1、abide V+ byaccept or obey something 遵从；遵守：We have to abide by the rules.过去式：abidedsb cant abide sb/sthcannot tolerate a person or idea 不能容忍：I cant abide the thought of living so near to his family.旧时含义：to live with 居住过去式：abodeabode Na dwelling, and is used in the legal phrase for someone who is home
2、less 住所：A person of no fixed abode.常用于正式语境下，有时为幽默表达：My humble abode 寒舍更为中性的替代词有：residence, house, addressability Nthe skill and human power to do something 能力；本领；技能：He is a negotiator of immense ability.capacity N1. the ability to produce something, or to have a talent for doing something when refer
3、ring to skill 能力；才能区别在于ability指后天所学的，而capacity指先天具有的：His ability as a negotiator was helped by his capacity for remembering faces.2. the maximum amount that can be produced by a machine 产量；生产力：This photocopier has the capacity to print fifty pages a minute.abnormal ADJsomething that differs from wha
4、t is considered normal 不正常的；反常的：Many consider that global warming has resulted in abnormal weather conditions.subnormal ADJsomething below what is considered normal 比正常少的；低于正常的：Many winters had subnormal temperatures.abolish Vto end or destroy customs, practices and institutions completely 废除；取消：Sla
5、very was abolished by law in the 19th century.extinguish Vto put out a fire 熄灭：Three weeks of heavy rain extinguished the forest fires.the figurative meaning of to destroy “破灭”的形象说法：When the talks broke down, all hope of peace was extinguished.形容词-extinct名词-extinctionRefer specifically to an animal
6、or plant which no longer exists 特指动物或植物的灭绝abstractN a summary of a report or paper usually in about 250 words 摘要（通常在250字以内）ADJ existing in thought or just as an idea 抽象的，理论上的：Enough abstract thought: give me one concrete example.a direction in art and artistic expression 抽象派的V to take away, or remov
7、e a part from a larger entity 抽取，提取，使分离：The hydropower scheme meant abstracting millions of litres of water from the river.作名词与形容词时，重读第一个音节；作动词时，重读第二个音节abstractedly ADVdeep in thought and not paying attention to what is going on 心不在焉地，出神地：He walked right past me, gazing abstractedly at the sky.abuse
8、 N,Vpoor treatment or violent and improper use of something 虐待；滥用；妄用：He was imprisoned after being found guilty of repeated child abuse.alcohol abuse 过度饮酒作名词时，abuse与juice押韵；作动词时与news押韵misuse N,Vthe use of something dishonestly, or for a purpose that it was not designed for 错用；误用；滥用：Using that expens
9、ive Burgundy to make a gravy is a clear case of alcohol misuse.作名词时，misuse与juice押韵；作动词时与news押韵academicADJ matters associated with university education 学术的：Academic standardssomething that is without practical application and of no immediate relevance 纯理论的；空谈的：We have already won the overall competit
10、ion, so the score of this match is academic.N a teacher or researcher in higher education 大学教师scholarly ADJserious academic study 学术性的：His theories have been printed in a scholarly paper.used for a person who is studious, learned or engaged in university research 勤奋好学的；有学术造诣的scholar NA learned perso
11、n, teacher or researcher in the classics, arts, and humanities, or other non-scientific disciplines 有学问的人；学者：She was a distinguished Latin scholar.the holder of a scholarship 奖学金获得者A Rhodes Scholaraccept V1. to receive something 接受：He was pleased to accept the award from the Design Council2. to agre
12、e to something willingly 同意：After twenty years the director accepted the need to modernize the company.exceptPREP not including, or omitting something 除之外：Except for the teacher the rest of the villagers were illiterate.V to leave out 把排除在外access N & V1. entry or admittance 进入；进入权：There is no right
13、of access for the public.2. to open a computer file 取得；获取（计算机数据）：She double-clicked and accessed the file.3. to reach or enter something 到达；进入形容词-accessible:The Open University has made university education accessible to the general public.excess N & ADJsomething more than is permitted or desirable
14、过多，过量：He had 20 kilos of excess baggage.形容词-excessive:Excessive drinking is very bad for your health.accident Nan unintentional incident that results in damage or injury 事故；意外事件：There was another serious accident on that road last night.by accidentthe same as accidentally or unintentionally 偶然地；意外地：
15、I took the wrong coat home by accident.mishap Nan unlucky accident 不幸；小事故：Delivery was delayed by a minor mishap in our factory.mishap用来指不是很严重的事故disaster Na sudden event or serious accident that results in great damage or loss of life 灾难；灾祸：The train crash was one of many such disasters in India.cat
16、astrophe Nan event that results in widespread and often sudden damage or suffering 灾难；大祸；严重的不幸：The earthquake was a catastrophe for the whole nation.accommodation Na room or building where someone can live or stay 住处：Student accommodation in town is always hard to find at the beginning of term.不可数名词
17、，注意双写c和mformal term a settlement, agreement or compromise 【正式】和解；协议：The two sides came to an accommodation.在英式英语中，accommodation仅为单数形式accommodations Naccommodation的复数形式，仅在美式英语中使用：The cost of overnight accommodations is included in the price of the ticket.achieve Vto reach an objective or standard, es
18、pecially over a period of time 实现；取得；达到（尤指经过了一段时间）：He was delighted to have achieved his ambition of becoming a rock star.名词-achievementaccomplish Vthe same as achieve, but has an additional sense of successfully completing something 成功完成；成功实现：They safely accomplished the task of freeing the soldier
19、s.形容词-accomplisheddescribes a person who does something with great skill 熟练的；才华高的；有造诣的：She is an accomplished pianist.名词-accomplishmentattain Vto reach a certain standard, and is the word to use when comparison or measurement is involved 达到某标准（用于涉及比较或大小尺寸）：She attained the highest grades in her fina
20、l exams.名词-attainment不那么正式的替代词有getacid ADJsharp in taste and tone 酸的；酸味的；尖酸刻薄的：The stand-up comedian had an acid sense of humour.acid testa crucial trial 决定性的考验：The acid test is whether the software will actually work.acrid ADJunpleasantly bitter in taste or smell 辛辣的；刺激性的：The acrid smell came from
21、the burning building.acrid partingan angry and bitter departure 愤愤不平地离开acknowledge V1. to confirm that something has been received 确认收到：The company sent me a letter acknowledging my complaint.2. to recognize or accept a truth 承认（某事实）：She has never acknowledged her responsibility in this matter.3. ac
22、knowledge is used in formal contexts to mean to thank （正式）感谢：I acknowledge the financial support from the Research Council.名词-acknowledgement (acknowledgment)acknowledgementsa section of a book or report in which the author lists or thanks those who have made a contribution 致谢admit V1. to accept res
23、ponsibility 承担责任：I admit that your complaint is justified.2. to enter or allow access 允许进入：This ticket admits one.acoustic ADJrefers to hearing, sound, or the science of sound 声音的；听觉的acoustic image; acoustic nerve; acoustic guitar形容词-acousticalacoustical measurement; acoustical shadow美式英语中，acoustica
24、l与acoustic同义acoustics N1. the science of sound, when, like other academic subjects ending in -ics, it always takes a singular verb 声学（谓语动词常用单数形式）Acoustics is a challenging field.2. the acoustic properties of a room or a building and takes a plural verb （房间或建筑的）传声效果，音响效果（谓语动词用复数形式）The acoustics in th
25、e Greek amphitheatre are perfect.across PREP & ADV1. from one side to the other 从一边到另一边We swam across the river.2. across can either express movement or position 既可表动作也可表地点The plane took us across the Alps.The pub is just across the street.across the boarda situation or change that affects all level
26、s (形势或改变)影响全局The savings made by the company will bring improvements across the board.above PREP & ADV1. at a higher level than something else without touching it 在上（不接触）We are now above the Alps.above stresses the distance or height 强调距离或高度The plane was just above the trees.2. higher than a rate or
27、 a norm高于（某比率或某标准）She is well above average in mathematics.over PREP & ADV1. the same as above, when used to describe a position that is at a higher level 在上（不接触）We are now over the Alps.2. higher than a specified figure 高于（某一具体数额）Everyone over 45 will benefit from the new legislation.3. covering th
28、e surface of something 盖在上面There was a thick layer of snow over the hills.4. from one side to the other, in a similar way to across 从一边到另一边We walked over the field.act N &V1. as a noun, is usually something which is carried out once, often a deed such as a criminal act （一次性）的行动，如犯罪行动The explosion wa
29、s incorrectly described as an act of terrorism.act of goda natural disaster is often called by western insurance companies. 自然灾害（西方保险公司的说法）2. in the legal sense ,an Act is capitalized and means a law passed by the legislature of a country 法令；法律3. as a verb, to begin a process in response to a partic
30、ular situation 开始行动；表现When my windows were broken for a third time I realized that I had to act.4. it can also mean to perform in a film or play, or to pretend 演出；扮演；假装He acted as if he knew nothing about the dent in the car door.action N1. stresses the process involved in an act that is typically d
31、irected towards a defined aim （有目的的）行动（强调过程）The hijackers were overcome by the governments prompt military action.2. it may also refer to legal proceedings 诉讼My client is considering taking legal action against you.actual ADJrefers to a real, factual event and something which exists 实际的；真实的；真正存在的事物T
32、he newspaper quoted his actual word.actual is often contrasted with something expected or estimated 通常与期待的或估计的事物相对比The actual cost was only 60% of the estimate.topical ADJMeans either relevant or of interest at the moment 热门话题；当前受到关注的比较：This film is about a topical problem. （当前的相关热门问题）The film is ab
33、out an actual problem. （实际存在的没有预料到的问题）current ADJ & N1. as an adjective, means happening at the present time 现在的；当前的During the current financial crisis many families cannot afford holidays.2. as a non, current means a flow of liquid, gas or electricity 水流；气流；电流The Gulf Stream is a current of warm wa
34、ter.acute ADJrefers to a sudden illness or a very serious occurrence 急性的（病）；非常严重的（事件）Following the crash, the badly injured pilot suffered acute pain.chronic ADJrefers to a serious medical or other condition that persists for a long 严重的；长期的；慢性的Seven years after the accident, the pilot was still suff
35、ering from chronic pain.ad Nis an informal short form of advertisement 【非正式】广告classified ad(s) / small ad(s)refer to short advertisements grouped by subject in newspaper columns 分类广告They went through the classified ads to find a flat to rent near the river.美式英语中用want ad(s)add Vmeans to increase or t
36、o say something more 增加；说得更多注意：如果某事物用added形容的话，例如added advantage，起码之前就必须要有一个advantage。advert Nis a short form of advertisement. the word is used for all sorts of advertisements anywhere - on TV, in the media, on hoardings or billboards 广告（可用于所有形式的广告）The company placed adverts all over town to announ
37、ce the opening of the new mall.ADstands for Anno Domini and is written before the year 公元（写在年份前）Pompeii was destroyed in AD 79.一些人认为，in AD 79的表达不正确，因为在拉丁语中Anno的意思就是in the year，不过这种用法非常普遍另一个争论点是AD是否能与century组合，因为century是不能in the year的，然而AD经常跟在century后面，例如：The church dated back to the fourth century A
38、D.BCstands for before Christ,and is written after the year 公元前（写在年份后）Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC.注意：AD和BC在印刷体中都应该用小一号的字体adapt Vmeans to adjust to something 适应In South Africa he had to adapt to life in the southern hemisphere.名词-adaptationa person who adapts something is an adaptor, also
39、spelt adapter, and this word is also used for the piece of equipment which allows two otherwise incompatible items to be connected 改变者；适配器；转接器adopt Vmeans to put into practice or to borrow 采取；采用；采纳When we moved to Australia we adopted the custom of Christmas Day beach parties.名词-adoptionusually mean
40、s taking legal responsibility for someone elses child 收养；领养a person who adopts a child is usually called an adoptive parent 养父母acquire Vmeans to learn or develop a skill, habit or quality 学到（技能）；养成（习惯；品性）She acquired new habits after becoming a star in Hollywood.名词-acquisitionadhesion Nmeans the qua
41、lity of sticking or glueing 粘附；粘合；胶着The new type of glue did not sell very well, due to its poor adhesion.adherence Nmeans support for a particular party or ideology 坚持；信守；信奉His adherence to the party was never in question.同义词-support非正式adjacent ADJis a general word that means either close to or nea
42、rby, and not necessarily sharing the same boundary 邻近的；毗邻的（不一定同边界）The two military aircraft landed simultaneously on adjacent runways.adjoining ADJmeans next to, and always sharing the same boundary 毗连的；隔壁的（同边界）The aircraft moved off the runway on to the adjoining taxiing area.adjourn Vmeans to brea
43、k off a meeting that has started 休（会）（已经开始）We will adjourn the meeting until next week.adjourn tomeans to move somewhere else 转移到别处；换地方After the wedding ceremony they adjourned to the hotel for the reception.postpone Vmeans to reschedule an event or meeting that has not yet started 延期；延迟；推迟（还未开始）The
44、 takeover negotiations were postponed because of the directors sudden illness.defer Vmeans to delay making a judgement or decision 延期（判断）；推迟（决定）The committee has unfortunately deferred its decision until its next meeting.defer tomeans to submit to another persons knowledge or decision 遵从；听从（属于比较正式的用
45、法）I defer to your superior mechanical expertise.rain check Nmeans that a matter will be discussed or decided later, it is usually combined with take 下次；改天I will have to take a rain check on this.这是一个非正式的美式英语表达，多用于商务adverse ADJmeans unfavourable, or harmful 反面的；不利的The weather report warned us of adve
46、rse weather conditions.adverse不能用于形容人averse ADJmeans opposing or having a strong dislike for a thing or person 反对；不喜欢be/feel averse toShe was averse to men with beards.advice Nmeans a recommended course of action 意见；劝告；建议属于不可数名词，数量的表达为a piece of advice或some advice，搭配单数形式的动词或限定词This advice is very important, and it should b
