1、1. Granted that the presence elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable that of Herry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneous parts.诚然小说中出现这些元素并不代表作者如Herry James一样，有着构思小说的作家意识，但是小说中的这些元素确实可以激励一些统一小说中不同部分的尝试。2. As she p
2、ut it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone has been set upon anther because of anything that Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore. 正如她在普通读者里所说的那样，“Chaucer所说的或所写的并不能形成一部法律，也不能让石块逐个累加起来（注：也就是平地高楼拔
3、地起的意思）；但是，我们阅读他的作品时，我们的每一个毛孔中都能感受到道德的气息。3. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally changed abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.当震波穿过岩层分界线时，岩层分界线的弹性特征会突然改变，地震波的部分能量将会被反射回地面，
4、地震仪器在此记录反射回来的地震波。4. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves performance, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.虽然Gutman 认为由于奴隶贸易而造成的强行分离非常频繁，但是他也认为，在买卖并不频繁的种植园中，奴隶们的偏好表现的最为明显，他们更倾向于选择稳定的一
5、夫一妻制。5. Civil rights activities have long argue that one of the principal reasons why Blacks ,Hispanic, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.长期以来，民权活动家就认为，黑人
6、、拉美裔和其它少数族裔之所以难以在商界立足，其中的一个重要原因就在于他们缺乏获得大规模订单和由大公司产生的分包合同的途径。6. Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United St
7、ates.而且，那些认为允许自由市场不受干预的操作是最有效的定价方式的经济学家们并没有考虑到除美国外的其他的非社会主义国家的经济状况。7. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?当得到另一个已知出处、并由挖掘出它的考古学家通过地层分析法确定了其年代的陶罐时，谁会想要一个没有任何标记的陶罐呢
8、？8. Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and by moving toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.近来，联邦政府的政
9、策制定者们采取了一个思路来试图加速少数族裔企业的发展，这种思路不再对小型少数民族企业进行直接资助，而是通过资助中等规模的公司来帮助更大的、增长导向性的少数民族企业。9. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing the established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those
10、 firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.MESBIC源自这种理念，即与仅提供通用的管理经验和少量可用资金相比，像那些已经立足的公司提供更容易获得的相关管理技术、更专业的管理经验以及大量的资金更能让这些公司建立起坚实的商业基础。10. And managers under pressure to maximize cos
11、t-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.并且当管理者面临需要需要最大程度降低成本的压力时，他们就会抵制创新，这是因为他们知道在工艺流程与体系方面产生的更加根本的变化将会对被用来考核他们表现的绩效结果造成巨大灾难。11. For instance, the mass-production philosophy
12、 of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and in order to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently.例如，美国汽车制造商的批量生产观念鼓励了大规模汽车生产，这是为了充分利用昂贵的专用零件设备，同时也是为了充分占用那些被训练来
13、高效完成某个操作的工人的工作时间。12. Woodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition “had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in the history of American Revolution published in 1776.”Woodward以一种稍显讽刺的谦虚坦言道，第一版“已经开始受到一些缺陷的困扰，这些缺陷本来预期会出现在1776年出版的一本有关美国革命的历史书中”13. While the
14、statement is perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement misrepresents the attitude of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments.虽然这种说法可能正确描述了那些为了升职或者其他动机而参加黑人部队的军官，但是该说法却错误的解读了许多后来在黑人部队中担任军官的废奴主义者的态度。14. Moreo
15、ver, arguments pointing out the extent of both structural and functional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteria convinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common ancestor before the bacteria arose.而且，一些观点指出了真核细胞与真正细菌之间在结构和功能上的差异程度，这下观点使得许多生物
16、学家相信，在细菌出现之前，真核细胞的祖先一定是从共同祖先那里分化出来的。15. The new tax law allowed corporations to deduct the cost of the product donated plus half the difference between cost and fair market selling price, with the proviso that deductions cannot exceed twice cost.根据减免不可超过成本的两倍的这项条款，新税法允许各家公司减去被捐献产品的成本，再减去产品与公平市场价格之间差值的一半。
