1、Unit 3 Work and WorkforcePart I Warming up AJob Key wordsSpeaker 1 Psychologist listening / talk / problems / patients/ progress / turn life aroundSpeaker 2 Camp counselor kids / problems / win trust / open up /develop confidence & self-worth / summerSpeaker 3 Firefighter burning / smoke / get peopl
2、e out /dangerousTapescript:1. PsychologistMaybe the biggest challenge for me is listening to people talk about all their problems. At the end of the day, Im usually pretty worn out. At times, it can be depressing as well. On the other hand, I do see patients making real progress. Its great to see so
3、meone really turn their life around and get on top of a problem that they thought they never could deal with.2. Camp counselorAs a camp counselor, its difficult to find a way to get through to kids with problems and win their trust. Sometimes kids are very suspicious and find it hard to trust an adu
4、lt - even a young adult. So getting them to open up is the hardest part. Once youve done that, they almost become different people. One of the things I find most rewarding is seeing kids develop confidence and a sense of self-worth. Its especially great to see that happen in a kid who started out th
5、e summer with low self-esteem.3. FirefighterIt sounds pretty obvious, but in my job, the biggest challenge is going into a burning building thats full of smoke when you can barely see a few inches in front of you. Its really difficult - especially when you know there are people in there, and its you
6、r job to get them out. Once you do get someone out safely, then you feel really great and you forget about how dangerous the work is.BSpeaker 1 (Justin)* forming his own music group* recording album / making music video* breaking into music scene in a big waySpeaker 2 (Sophia)* being a doctor* worki
7、ng first overseas then back home* in a hospitalSpeaker 3 (Rachel)* being a model* starting her own modeling agencyTapescript:1. JustinWhat do I hope Ill have achieved by the time Im 30? Well, I hope Ill have made a successful career in the music industry. Right now, I play in a band and Id love to b
8、e able to do that professionally. I plan to form a group of my own in a few years. Once we get known, well record an album- and make music videos, of course- and try to break into the music scene in a big way. 2. SophiaI plan to be a doctor. When Ive graduated from med school and finished with my in
9、terning, I want to work overseas for a few years. Ill probably work in a developing country with an organization like UNICEF. After that, Ill come back home and work in a hospital. I dont really care if I make a lot of money or not, but I do want to work somewhere where I feel I can make a differenc
10、e. 3. RachelIm planning to be a model. Ive already had some modeling experience, and after I graduate, Im going to see if I can get a job with an agency in New York or Los Angeles. Ill probably work as a model for ten years or so, and then I hope to start a modeling agency of my own.C1. Who is Mr Bo
11、ush and where does the interview take place?Personnel director/in his office2. How did the young man learn about the job vacancy in the firm?From the ad in the paper3. What kind of a lawyer does he want to be? Corporation lawyer4. What sort of work does he have to do before he can get to practice la
12、w? All sorts of odd jobs5. What grade is he in and what is he good at? Junior (senior next year)/figures)6. Does he care much about the pay of the job? How does he think about it? No/ Experience and education are more important7. When does the young man come to work? Wednesday morning at eight8. How
13、 can you know that the young man is happy about the interview? He told his mother excitedly over the phone I made it!“Tapescript:R Receptionist S Steve B BoushR: Good morning. How can I help you?S：I have an appointment with the personnel director Mr. Boush.R: Will you take a seat and Ill see if he i
14、s free yet.S: Thank you.(Later)R: Mr Li, Mr Boush will see you now. His office is down the hall to your left.S: Thank you.(Steve introduces himself)S: Mr Boush, Im Steve Li.B: Well, hello, Mr. Li.(Extends his hand they shake hands.) Its early and youve come a long way just for an interview.S：Yes, si
15、r. We read your ad in the paper and my aunt said that this is a very reputable firm and since I want to be a lawyer someday we thought this job would give me a good start.B: I see. Of course you realize it will be dull for a while. You wouldnt get to practice law right off.S: Oh, I realize that, sir
16、.B: It would be mostly filing tracking things down and looking things up. All sorts of odd jobs delivering things to the court house, and bringing things that the lawyers forgot. Even running down to get them a sandwich now and then.S: I wouldnt mind that, sir. At least I could get the feel of a law
17、 office.B: What kind of a lawyer do you want to be, Steve?S: A corporation lawyer, sir. Im good at figures.B: Oh! Thats interesting. We can always use a good head for math around here. What grade are you in?S: Ill be a senior next year.B: And what law school do you plan to go to?S: Harvard, sir.B: W
18、ell, thats setting your mark high enough. You realize this job doesnt pay very much, dont you?S: Yes, sir, but I can get by and like my aunt said I can wait another year before I buy a car. Experience and education are more important, now.B: Well, Steve, if you are smart enough to figure that out yo
19、u are smart enough for this job. When can you come to work?S: Right now, sir! You mean it?B: Yes, youve got yourself a hob but take a couple of days to get located and find your way around, then come in Wednesday morning at eight sharp.S: Yes, sir! And thank you, sir! Ill be here!(Later on the phone
20、)S: Hello Mom, I that you? I made it!Part II Americans at workA.Distributions of USA Workforce1. 16%Manufacturing 2. 4%Construction 3. 3%Agriculture, forestry, & fishing4. 1%Mining 5. 25%Community, social & personal service6. 23%Wholesale & retail trade 7. 17%Government8. 6%Finance, insurance & real
21、 estate9. 5% Transportation, communication &utilitiesB Americans at workI. IntroductionII American workforce A. Distributions B. Working women1. Working females aged 16 and over - 58%2. Mothers with children under 18 - 67% III. Work ethicA. Definition of strong work ethicB. Most Americans - with a s
22、trong work ethicC. Reason for not working harder - not feeling they will benefit from the workTapescript.The topic of work in the United States is an interesting one because the statistics do not always agree with popular general impressions about American workers and the American economy. I will tr
23、y to reconcile these impressions with what we know from some recent statistics. To get you warmed up, let me give you a few questions to think about before I start the first point of our lecture today: Do you think most Americans work in factories that produce goods for domestic use and exportation?
24、 Do you think most American women are housewives, or do most of them work outside the home? Do you think people in the United States work hard? If time permits, Ill deal with each of these points in todays lecture.So, then, where do most people in the United States work? If you thought in the manufa
25、cturing sector, in other words in factories, you were wrong. It is true that the United States is, and is seen as, a strong industrial power, but the statistics reveal that another branch of the economy is even stronger than manufacturing. Instead of dealing with the large figures required when disc
26、ussing a total U.S. workforce of 125 million people, lets take a look at 100 hypothetical workers and See where theyre employed. Of those 100 workers, 16 work in manufacturing, that is, in producing goods. Another 4 work in construction, and 3 work in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. And 1 out of
27、 100 workers is employed in mining. You might find the figures for manufacturing and agriculture surprisingly low, and in a sense they are. The United States is in fact a leading producer of manufactured goods and agricultural products in the world; however, a surprisingly small number of workers, 1
28、6 out of100 for manufacturing, and only 2 per hundred for agriculture alone, is responsible for this output. The above figures account for 24 of the 100 hypothetical workers we started with. Where do the other 76 work?Well, a full 76 are employed in what are called the service industries. By the way
29、, the term industry often applies purely to production, or manufacturing. Today, however, I will use industry in its more general sense, any general business activity. Service industries, then, include a wide variety of businesses that provide services rather than produce goods. You know the differe
30、nce between goods and services, dont you?Lets take a look at the different sectors of the service industries now. Of 76workers in the service industries, 25 are employed in community, social, and personal services. Community, social, and personal services include doctors offices, private hospitals,
31、hotels, computer programming and data processing companies, restaurants, repair shops, engineering companies, and private research facilities. The next largest sector in the service industries, wholesale and retail trade, employs 23 of the 76 people. Wholesale trade involves purchases directly from
32、the producer, while retail trade is more familiar to us. purchases from department stores, supermarkets, automobile dealerships, and so on.The next largest sector in the service industries, the government, employs 17 of those 100 hypothetical workers we started with. The best-known government worker
33、s are teachers, police, and postal workers, but this sector also includes government officials and administrators, of course. The next sector is finance, insurance, and real estate, in other words, banks and the stock market, some 5,500 insurance companies, and companies involved in the buying and s
34、elling of property. Six of every 100 workers are employed in finance, insurance, and real estate. The last service sector is transportation, communication, and utilities. What does the phrase transportation, communication, and utilities make you think of? If you thought of airlines, roads, and railr
35、oads for transportation, you are correct. Communication, of course, includes newspapers, magazines, and books as well as TV and radio broadcasting. And utilities, as you probably know, are companies that provide us with gas, water, and electricity. In the United States, these jobs are not part of th
36、e government services as they are in many countries; transportation, communication, and utilities are provided by private companies and account for 5 of the 100 workers we began with. Before we leave our first topic, lets check to make sure you have all the figures for the 76 workers in the service
37、industries; 25 in community, social, and personal services; 23 in wholesale and retail trade; 17 in government; 6 in finance, insurance, and real estate; and last, 5 in transportation, communication, and utilities.Before I discuss the work ethic, Id like to make a slight digression and get back to t
38、he question of working women. Would you be surprised if I said that most of the female population aged 16 and over work? As a matter of fact, the actual figure is 58 percent. The figure for mothers with children under 18 years of age is even higher. 67 percent. That two thirds of mothers are employe
39、d certainly has an economic impact on the country and no doubt influences to some extent the character of the American family. But well look at that in a later lecture.Now that weve taken care of that digression, lets talk about our last topic: the work ethic. I asked You earlier if you felt people
40、in the United States worked hard. Well, Im not sure what your opinion is, but a strong work ethic means that workers take their work seriously. Workers with a strong work ethic feel an obligation to work hard, expect little time for recreation, and take pride in doing their job well. According to su
41、rveys, most Americans do have a strong work ethic, that is, they feel they should work hard. The problem is that they do not always do so. And the reason they give for not working harder is that they dont feel they will benefit from the work. Others - like the owners of the company - will benefit in
42、stead.Part III Stress managementProgram. Talk of the DayTodays topic: Stress and how to manage itGuest speaker: Dr. Elizabeth Sander (a medical doctor & writer) Definition of stress. A physical and/or psychological response to the demands that were placing on ourselvesCaller: JudyQuestion 1: Any war
43、ning signs?Answer: Some of the most common warning signs:fatigue / listlessness / sleeping problems / a loss of appetite / sudden stomach disorders / heart palpitations Question 2: Ways to make life less stressful? Answer: Taking effective steps:Becoming aware of potentially stressful situations and
44、 avoiding themReducing workload and organizing the work in a better wayGetting proper rest and exerciseFinding a balance between work and playTapescript:H - Host D - Dr. Sander J - JudyH: Good morning, and welcome to Talk of the Day. Do you often find that youre trying to accomplish more in a day th
45、an is humanly possible? Do you have trouble falling asleep at night because you cant stop thinking about yesterdays activities or planning tomorrows? Do you find yourself spending too much time at work without enough time for leisure activities? Today our topic is stress and how to manage it. Tell u
46、s about the level of stress in your life and how you cope with it, or call us with your questions. With us to help answer some of the questions you may have is Dr. Elizabeth Sander, a medical doctor and writer of a best-selling book on stress management. She has also conducted numerous workshops des
47、igned to teach people how to identify and prevent stress. Good morning Dr. Sander and thank you for joining us today.D: Thank you for having me.H. Dr, Sander, before we take our first call, perhaps you could just tell us what exactly we mean by stress. We hear the word being used so much today. What
48、 is stress?D: Yes, thats a very good question. Actually, stress can be either a physical or psychological response, or both, to the demands that were placing on ourselves. An increased level of stress affects us physically by producing certain changes in the body such as increased heart or breathing rate, dilation of the pupils, or our blood
