1、语法专题 专题二 名词I、重点难点解析 名词的高考命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。一 名词的分类及常见用法可数名词个体名词teacher, student, piano功能集体名词family, committee, people名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语或状语不可数名词物质名词wood, water
2、, steel抽象名词friendship, progress专有名词John, Smith, Beijing名词所有格一般由名词右上方+s；以s结尾的名词单复数只加“”表有生命的东西或时间,空间,距离,价格,重量等名词的所有格如：Womens Day, an hours walk,students reading-room, todays paper 介词of名词无生命的东西的名词所有格如：a map of China, the top of the mountain可数名词的复数规则变化1.一般词后+sdays, boys, Americans2.s, x, sh, ch结尾+esbuse
3、s,dishes;(stomachs除外)3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+esbabies, factories4.以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v+esleaves,wives;(roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,safes除外)5.以o结尾，有生命+es，无生命+sheroes,potatoes;pianos,radios(hippos, bamboos)除外6.数字的复数+s或 “s”in the 1930s/1930s不规则变化1改变词中元音字母woman-women, goose-geeseman-men,foot-feet,tooth-
4、teeth2形式复数，意义单数news,maths,politics, economics等3单复同形means,deer,sheep,fish,works(工厂),species, Chinese等4其它child-children, bacterium-bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena等二 名词其他需要注意的几点：1 名词的数1） 复合名词变为复数的规则 有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。2） 集体名词的数 有些集体
5、名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。 注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。 有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。 有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：classfamily，couple，audience，government，public等。 The whole family are watching TV now全家人现在都在看电视。 His family is a big one他家是个大家族。3） 只能用复数形式的名词 由两部分构成的
6、名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，scales，compasses等。 4） the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs5） 具有双重特性的名词 (1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词 a room房间一room空间 a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉 an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意 (2)单、复数意思不同的名词 arm手臂一arms武器 brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关 force力量一forc
7、es军队 regard注意,关心一regards问候 time时间一times时代 work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪 content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件 expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林2 名词的所有格1） 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Mas room李和马共有的房间
8、; Lis and Mas rooms李和马各自的房间2） 表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Lis李家，the doctors诊所；the barbers理发店3） 所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：Chinas prosperity中国的繁荣 the countrys plan国家计划4） of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子5） 双重所有格 “of +名词的s所有格
9、或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾语必须是人，而且是特指。如： an old friend of my uncles我叔叔的一个老朋友 a play of Shakespeares莎士比亚的一部戏剧 some houses of my grandfathers我爷爷的一些房子3 名词作定语1） 一般用单数形式。如：country music乡村音乐 shoe shops鞋店 traffic lights交通灯 注意：sports，customs，arms，clothes，sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如： sports meeting运动会 customs offi
10、ciers海关官员 arms production武器生产 2） man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：men doctors男医生 women teachers女老师II、实战演练一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：1. There are fifty-six _ (people) in China.2. We need much _ (room) for all the furniture.3. This kind of dress was popular in the _ (1980)4. _ (girl) students and _ (woman) teachers ar
11、e in the majority in our school.5. There used to be a lot of milu _ (deer) in China.6. These are art _ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.7. _ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.8. We can see many _ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.9. I had my hair cut short at the _ (
12、barber) nearby yesterday.10. On the whole, he was a _ (fail) in his life.11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise .12. Now more and more people prefer to have a _ at home-a little dog, a cat or some other animals.13. My parents always let me have my own _
13、of living.14. We volunteered to collect money to help the _ of the earthquake.15. We all know that _ speak louder than words.二 语法填空Charles Pink was a young 1 (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theatre and 2 (party). His car was one of the b
14、est in his city. He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).One day about thirty 5 (yearly) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country
15、 7 engine of the little machine failed.Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .三、完形填空
16、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Do some FL (Foreign Language) reading every day and try to finish one FL book at least every week. You are no doubt 21 with little spare time, and this may sound unrealistic. But if you read in the 22 described, it is perfectly possible. The key
17、 is to be honest with yourself about 23 you really enjoy: thrillers, womens magazines, newspapers-it really doesnt matter what you read as 24 as it genuinely interests you, because that is the only certain way to make yourself read. It is 25 to reach good speeds by practising on material that is dif
18、ficult or dull. If you pursue this program for only few months, you should achieve a very marked increase in your reading 26 . What you do with your FL reading skill when you have developed it is to study for a further qualification. The 27 is that in order to develop the 28 , a great deal of practi
19、ce on easy interesting materials is essential. If you can 29 this to yourself by developing your own reading skill by this method, your teaching will carry the certainty that comes only from 30 .21. A. bored B. helpless C. free D. busy22. A. key B. problem C. way D. job23. A. which B. when C. whoD.
20、what24. A. much B. good C. longD. well25. A. impossible B. possible C. necessaryD. easy26. A. efficiency B. effects C. methodD. capacity27. A. question B. point C. ideaD. problem28. A. habit B. idea C. skill D. task29. A. realize B. tell C. improveD. prove30. A. work B. experience C. theoryD. doing答案： 1. peoples2. room3. 1980s/1980s 4. Girl, women5. deer6 works7.Childrens 8. editors-in-chief9. barbers 10. failure11. lack12. pet 13. way14.victims 15. actions答案：1. Canadian 2. parties 3. a 4. enjoyments 5. years 6. Mexico 7. the 8. height 9. fields 10. them21-30 DCDCA ABCDB第 4 页 共 4 页
