月球距离的四分之三。,可看出介词in分别用来表示范围和时间, 在句中做状语, 翻译时应按照汉语的语序, 将其提前。,1、In 的用法,在科技文章中还含有含动态或动作之意， 表方式、手段、状态。,例：Heat sets these particles in random motion. 热量使这些粒子作随机运动。,1、In 的用法,In的固定搭配的使用,例：Progress of microbial enzymes for metabolism of environmental re
5、fractory organic compounds,“Progress in”为固定搭配，表示“在方面取得进展” 的意思,改为：Progress in microbial enzymes for metabolism of environmental refractory organic compounds,1、In 的用法,In在标题中的两种译法：, 介词不译, 把介词的宾语(中心词+后置定语)译成汉语的偏正结构,例：Toward Commercialization in Natural GasVehicles 天然气车辆的商业化, 把介词译出, 通常可译为关于什么、试论什么、谈谈什么等,
6、 从 而把整个标题译作汉语的动宾结构或介词短语结构,2、On 的用法,“根据、靠、关于、在之上”，常用在特定的组合或固定的搭配中，或用于题首表示“关于方面”。,例：Effect of biological pretreatment with Trametes vesicolor for the enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood and hardwood,“for”改为“on”其中的“effect”与介词“on” 搭配表示“ 对 的影响”,改为：Effect of biological pretreatment with Trametes vesicolor on
7、 the enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood and hardwood,3、With 的用法,在标题中常用来表示方法和工具,例： The mechanistic investigation of the anti-oxidative activity on the simultaneous use of ALPHA- and GAMMA- tocopherols with HPLC Effective and prompt data acquisition and data analysis with QSTAR Elite System and optional
8、 software Separation of PSP toxins by reverse phase HPLC, with postcolumn reaction and ffuorimetric detection Determination of inorganic trace anions by ion chromatography with silica gel dynamically modified with quaternary ammonium ion,3、With 的用法,表示特征和属性,Simultaneous Determination by High-Performa
9、nce Liquid Chromatography of Nitrite and Nitrate in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum from Patients with Neurological Disorders.A nonpeptidic agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors with efficacy in diabetic db/db mice,3、With 的用法,表示事物与事物之间的联系或相互关系,Multiple hyphenation of liquid chromatography with
10、nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,mass spectrometry and beyondObservation of the Interactions of Carbohydrates with Proteins in Serum by Capillary Electrophoresis.Cardiac vagal tone is correlated with selective attention to neutral distractors under loadChiral separation of several amino acid
11、 derivatives with selectively modified cyclodextrin derivatives,4、To 的用法,表示对象、接受者、接触,Application of the Continuous Porous Silica to Capillary Electrochromatography.Modulation of sialyl Lewis X dependent binding to E-Selectin by glycoforms of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein expressed in rheumatoid arthriti
12、sIsomerization of aspartyl residue in model peptides corresponding to amino acid residues 146-157 of human ALPHA.A-Crystallin,4、To 的用法,表示目的,Approach to Improved Analytical Methods for Bromate in Drinking WaterLigand binding to a human serum albumin stationary phase: use of same-drug competition to d
13、iscriminate pharmacologically relevant interactionsBiopartitioning micellar chromatography to predict skin permeabilityA highly sensitive method to quantify triazolam and its metabolites with liquid chromatographymass spectrometry,4、To 的用法,表示程度、范围,From Molecular Anatomy to Proteomics,5、From 的用法,表示来源
14、,High-efficiency Protein Extraction from Polyacrylamide Gels for Measurement of Molecular Weight by Mass SpectrometryHigh-Performance Separation and Detection Functions Emerged from Combination of Thiacalixarenes with Flow Separation MediaLiquid chromatographic resolution of gemifloxacin mesylate on
15、 a chiral stationary phase derived from crown ether,5、From 的用法,表示幅度、范围,From Molecular Anatomy to Proteomics,From 与 distinguish， differ 等词语搭配表示”区别”,Cats differ from other species in their cytokine and antioxidant enzyme response when developing obesity,6、For 和 Of 的用法,表示作用、影响、重要性等的标题结构中，常用effect, infl
16、uence, importance, significance, role等名词作主干，搭配of表示所属关系,Effect of rhein on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats 大黄酸对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的影响 Influence of fluid resuscitation on pancreatic microthrombosis in severe acute pancreatitis 液体复苏对重症急性胰腺炎胰组织微血栓形成的影响Expression and Clinical Siginificance of Bmi-1 Protein
17、in Bladder Cancer 膀胱癌组织中Bmi-1蛋白的表达及其临床含义 Role of Ultrasonagraphy in the Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 超声对甲状腺髓样癌的诊断价值,6、For 和 Of 的用法,表示诊断，治疗方式或药物治疗的标题结构中，常以diagnose，treatment，therapy等名词作主干，搭配of或for引导介词短语。表示疾病的诊治，或接受诊治的部位及使用的药物,Prenatal Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Dandy-Walker Sydrome Dan
18、dy-Walker 综合征的产前超声诊断 Treatment of 164 cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm 164例胸部主动脉瘤治疗Non-hormonal Therapies for Hot Flashes in Menopause OKT3 for recipients with steroid-resistant acute rejection after liver transplantation OKT3治疗肝移植术后激素冲击无效的急性排斥反应,6、For 和 Of 的用法,表示技术、使用、特点、结果、方法、模式、证据、测定、介绍等的标题结构中，常
19、用technique, use, application, properties, characterisitics, outcome等词搭配of或for引导的介词短语表示方面，范围，类型等,Preparation and Characteristics of Chitosan Nonaparticles for Tissue Facter siRNA Delivery. 组织因子小干扰RNA壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其特征Clinical features and prognosis analysis of 59 cases breast cancer 乳腺癌59例临床病例特征与预后分析,6、Fo
20、r 和 Of 的用法,在表示研究、分析、实验、调查、观察、评估等标题的结构中，常以study, analysis, trial, appraisal, assessment, survey, test等名词搭配of等引导的介词短语表示对某物的论述或讨论,Analysis of cancer stem cells in breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADM 乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7/AND中肿瘤干细胞的研究Comparative Study of X-ray Film，2D-CT and 2D-CT Image in the Diagnosis of the Maxi
21、llofacial Fractures 常规X线平片、二维和三维CT检查诊断颔面部骨折的对比研究,6、For 和 Of 的用法,在表示关系，相关，比较，对照等的标题结构中，常以contrast，correlation, association, comparison, relationship等名词作主干，搭配of and, of with 等引导的介词短语表示范围，比较对象等,Correlation of interleukin-8 mRNA with recurrent spontaneous abortion 白细胞介素-8mRNA与反复自然流产的相关性 Comparison of hi
22、stological features between infant and adult anal glands 新生儿和成人肛腺组织学特征的对比 Relationship of Clinical Types of Acute Appendicitis and Ultrasonographic Features 急性阑尾炎病理分型与超声图像特征的对比分析,7、By 的用法,表示借用，运用（某种方式或工具）等含义,Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion by Less-invasive Paramedia Approach旁正中切口微创经椎间孔椎体融合手术Internal fixation of odontoid fractures by compressive cannulated screw中空加压螺钉内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折Transformation of plant cells by bombardment with microprojections基因枪法转移植物细胞,常见的介词固定搭配错误,
