1、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。二、比较级的构成：（1）规则变化：单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm-calmer tall-taller smart-smarter以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”Eg: ear
2、ly-earlier happy-happier busy-busier以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er Eg: big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular-more popular important-more important（2）不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：原级比较级最高级good/ wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbad / badly（坏地）worseworstlittlelessleastoldOlder（年
3、龄）/ elder(辈份)oldest/ eldestfarfarther距离/ further（深奥的）farthest/ furthestelder/eldest 是指兄弟姐妹之间较大的，和最大的。further /furthest 是指抽象意义上的较深远的，和最远的。三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1 表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+BEg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast
4、as I. 他跑得和我一样快。 他和我一样高。 He is as _ (tall) as I/me.英语比语文重要。English is as _ (important) as Chinese.他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is _ _ _ mine.他学习和你一样努力。He works _ hard _ you.2表达“A不如B”用not as/soas的结构。公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as+BEg I am not as (so)tall as you.我没有你高。He doesnt run as
5、(so)fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。2 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+BEg I am taller than you.我比你高。He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。他没我高。He is _ _ _ (tall) as me.今天没有昨天暖和。Today is _ _ _(warm) _ yesterday. =Yesterday _ _ than today.他昨天来得没有我早。He _ come _ early as I (did) yesterday.(
6、二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁This buildin
7、g is 20 meters higher than that one.3“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 It is getting warmer and warmer天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster他跑得越来越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful我们祖国越来越美了。4“The+ 比较级，the+ 比较级”表示“越，就越”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will
8、 make.你越细心，犯错就越少。5“the moreof the two”表示“两个当中较。的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1表达“是中最的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语(in,of /among)或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句Eg He is the tallest (student)
9、 in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. （of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。在我们班上他最高。 He is _ ( tall) _ our class.玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Mary is _ (young) _ the three students.2表示“最的中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。This is one of the
10、 most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 Eg He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine.
11、不能说 Her bag is bigger than I. The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.比较级与最高级的练习。一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice _ 2. fat _3. slow _ 4. dry _5. happy _ 6. wet _7. much _ 8. ill _9. little _ 10. bad _11. thin _ 12. far _13. early _
12、 14. careful_ 15. exciting _ 16. busy _17._new 18 expensive _ 19. big _ 20. easy_21. heavy_22, boring _ 23. smart _24. large _ 25. fine_ 二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1The Nile is a _river. It is _than any other river in the world. In fact it is _river in the world. (long) 2. Whichis_(beautiful),thebla
13、ckcoartortheblueone?3Who is _(tall), Mary or Joan? 4Which is _(fast), a bike, a car or a bus? 5Shanghai is one of _(big) cities in China. 6My brother has a very _(good) voice. 7Wang Fang has _ Chinese Stamps. Judy hasnt got as _Chinese stamps as Wang Fang. But she has got _ American stamps than Wang
14、 Fang. (many) 8This film is even _(interesting) 9 Oh, Im still _ (short) than you. 10My bike isnt as _ (good) as his. 11.thismooncakeis_(cheap)ofall.12.Whichis_(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?13.Whichis_(beautiful),theblackcoartortheblueone?14. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 15.
15、 Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian. 16. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _(fat) than before . 17.Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 18.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _(
16、short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 19. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 20. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 21.He is one of the_ _(friendly) people in the class, I think. 22. A dictiona
17、ry is much (expensive) than a story-book.23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays(现在) English is _ ( important ) than any other subject. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _ _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ _ (dangerous) animal in the world.26. Mr. Smith is _ man in this offic
18、e. (rich)27. Winter is _ season of the years. (cold)28.This radio is not so _ as that one. (cheap)29. It is much _ today than yesterday. (hot)30. She is a little _ _ than her classmates. (careful)31. _ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)32. Which book is _, this one or that one? (easy)
19、33. My room is _ than yours. (small)34. Hainan is _ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)35. Skating is _ _ than swimming. (exciting)36. Jim is _ _ than all the others. (honest)37. Things are getting _ and _. (bad)38. The higher you climb, the _ it will be. (cold)39. Now his life is becoming _ and _ _. (di
20、fficult)40. There are _ boys than girls in our class. (few) 41. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China.42. Sue is a little _ _ (beautiful) than her sister.43.My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s.44.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I don
21、t think so.45.- Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _(well).46. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.47. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).48. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one.49. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 50.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 51. Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 52. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 53. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.
