1、A Well-known Chinese city in history and culture Shenyang is a well-known Chinese city in history and culture with about 1100ground and underground cultural relices. It is so called because of being located on the north bank of the Hunhe River(named as Shenshui in ancient times). According to the te
2、xtual research for Xinle Archaeological Site, 7200 years ago, our ancestors lived and multiplied on this land. The founding history of Shenyang City has been over 2300 years since B.C.300 when Qin Kai established Hou City here to garrison border land. Shenyang has long been reputed as “the birthplac
3、e for one dynasty and the capital for two emperors ”. In 1625, Nuerhachi, the first emperor of Qing dynasty, moved its capital here , and renamed it Shengjing. In 1636,Huangtaiji, the second emperor of Qing Dynasty, changed the reigning title into Qing Dynasty. In 1644, Shenyjing was identified as a
4、uxiliary capital while Beijing became the capital after the soldiers of Qing Dynasty entered the Shanhaiguan Pass. In 1651, Fengtian Prefecture was established here .In 1945, it was renamed Shenyang again.World Cultural HeritageShenyang Imperial PalaceApart from the imperial Palace in Beijing, Sheny
5、ang imperial Palace is the second existent largest palace building complex in China, it is completely preserved, Its construction was started in 1624 and it was completed in 1636,it was the palace for Qing Taizu Nurhachi and Qing Taizong Huangtaiji. Shenyang imperial Palace is divided into Eastern L
6、ine, Middle Line and Western Line, now there are over 100 ancient buildings, covering an area of over 60000 square meters. The entire building merges multinational arts of Manchu,Han,Mongolian and Tibetan nationalities, and has formed its unique style. The renowned building Phoenix Tower was the top
7、most building in Shenyang at that time, and “Viewing Sunrise from Phoenix Tower” was one of eight spectacular scenes in ancient Shenyang.Fu Mausoleum Fu Mausoleum(East Tomb)is the tomb for emperor Nurhachi and empress Yehenala. It covers an area of 557 hectares, its construction was started in 1629,
8、and it was basically completed in 1651.Through renovation by emperors Shunzhi, Kangxi and Qianlong for many times later, a complete architectural complex of mausoleum was formed, including Main Vermilion Gate ,108-step stairway, Square City,Longen Hall, East and West Side Halls, Daming Pavilion, Tre
9、asure Mound, and so on .Fu Mountain behindit ,there are tall ancient pines and range upon rangs of mountains,” Green Pine on Tianzhu Mountain ”was one of eight spectacular scenes in ancient Shenyang.Zhao MausoleumZhao Mausoleum(North Tomb) is the tomb of Qing Taizong Huangtaiji and empress Boerjijit
10、e. It was built in 1634 and its area is 3,274,000 square meters. There are buildings including Longen Hall, Treasure City, Treasure Mound, Crescent City, Daming Pavilion, Dabei Pavilion ,Square City, Long en Gate, Dahong Gate, Stone Arch, and so on .Its scale is grand and the building is magnificent
11、, it is good enough to be a masterpiece combining styles of Manchu nationality and Han nationality. Relics of remote antiquity Profound Potential Taiqing TempleConstruction of Taiqing Temple was started in 1663,it faces south and it is composed of Lingguan hall, Liaofang Houde , Guandi Hall ,Chantin
12、g Scriptures Hall, Laojun Hall, Yuhuang Pavilion, Lvzu Hall, Sanguan Hall, Qiuzu Hall, and so on .Taiqing Temple was historically the center of Taoism Activity in the Northeast, nowadays it is the location of Taoism Association of Shenyang ,and it is a key Taoist temple of China.Xinle Relic Xinle Re
13、lic is a tribe relic of matriachal society in the early stage og Neolithic Age over 7200 years ago, more than one thousand important cultural relics and remains of ancient house were excavated, such as stone artifacts, bone implement, earthenware, wooden furniture, jet product, and so on .Among them
14、, “Wood sculpture bird” is a precious cultural relicsand it is the oldest among those excavated in Shenyang region, it is also the only wood sculpture handicraft whose preservation is the oldest.Shisheng TempleConstruction of Shisheng Temple was started in 1636,it was bestowed by Qing Taizong Huangt
15、aiji, so it is also called imperial Temple, and it is the earliest and the largest temple of Tibetan Buddhism in Shenyang city. The temple faces south, there are buildings of Celestial King Hall, Mahavira Hall, Mahakala Building, Pagode Courtyard, Bell-tower and Drum-tower, Liaofang Houde,and so on
16、.Among them, Mahakala Buddhism Builiding once consecrated “Mahakala Buddha”, and “Sounding Bell at Imperial Temple” is one of eight spectacular scenes in ancient Shenyang.Four Pagodas and Four Temples of Early Qing DynastyConstruction of four pagodas and four temples of early Qing Dynasty was starte
17、d in 1643,including East Pagoda at Yongguang Temple, South Pagoda at Guangci Temple, West Pagoda at Yanshou Teple and North Pagoda at Falun Temple. They are all about 5-li away from Shenyang in ancient Shenyang ,and they add radiance beauty to the place in the city, having the appearance of “great u
18、nity, complete Buddha-stupa at four gates”. The design of four pagodas are identical, they are composed od three parts, including pagoda base, pagoda baby and pagoda top. The entire pagoda is 26 meters high, only Falun Temple around North Pagoda is completely preserved among four pagodas and four te
19、mples, and Shenyang Forest of Steles are located in the temple. Merely white pagoda is left at Youngguang Temple around North Pagoda and Guangci Temple around South Pagoda ,and Yanshou Temple around West Pagoda was renovated in 1998.South Mosque Construction of South Mosque was started in 1636,and i
20、t was extended ih 1662.It faces east and its its axis is at the Hill Gate, Secondary Gate, Portico, Great Hall and Minaret,Great Hall at the center is surrounded by Scriptures Hall, Side House, Nun Temple, Bathroom, and so on .It shows the appearance of a typical slamic mosque. South Mosque is the s
21、ite of Shenyang Islanmic mosque. South Mosque is the site of Shenyang Islam Association.Cien TempleConstruction of Cien Temple was started in the Tang Dynasty, it faces east and the buildings in the temple are distributed in three lines, including Hill Gate ,Celestital King Hall , Bhikshu Altar, Tri
22、pitaka Pavilion, Ruyi Office, Abbots Room, Buddhist Scriptures Chanting Hall, and so on .The temple has a long history, and it has the most and the best preserved statue of Buddha, implement for ceremony and implement for Buddhist service in the whole city, it is a key temple nationwide.Nanguan Chur
23、chConstruction of Nanguan Church was started in 1878,it faces south and it is a typical Gothic building ,the two bell-towers are 40 meters high, and the hall is 20 meters high, it is propped by 24 granite stone pillars, the structure is exquisite, and it has a capacity for 1000 person once in religi
24、ous service.The “Setp.18”Historical MuseumThe “Setp.18”Historical Museum is located at Liutiaohu area of Shenyang. The entire museum covers an area of 35 thousand meters ,and there are 7 exhibition halls. By means og large number of picture , real objects, scene elaborations, three-dimensional sculp
25、tures , power-driven photo acoustic simulation, film and television video, and so on ,it portrays vivid scenarios, fully displays the Japanese militarism aggression, shows the determined resistance and the victory won by the Northeastern people of China against the historical tragedy.Steam Locomotiv
26、e Exhibition Hall Shenyang Steam Locomotive Exhibition Hall is the first exhibition hall of China for public display of steam locomotives, and 16 sets of locomotives no longer in longer in service from eight countries are stored up in the hall, including those of China and those from America, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Czech, Poland and Germany among them, DBI locomotive produced in America in 1907 is currently the oldest one in show in the hall, and “Asia”locomotive of the same model in the world.
