1、1大学英语（三） 课 程 学 习 指 导 资 料编写 宋永栋适用专业：各专业适用层次：专升本 高起本四 川 大 学 网 络 教 育 学 院二 OO 五 年 五 月2大学英语（三） 课程学习指导资料编写：宋永栋本课程学习指导资料根据教育部大学英语统一考试大纲以及该课程教学大纲的要求，参照现行采用教材大学英语精读第三册（李荫华主编，上海外语教育出版社） 、 大学英语快速阅读第三册（谌馨荪主编，上海外语教育出版社） 、 大学英语考试辅导资料（全国高校网络教育考试办公室组编，中国财政经济出版社出版）以及课程学习光盘，并结合远程网络业余教育的教学特点和教学规律进行编写，适用于各专业专升本、高起本科学生。
2、第一部分 课程的学习目的及总体要求一、课程的学习目的：使学生在本学期的学习时间内,掌握英语语法, 词汇以及听,说,读,写,译方面的一些基础知识和技能, 从而提高他们的外语素质, 为进一步学习和参加全国统考打下一定基础.二、课程的总体要求：要求学生既掌握一定的语法,词汇等方面的知识, 又在听,说,读,写,译方面有一定的技能.第二部分 课程学习的基本要求及重点难点内容分析基本教学内容：大学英语精读第三册 第 1，2，3，4，5，6，8，及 10 课、 大学英语考试辅导资料(B)试题（第 13 套模拟题） 重点要求掌握以下主要内容：一词汇与短语：本学期基本教学内容主要涉及 507 个英语生词, 重点
3、掌握其中黑体生词 289 个和下列短语:take sb. to court 把送上法庭; a couple of 一两(个)/一对; save up 储蓄; take ones time 不用急; at first 一开始;起初; turn out 结果;证明是; call on 要求; stand a chance 有机会; revolve around 围绕转动; turn against 和作对;take prisoner 俘虏; flare up 突发; 加剧; write out 写下; brush aside 漠视; 3bring through 免除; stay up 熬夜; t
4、ake notes 做笔记; build on 以为基础; keep a diary 记日记; leave out 删除; send off 派遣; work at/on 从事; catch ones breath 喘过气来 keen on; 热中于on end 连续 pass by 从旁经过;忽视turn away 把拒之门外 keep up 维持;继续once in a while 间或;偶尔 in general 通常cope with 处理 no matter how/whatetc. 无论怎么/ 什么at a loss 困惑 be entitled to 有权利have sth. t
5、o oneself 据为己有 at work 工作; 从事catch on (to) 学会;懂得 set ones mind to 打定主意stand /be in sbs way 阻碍; 妨碍 send away for 索取run out 耗尽;用完 in addition 另外; 除之外help out 帮助 on guard 警觉in tears 流泪 hold back 防止; 抑制go on 发生 go ahead 前进; 继续(做)bring down 减少，降低 be detached from 对漠不关心out of sight 看不见 keep from 停止、避免干某事t
6、ake it easy 不紧张，不急 would rather 宁愿amount to 发展成；等于 interfere with 干扰；妨碍contribute to 有助于 get along with 与相处（和睦）due to 因为，由 引起 come ture 实现go about 着手做 conjure up 使联想起go by 经过 feed on 以为食，从得到满足和供养in turn 依次，轮流 put to work 应用二构词法：1. un-, 前缀,使一个词变成它的反义词,如: unrelated, unemployment; 2. -able/-ible, 后缀 ,
7、表示可能性, 如: eatable, flexible; 3. counter-, 前缀, 使一个词变成它的反义词, 如: counter-revolutionary, counter-clockwise; 4. -eer, 前缀, 表示人 ,如: pioneer, engineer; 5. 两个词合成一个复合形容词: (1). 形容词/ 数词+名词, 如: a five-year plan, a short-term training (2). 名词+ 分词 合成一个形容词 , 如: an ice-covered lake, grass-cutting machinery6. re-, 前缀
8、, 加在动词或名词前面 , 表示再一次 或 回来 , 如: revise, reunion; 7. -ship, 后缀, 加在名词后面, 表示身份或状态, 如: citizenship, friendship8. 动词+ing +名词 构成一个复合名词, 如: dining-hall; walking-tractor9. “quasi”表示” 半” 或”准”, quasi-official10. -ist 表示一个政党或行业成员, 或一种主义的信奉者, socialist, psychologist11. 由两个词各取一部分组成的混合词, 如: motel; Eurasia12. kilo-前
9、缀，表示“一千”，如：kilometer, kilogrammilli-前缀，表示“一千分之一”，如：millimeter, milligram413. 名词动词 构成复合动词，如：mass-produce, typewrite14. ize 后缀，加在名词或动词后形成动词，意思是“使成为” ， “使具有性质”如：modernize, criticize15. logy 后缀，意思为某方面的学问，如： biology, psychology三语法结构:1. it turns out that, 证明是, 如: It turned out that the vase was broken by
10、his own grandson; 2. given, 相当一个介词, 意思是如果考虑到, 或 要是, Given his old age, Dick should be entitled to be treated as a senior citizen. 3. see (to it ) that, 务必作到, 如: See to it that you will never be late for work again. 4. just as, 正如一样, Just as you cant live without air, animals will die if without air.
11、 5. or, 要不然, Put on more clothes or you will get a cold. 6. 介词.+what 从句, I cant tell you anything about what are included in this new chemical. 7. not because, 不是因为 才, I know they dont work so hard because they can earn much money. 8. find oneself + 现在分词/过去分词/ 介词短语, 表示一种意外状况, The ten wounded solders
12、 reached a small village, finding themselves surrounded by the enemy troops.9. Neither + 助动词+ 主语, 表示附和前一句的否定 , 如: He is not keen on football. Neither am I.10.asas, 象一样 He is as interested in current affairs as his father used to.11.with + 名词 + 分词短语/动词不定式 /介词短语, 相当一个副词Peter returned home three days l
13、ater, with his face covered with bruises and wounds.12. It is/was (not)before 表达一件事情(会) 发生的时间It wont be long before we see Chinas rise economically and militarily.13. Just that淡化一件事情的重要性 /严重性的句型, 如: Nothing serious, just that I got a cut on my left hand carelessly.14.be of + 抽象名词，表具有某种性质内容状况等，相当于 be
14、+形容词His efforts are of vital importance in the building of the school.15.in much the same way that引导一个方式状语从句，意思为“以与相同的方式” 。The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.16. hardly, often, so, scarcely 等词放在句首，句子要用倒装。So hard did he work that he obtained his Ph.D. degree
15、one year ahead of schedule.17. whetheror:无论还是，表示结果，跟选择的答案关系She looks pretty, whether she wears blue or green.四阅读技巧：如何使用英语汉语词典; scanning, 使学生能够使用阅读技能在词典中查找生词和在文章中查找具体信息.5五写作知识：A如何把独立句子按照内在逻辑排出正确秩序 , 如: 1. Having kissed his wife, he left for work at 8:30 precisely and took the same 8:45 train to New Y
16、ork city.2. After that, he read the same morning newspapers over his breakfast to know what had happened the day before.3. Mr. Thompson, a senior engineer of a corporation in New York, always followed a rigid routine in his life and work.4. He got up exactly at 7:00 a.m. every morning and then did h
17、is washing. 按照 Mr. Thompson 做事的时间逻辑, 以上独立句子应该按照 3 4 2 1 顺序, 组成下面的一段短文:Mr. Thompson, a senior engineer of a corporation in New York, always followed a rigid routine in his life and work. He got up exactly at 7:00 a.m. every morning and then did his washing. After that, he read the same morning newspa
18、pers over his breakfast to know what had happened the day before. Having kissed his wife, he left for work at 8:30 precisely and took the same 8:45 train to New York city.B如何根据所给的提纲或者提示写短文：可以按照以下步骤来做:：1. 仔细阅读每一条提纲, 找出其中心思想;2. 根据找出的中心思想, 写出主题句;3. 围绕主题句包含的中心思想写出该段内容. 请看下面一例:【例】根据以下提纲写出一篇 80 字的短文：1. 有人
19、喜欢居住在城市；2. 有人喜欢居住在乡村；3. 你的想法。Where to Live in the City or in the Country ?Some people like living in the city. They say that there are more job opportunities in cities, and life there is more colorful and meaningful. For example, there are supermarkets and entertainment centers there.But other peopl
20、e prefer to live in the countryside. They think that life in the countryside is close to nature, quieter and cleaner. Country people dont suffer from air pollution.I do not have a definite opinion. I would like to live in a city when I am young to find a good job to earn enough money but when I reti
21、re on a pension, I would like to live in the countryside for a long life.上面短文中每段标红的第一句就是分别根据每一条提纲发展出来的主题句. 每一段内容都紧紧围绕主题句包含的主题思想展开, 这样短文就不会跑题了.六下列基础语法知识:名词单复数, 所有格; 不定冠词与定冠词 ; 基数词与序数词 ; 形容词和副词的比较级6与最高级; 动词的基本时态与语态; 主要情态动词; 动词不定式 , 现在分词与过去分词主动语态与被动语态; 虚拟语态 ; 主要连词的用法;七听说能力: 通过对大学英语考试辅导资料(B)试题（第 13 套模拟题
22、）的学习, 使学生能够1. 掌握一定英语词汇极其配搭;2. 掌握其中涉及到的语法结构特征及用法;3. 熟悉其中有关日常生活和社会生活英语对话的普通模式, 类型和特点;听力练习可以分为三类: 简短对话(conversation), 一段较长对话及短文(passage). 这三种听力练习(考试题)每一种之后都提出一定问题. 最常见的问题是 wh问题, 如: what, how, when, where, how many这方面的知识, 考试命题原则和解题技巧请参见全国高校网络教育公共基础课统一考试用书(全国高校网络教育考试办公室组编, 中国财政经济出版社出版)中第 1 12 页相关内容.4. 学习
23、熟悉其中涉及到的英语交际用语;英语交际用语有很强的实用性, 也是统考内容之一. 交际用语的运用不但要求在一定语境中用语和应答在语法上正确, 尤其要求用语符合英语国家人民的交际礼仪和交际习惯, 要求语言得体, 这涉及到语用学以及跨文化学科等多方面知识. 大家应该在自己的涉外实践活动中和平时的英语学习中不断积累总结, 才能熟悉并掌握大量的英语交际用语。交际用语的使用（也就是试题中选项的确定）必须掌握几个原则：一是必须要使参与交际双方能够实现预期的交际意图，完成信息和情感的交流任务；二是使用语言必须语法正确；三是使用语言必须得体 ；四是用语必须与语境协调一致。下面以三个实例来说明交际用语的一些特点和
24、解题的一般技巧.【示例一:】-Would you like to go fishing with us now?- _,A. No, I dont likeB. It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to doC. Its so kind of you to invite me.D. Thank you for your invitation.本题的正确答案是 B。这个答案表达了不去钓鱼的意思，也通过对钓鱼这种活动的称赞，来使拒绝的含义表达得委婉礼貌，而且说明了不能去的原因，回答十分得体。如果用 C 或D，虽然很礼貌，但是未能表达出
25、 去还是不去的意思，问话者对回答不得要领，使得这个轮次的语言交际的目的未能实现。所以，完成信息或者情感的交流是语言交际的首要任务，做这种试题时必须记住。【示例二】A: Are you ready to order desert, please?B: .A. Yes, pleaseB. Please dont order itC. Yes, Id like to have some chocolate cake 7D. No, dont mention it解开这一道问题的关键是, 弄清楚对话发生在何处以及对话者之间的关系. 从发问的内容便知道, 这是发生在一家餐馆中一个招待和一位顾客之间的对话
26、. 清楚了,每个对话者的身份, 很快就可以确定答案是 C 了. 其实, 很多涉及交际用语的问题都有一个辩明对话者身份的问题, 这一点同学们一定要注意.【示例三】M: Hi, miss. Your coat is really very beautiful.W: _.A. Thank youB. None of your business.C. Yes, I bought it in Boston.D. Yeah, my husband gave it to me as a birthday present.在这位女士可以选择的四个答案中, 前面三个答案在语法上都正确, 但是只有最后一个答案 A
27、 才是最得体(注意: 是 得体, 而不仅仅是正确)的回答. 因为, 在等车的这段时间中, 男士为了打发时间 , 想主动与女士拉话 , 这句话只不过是他想“抛砖引玉”用来开始一场谈话的开场白. 如果在改革开放以前, 一位中国女士最可能用的答案是 B, 但是在英语国家, 这是不太可能的, 可见交际用语的选择有明确的文化解读. 【示例四】Mike: Do you mind telling me where youre from, Jane?Jane: .A. Certainly. Im from LondonB. Sure. I was born in LondonC. Not really, yo
28、u can do it D. Certainly not. Im from London这是明显发生在两个陌生人或者不太熟悉的人之间的对话. 只有 D 才是答案. 因为, 回答是针对 Do you mind?而不是 where are you from?的, 所以用 Certainly 和 Sure 都表明她在意,不愿意讲她是哪里人, 但后面又回答了是哪里人这个问题 , 显得前后矛盾. 这个例子说明, 交际用语要复合英语国家人民的习惯, 才能达到顺利交流的目的.的习惯, 才能达到顺利交流的目的.第三部分 课程作业课程作业在网上分 2 次发布。根据四川大学远程教育学生课程学习成绩评定办法（试行）
29、 （网教院200516号）和四川大学远程教育课程网上作业实施办法（试行） （网教院200517 号）文件的规定，课程网上作业由四川大学课程教学老师批阅，并评定成绩；其成绩占该课程学习成绩的 12。要求学生采用手写完成（复印件和打印件无效；不抄题目，写清楚题号） ，并在该次作业公布后的一个月之内（以邮戳时间为准）邮寄给校外教学中心，并由校外教学中心按照不同的课程、专业、层次、年级分类邮寄给四川大学网络教育学院教学管理部。8第四部分 综合练习题I. Listening Comprehension 听力理解Section ADirections: In this section you will h
30、ear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken twice. After each conversation, there will be a pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decid
31、e on the best answer. Group One 第一组1. A. Cooler and drier B. Cooler and rainier C. Warmer and drier D. Warmer and rainier2. A. 8 am to 9 pm B. 5 am to 9 pmC. 9 am to 5 pm D. closed3. A. She received her passport last week.B. She plans to stay in South America for a month.C. She still hasnt received
32、her passport yet,D. She will leave for South America in a week.4. A. The man has it. B. The woman has it.C. Its in the waste paper basket. D. Its in a book.5. A. 6.00 B. 3.00 C. 3.00 D. 3.506. A. Tickets will probably be difficult to buy.B. All the available tickets were sold last week.C. The ticket
33、s will not go on sale until tomorrow.D. There are probably many tickets still on sale.7. A. The weather man is usually accurate in his forecast.B. The weather man is usually inaccurate in his forecast.C. It will be sunny all day.D. It will be raining all day.8. A. complaint B. letter C. present D. r
34、eceipt9. A. At the railway station. B. At the bank.C. At the check-in counter. D. At the hotel.10. A. Miss Black. B. George.C. Mr, Thompson D. Mrs. Thompson.Group Two 第二组 1. A. The bus has broken down and will not arrive.B. The bus was in a terrible accident.C. The bus will probably arrive at 9:15D.
35、 The bus may arrive tonight, but the man isnt sure.2. A. He was angry at Susan.9B. He wasnt annoyed by Susan.C. He was worried about the answer.D. He was indifferent to Susans feelings.3. A. The traffic was too busy.B. His car was held up by the police.C. He didnt realize that time had passed so qui
36、ckly.D. He didnt expect the woman to wait for him4. A. He lent her an extra pen.B. He offered her a pencil.C. He said he didnt have any extra ink.D. He was afraid of losing his pencil.5. A. 16. B. 13. C. 15. D. 14.6. A. Bob is leaving for Spain.B. Bob should decide about Spanish for himself.C. They
37、should go up to Bobs study.D. They have to make an urgent decision.7. A. They are shopping in a supermarket.B. They are making a shopping list.C. They are traveling by train.D. They are preparing for a trip.8. A. Chocolate cake. B. Ice-cream. C. Nothing. D. Coffee.9. A. He had forgotten to bring the
38、 book.B. He had lost the book.C. He bad brought the wrong book.D. He was not able to bring the book.10. A. About 12 oclock B. About 2 p.m.C. Late in the evening D. Early in the next morning.Group Three 第三组1. A. One. B. Two.C. Three. D. Four.2. A. Its beside a hotel. B. Its opposite a busy road.C. It
39、s next to a hotel. D. Its opposite a hotel on a busy road.3. A. He often teaches English in his free timeB. He often teaches English for nothing.C. He is an English teacher.D. He gives three English lessons each week4. A. The man has dialed the wrong number. B. Diana has not come to work.D. Its lunc
40、h time. D. The woman has eaten her lunch.5. A. Shes not interested in history. B. Shes too busy to study.C. Shes a history student. D. She will study history later.6. A. Hes putting on weight. B. Hes not feeling well.C. He didnt pass the test. D. He doesnt study hard enough.7. A. A single room. B. A
41、 double room.10C. A single room with bath. D. A double room with bath.8. A. .John is a close friend of the womans.B. John often helps the woman.C. John is the best hairdresser in his townD. John is a hairdresser.9. A. She will not go swimming with the manB. She will go swimming with the manC. She is
42、 too tired to go swimming.D. She doesnt like swimming.10. A. She wants the man to buy her a cup of coffee.B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesnt care for coffee very much.D. She is so tired that she wants to have some coffee.Section B 听对话选答案Directions: In this section you will hear a conversation.
43、 The conversation ill be spoken twice. There are four questions about the conversation. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best answer.Group One 第一组1. A. In fourteen days. B. In two weeks time.C. On June 4th, D. On June 14th.2. A. Because she has never been
44、to the beachB. Because she wants to save some money on lodging.C. Because it is cooler there in June.D. Because she wants to relax there.3. A. In a hotel by the seaside. B. In a small hotel near the beachC. With her friends. D. In a hotel near the seaside.4. A. At the beach, too. B. At home.C. He ha
45、s not thought about it yet. D. He is not going to have it.5. A. Because Mary is going to have a long vacation.B. Because Mary has chosen a nice place for the long vacation.C. Because the weather in the beach area is good for vacation.D. Because Mary is able to find a place to stay at the beach durin
46、g her vacation.Group Two 第二组1. A. Neighbors. B. Classmates C. Friends. D. Colleagues2. A. Turn her radio down. B. Turn her stereo down.C. Turn her CD player down. D. Turn her TV down.3. A. Chinese. B. American. C. Italian. D. Japanese.4. A. next to the post office. B. next to the Italian restaurant.C. next to the Italian cinema D. next to the railway station.5. A. Three blocks. B. A couple of blocks.C. One block D. A couple of miles.
