1、American LiteratureAmerican Literature: Writers & Works8The Colonial PeriodJohn SmithWilliam BradfordJohn WinthropJohn CottonRoger WilliamsCotton MatherJonathan EdwardsAnne BradstreetEdward TaylorThe Age of Reason and EnlightenmentBenjamin FranklinThomas PaineJohn de CrevecoeurJohn WoolmanPhilip Fre
2、neauPhilis WheatleyCharles Brockden BrownThe Age of RomanticismWashington IrvingJames Fenimore CooperRalph Waldo EmersonHenry David ThoreauNathaniel HawthorneHerman MelvilleEdgar Allan PoeWalt WhitmanEmily DickinsonThe Age of RealismWilliam Dean HowellsHenry JamesMark TwainStephen CraneBenjamin Fran
3、k NorrisTheodore DreiserEdwin Arlington RobinsonJack LondonO. HenryUpton SinclairThe Colonial Period1. John Smith (1580-1631)The first American writer writing in EnglishThe General History of Virginia (1624) (Pocahontas)A Description of New England (1614)A Map of Virginia; With a Description of the
4、Country (1612)2. William Bradford (1590-1657)Father of American historyThe first governor of the Plymouth Plantation （1620）History of Plymouth Plantation (1630,1856)3. John Winthrop (1588-1657)The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyThe writer who best expressed the Puritan faith in the co
5、lonial periodThe History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826; 1630 - 1649 in diary)Model of Christian Charity （sermon）4. John Cotton (1584-1652)The most eminent and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans.5. Roger Williams (1603-1683)Translated the Bible into the Indian
6、tongueA puritan dissenter, a staunch fighter for freedom and democracyThe Bloody Tenet of Persecution for Cause of Conscience (1644)A Key into the Language of America6. Cotton Mather (1663-1728)An inexhaustible writer, producing more than 500 books on an incredible variety of subjectsThe most eminen
7、t and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans.A skillful preacher, a great Puritan historian, an eminent theologian, a graduate of Harvard CollegeThe Magnalia Christi America(The Ecclesiastical History of New England)7. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)Americas first systematic p
8、hilosopherContributed to “Great Awakening” (1730s-1740s) and “Transcendentalism”Forerunner of the American transcendentalismSinners in the Hands of an Angry God (best and most representative sermon)The Freedom of the Will (1754) (masterpiece)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended (1758)The Natu
9、re of True Virtue (1765)Images or Shadows of Divine Things8. Ann Bradstreet (1612-1672)The first American woman poetA Puritan poetThe Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)Contemplations“To My Dear and Loving Husband”“The Flesh and the Spirit”9. Edward Taylor (1642-1729)The most famous poet i
10、n the colonial periodA meditative poet (baroque); A puritan poetPreparatory MeditationsHuswiferyUpon a Spider Catching a FlyThe Poems of Edward Taylor (1960)The Age of Reason and Revolution1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)One of the Founding Fathers of the USAPoor Richards Almanac (1732-1758)The Auto
11、biography of Benjamin Franklin/Memoirs2. Thomas Paine (1737-1809)Common Sense (January 10, 1776)The American Crisis (December, 1776)The Rights of ManThe Age of ReasonAgrarian Justice3. John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813)Letters from an American Farmer (1775) (12 letters)4. John Woolman (1663-1728)Journal
12、“Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”“A Plea for the Poor”5. Philip Freneau (1752-1832)Poet of the American Revolution (18th century)The first American-born poet; Father of American poetryEstablished the National Gazette in Philadelphia in 1791 with Thomas Jeffersons supportThe Rising Glor
13、y of AmericaThe British Prison Ship (1871)To the Memory of the Brave Americans (1871)On the Memorable Victory of John Paul JonesThe Indian Burying GroundThe Dying Indian: Tomo ChequiThe Wild Honeysuckle6. Philis Wheatley (1754-1784)The first black woman poet in American literatureOn Messrs Hussey an
14、d Coffin (1770)Poems on Various Subjects (1773)7. Charles Brockden Brown The first important American novelistWieland/The Transformation: An American Tale (1798) (first American novel)Edgar Huntly (1799)Ormond (1799)Aurthur Mervyn (1800)The Age of RomanticismThe Beginning of American Romanticism 181
15、0 18401. Washington Irving (1783 - 1859)Father of American literatureFather of American short storyThe first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fameThe first prose stylist of American Romanticism“the American Goldsmith”The History of New York from the Beginning of the Wo
16、rld to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (1809)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent (1819 - 1820)“Rip Van Winkle”“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828)A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829)The Alhambra (1832)Life of Goldsmith Life of Was
17、hington2. James Fenimore Cooper (1789 - 1851)The first important American novist.A master of adventurous narrative and the creator of an American hero-mythThe creator of sea novels and the American frontier novelsThe SpyThe PilotLeatherstocking Tales (Natty Bumpoo)“The Pioneers” (1823)“The Last of t
18、he Mohicans” (1826)“The Prairie” (1827)“The Pathfinder” (1840)“The Deerslayer” (1841)New England Transcendentalism 1830 18503. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882)“Father” of American literatureSpokesman of New England TranscendentalismNature (1836) (Bible of New England Transcendentalism)The American
19、Scholar (1837) (Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence)Divinity School Address (1838)“The Transcendentalist”“Self-Reliance”Representative Man (1850)English Traits (1856)The Rhodora (1846)4. Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862)Civil Disobedience (1849) (Concord jail experience)Walden/Life in
20、the Woods (Jul. 4, 1845 Sept. 6, 1847)A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1838)“A Plea for John Brown”American Renaissance 1830 18605. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 1864)The most ambivalent writer in American literature historyA master of symbolismSalem, Massachusetts Twice-told Tales (1837)Moss
21、es from an Old Manse (1846)“Young Goodman Brown” (1835)“The Ministers Black Veil”“The Birthmark”“Rappaccinis Daughter”The Scarlet Letter (1850)The House of the Seven Gables (1851)The Blithedale Romance (1852)The Marble Faun (1860)Fanshawe (1828)6. Herman Melville (1819 - 1891)Received recognition un
22、til 1920sMoby Dick/The Wale (1851) (Ishmael, Ahab, Moby Dick)Typee : A Peep at Plynesian Life (1846)Omoo : A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847)Mardi : And a Voyage Thither (1849)Redburn : His First Voyage (1849)White Jacket / The World in a Man-of-War (1850)Pierre / The Ambiguities (18
23、52)The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857)Bartleby the Scrivener (1853)Benito Cereno (1855)Billy Budd (1889, 1924)Clarel (1876)7. Edgar Allan Poe (1809 1849)Originator and father of detective storyFather of psychoanalytic criticismTales of the Grotesque and ArabesqueFall of the House of the UsherT
24、he Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841)The Raven (1844)“Annable Lee”“To Helen”“Alone”“The Tell-Tale Heart”The Philosophy of Composition (1846)The Poetic Principle (1850)8. Walt Whitman (1819 1892)A poet of free verse; Transitional figureLeaves of Grass (1855 to 1892 nine editions)（12 poems -383 poems)“S
25、ong of Myself” (1855) (1336 lines)“O Captain! My Captain!”“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomd”“I Hear America Singing”9. Emily Dickinson (1830 - 1886)Of the 1775 poem, only 7 poem were published in her lifetimeThe Poems of Emily Dickinson (1955 Thomson H. Johnson)“My Life Closed Twice Before It
26、s Close”“Wild Nights Wild Nights”“Death is a Dialogue Between”“I Reckon When I Count at all”“Tell all the Truth but tell it Slant”William Cullen Bryant (1794 1878)“To a Waterfowl” (the most perfect brief poem in the language)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 1882)Post-romanticistThe Song of HiawathaE
27、vangelineHarriet Beecher StoweabolitionistUncle Toms CabinThe Age of Realism (1865 1914)1. William Dean Howells (1837 - 1920)Champion (arbiter) of literary realism in AmericaThe Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)Criticism and Fiction (1891)Their Wedding JourneyA Modern Instance (1882)The Ministers ChargeA
28、World of ChanceAnnie KilburnA Hazard of New Fortunes (1890)2. Henry James (1843 - 1916)First modern psychological analyst (Founder of psychological realism) (stream-of-consciousness)Psychological realistThe American (1877)Daisy Miller (1878)The Portrait of a Lady (1881) (Isabel Archer)The Turn of th
29、e Screw (1898)What Maisie KnewThe Ambassadors (1903)The Wings of the Dove (1902) The Golden Bowl (1904)The Ivory TowerThe Sense of the PastThe American SceneMadame de Mauves“The Art of Fiction”Local Colorism3. Mark Twain (1835 - 1910)Samuel Langhorne Clemens“the true father of our national literatur
30、e”Local color; colloquial speech; vernacular language;“a boy and an old man, but never was he a man”Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyThe Gilded Age (1873)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)Life on the Mississippi (1883)A Connecticut Yankee in King A
31、rthurs Court (1889)The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900)The Mysterious Stranger (1916)Autobiography (1924)Innocents Abroad (1869)Roughing It (1872)Puddnhead WilsonThe Prince and the Pauper (1882)American Claimant (1892)Following the Equator Disgraceful Persecution of a BoyGoldsmiths Friend Abroad
32、 AgainThe Treaty with ChinaTo the Person Sitting in Darkness4. Bret Harte (1836 - 1902)The Luck of Roaring Camp (1868)The Outcasts of Poker FlatHamlin Garland (1860 - 1940)veritism 真实主义The Main-Traveled Roads (1891)（collection of six short stories)Crumbling Idols: Twelve Essays on Art Dealing Chiefl
33、y with Literature, Painting and the Drama (1894)The Country of the Pointed Firs (1896)Louisa May AlcottLittle WomenKate Chopin（1850 - 1904）The AwakeningNaturalism5. Stephen Crane (1871 - 1900)Pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic traditionPioneer in the field of modern poetry (Imagist poetry)First A
34、merican naturalistMaggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) (first naturalistic novel)The Black Riders (1895) (poems)The Red Badge of Courage (1895) (first anti-war novel)The Blue HotelAn Experiment in MiseryOpen Boat (1897)The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky (1898)The Monster “A Man Said to the Universe”“A Ma
35、n Adrift on a Slim Spar”6. Benjamin Frank Norris (1870 - 1902)McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (1899)The Octopus: A Story of California (1901)The Pit: A Story of Chicago (1903)The Wolf: A Story of Europe The Responsibilities of the Novelist (1903)7. Theodore Dreiser (1871- 1945)Frank Cowperwood Tr
36、ilogy of Desire“the worlds worst great writer”Sister Carrie (1900) (Hurstwood)Jennie Gerhardt (1911)The Genius (1915) (autobiographic)The Financier (1912)The Titan (1912)The Stoic (1947)An American Tragedy (1925)The Bulwark (1946)Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928)Tragic American (1931)8. Edwin Arlington
37、 Robinson (1860 - 1935)Man Against the SkyRichard CoryMiniver CheevyFlammonde9. Jack London (1876 - 1916)Darwinian naturalistThe Call of the Wild (1903)White Fang (1906)The Sea Wolf (1904)The Iron HeelMartin Eden (autobiographic)The Son of the Wolf (1900)10. O. Henry (1862 - 1910)William Sidney PorterImitated French writer De MaupassantThe Gift of the MagiThe Cop and the AnthemAn Unfinished StoryThe Furnished RoomThe Voice of the City11. Upton Sinclair (1878 - 1896)the Muckraking MovementThe Jungle (1906)
