1、动词与动词短语,一、及物动词与不及物动词 常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, discover, educate, enjoy, explain, forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise等。,知识梳理,常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有： 1. 直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise, read, return, show, teach, tell, lend等。 2. 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy,
2、choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save, spare等。 3. 既可加to，也可加for的动词：do, get, play, sing等。,常见的不及物动词主要有：ache, agree, apologize, appear, arrive, come, go, cry, dance, die, disappear, dream, exist, fall, flow, graduate, sit, stand, stay, wait, rise, lie, happen等。,二、延续性动词与终止性动
3、词 延续性动词可用于完成时，与以下几种时间状语连用：for +段时间，since +点时间，since +一段时间+ago，since +从句（一般过去时）等。常见的这类动词有：have, possess, keep, know, learn, live, read, sleep, wait, work, look, hear, smell等。,终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定形式多与until / till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until / till .”的句型，意为“直到才”。如： I will not go to bed until I fi
4、nish drawing the picture tonight.,三、常见的短语动词有以下五种： 1. 动词+介词“动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agree on, burst into, call on, consist of, deal with, depend / rely on, die of / from, dream of, feel like, get into, hear from, insist on, look / stare / glare at, prepare for, result in,
5、 set about等。,2. 动词+副词 1) 用作及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有bring up, cut off, figure out, put out, take down, take over, throw away, turn down, turn over等。 2) 用作不及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有break down, die away, give in, go ahead, hang on, run away, stand out, set off, wake up等。,3. 动词+名词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of, compare not
6、es with, declare war on / upon, get rid of, have a word with, make fun of, make use of, make preparations for, pay attention to, take care of, take hold of, take advantage of, take charge of等。,4. 动词+副词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with, come up with, date back to, put up with, go in for, run out of等。 5. b
7、e +形容词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：be accustomed / used to, be afraid of, be devoted to, be fond of, be familiar with, be famous for, be fit / suitable for等。,动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括： 1. 动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。,考点归纳,If steel is he
8、avier than water, why are ships able to _ on the sea? 【2015浙江】 A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split,2. 动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get, turn, make, put, go, give, break, cut, come, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry
9、, pull, catch, call, take等。,除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如： polish抛光， 磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申); sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说(引申); break down发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申); look into向里面看(本意)调查，研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意；work out基本意思为“解决， 算出，制订出”，还有“锻炼”的意思。,Body language can _ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms f
10、olded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 【2015浙江】take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away,3. 考查无关联的动词辨析做这类试题时，应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。 Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently. 【2015浙江】 A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download,4. 考查动词搭配这类
11、试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭配。 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 【2015天津】have B. make C. display D. bring,热点考向 1 动词词义辨析 1. 主要考点: 考查常见动词词义辨析。强调 语言的情境化, 把动词放在语境中进行考查。 2. 突破技巧: 这类试题的选项往往结构相同, 词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题, 必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特
12、点等方面入手, 然后结合题意选用合适的动词。,热点预测,热点考向 2 高频动词短语意义辨析 主要考点: 考查主要集中于高频的动词短语, 如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold, keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语。需要特别关注:,1. breakbreak away from 放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解break in 闯入, 插嘴break into 闯入brea
13、k out (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up 打碎, 分手, 分开, 关系破裂,2. bringbring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in 引进; 带来; 赚得; 收获bring forward 提出; 提前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐,3. callcall for 要求; 需要; 去取或去接call back 回电话; 回忆起call in 召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up 打电话给; 召集; 使想起call off 取消call on 号召, 拜
14、访,4. comecome about 发生come to 苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true 实现, 成为现实(不及物)come out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with 提出(建议、计划等)come on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油; (不耐烦)得了, 算了吧!,5. getget across 解释清楚; 使被理解get away from 避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get around 四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along
15、/on with 进展; 与相处get over 克服; 恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话,6. givegive away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out 分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽give up 放弃,7. gogo against 违背; 不利于; 反对go ahead 开始(做某事); (表同意)go around 参观; (消息)传播go by 过去; 经过go down 下降; 下沉go on 继续; 发生; 进行go over 复习, 仔细检查go t
16、hrough 穿过; 经历; 仔细检查go with 与相配go without 没有也行,8. holdhold back 犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on=hang on 别挂断; 等一会儿; 坚持hold out 坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to 紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃,9. keepkeep away from 远离; 避开keep back 留下; 隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身于外; 避开keep up 保持; 继续; 不低落keep up with 跟上; keep an eye out
17、 for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on 照看; 密切注视,10. leaveleave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out 遗漏, 忽略,11. looklook around 环顾四周look away from 把目光从移开look into 调查; 窥视look back on/upon 回忆，回顾look up 查找, 查询; 向上看look up to 尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to 盼望; 期待look through 浏览; 快速查看lo
18、ok out (for) 当心, 留意, 小心look on 旁观,12. makemake use of 利用make up 组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致make sense 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make it 成功,13. putput aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away 收拾, 整理; 储存put back 把放回原处; 推迟put forward 提出; 拨快put down 记下, 写下, 镇压
19、put out 伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up 建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with 忍受; 容忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演,14. setset aside 划出; 留出; 拨出set about doing sth. 着手做某事set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off 动身; 引起; 使爆炸set up 建立, 创立,15. turnturn away 走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out 结果是, 证明是; 生产turn over 翻转;
20、翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against 反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于,16. taketake after 长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺take up 从事; 占据(时间、空间); 着手处理; 接着做,take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗 take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on 呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用 take over 接管, 接收 take advantage of 利用 take it easy 放松, 别紧张 t
21、ake your time 慢慢来, 别着急 take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 take action 采取行动,热点考向 3 常见的系动词的用法 1. 表示变化类的系动词，如: become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, make等。 2. 表示感觉类的系动词，如: feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3. 表示状态类的系动词，如: keep, remain, stand, stay, lie等。 4. 表示“像”类系动词，主要有seem, appear, look, 表示“看起来，似乎，显得”。,5.
22、 此类系动词的特点：只适用于主动语态；只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。,热点考向 4 动词的一词多义用法 很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有： 1. act (v. & n. 行动)e.g. It will take several hours before the drug really acts. ( vi. 起作用) 2. address (n. 地址；vt. 写地址)e.g. President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening o
23、f May 7. (vt. 向做演说),3. appreciate (vt. 欣赏，感激，感谢)e.g. They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (v. 意识到) 4. attend (vt. 参加，出席) e.g. With several patients to attend that night, the nurse felt very tired. (vt. 照料，照顾)With three kids attending high school in the town, the couple had to
24、work day and night to earn more money. (vt. 上学),5. count (n. & v. 计数，数)e.g. It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts. (v. 重要，有价值) 6. escape (vi. 逃跑，逃脱)e.g. I saw a familiar face in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (vt. 被忘掉)The harmful gases are escapi
25、ng from the pipe. (vi. 泄漏，漏出),7. fail (vi. 失败)e.g. Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter. (vi. 不足，缺乏)With time passing by, his memory is failing. (vi. 衰退)Try as the family might, they failed to find the lost child in the town. (vi. 未能) 8. introduce (vt. 介绍)e.g. When tomatoes were first introduced
26、into Europe, they didnt accept them at all. (vt. 引入),9. make (vt. 制造)e.g. New laws have been made to protect the interests of the farmers. (vt. 制定)He is making his own trouble by doing this. (vt. 引起，导致，造成)She will make a great teacher. (vt. 成为，使形成),10. observe (vt. 观察)e.g. Having lived abroad for ma
27、ny years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (vt. 遵守)Every year, we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (vt. 庆祝) 11. work (v. & n. 工作)e.g. The medicine will soon work. (vi. 起作用)The machine works very well. (vi. 运转),1. Tom had to _ the invitation to the part
28、y last weekend because he was too busy. 【2015天津】A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to 【解析】上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请， 因为他太忙了。turn in 上交；turn down拒 绝；turn over 移交；turn to求助。,真题自测,2. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _ our emotions than for straight facts. 【2015浙江】A.
29、block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across 【解析】我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较 清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我 们的。block off 封锁，appeal to 吸引， subscribe to 订阅，come across遇到。,3. If you have any doubts about your health, youd better_ your doctor at once. 【2015天津】A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect 【解析】如果你对你的健康有任何疑
30、问，你最 好立刻向你的医生咨询。convince 说服； consult咨询；avoid 避免；affect影响。,4. Peter will _ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 【2015陕西】A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up 【解析】Peter在下月底将从事旅行社负责人 的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；put up竖 立；搭建；add up加起来；break up结束；分 解。,5. The whole team _ Cristi
31、ano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.【2015江苏】A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on 【解析】全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多， 他从未让他们失望。A“服侍，等待”；B“集中 （注意力）于”；C“指望”；D“呼吁，拜访”。,6. If you come to visit China, you will _ a culture of amazing depth and variety. 【2015安徽】A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experien
32、ce 【解析】如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到 一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养； B创造；C代替；D经历。,7. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs. 【2015湖北】 A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain 【解析】为了能够被听到，她手指向上指， 示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私 语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项 “（正式）宣称”；D项“抱怨”。,用适当的动词
33、填空。 1. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ voice to her opinion on the subject. （天津2016） 2. Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. （天津2016） 3. I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to _ on a conversation with
34、her.（天津2016）,gave,take,carry,4. Many businesses started up by college students have _ off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. （江苏2016） 5. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _ us.（浙江2016）,taken,divide,I. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。 1. We all agreed tha
35、t the cottage would _ (make / turn) a perfect holiday home for the family. 2. The beautiful clouds maybe _ (promise / record) a fine day tomorrow. 3. While Im working I dont want people to come to my desk just to _ (ignore / interrupt) me.,巩固练习,make,promise,interrupt,4. It is said that a plan is bei
36、ng made that will_ (cost / charge) users for downloading music from the Internet, but the price will be very low. 5. Parents and children should communicate more to _ (narrow / leave) the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. 6. With the heavy burden of study, more and more
37、 childrens eyesight is beginning to _ (fall / fail).,charge,narrow,fall,7. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to _ (decline / differ) from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. 8. The parents only _ (concerned / involved) themselves with making money and ignored the
38、left-behind childrens education and life. 9. During the Spring Festival, friends may gettogether to _ (comfort / greet) each other and wish each other good luck.,decline,concerned,greet,10. In general, do not ask people questions such as how much they _ (gain / earn) in Australia.,earn,II. 选用方框内合适的短
39、语动词并用其正确形式填空（每个短语动词限用一次）。,1. Rod loves _ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. 2. You have to _ the things behind you that you may not be aware of.,taking apart,watch out for,3. After many years hard work, he _ his parents expectation and went to a key university. 4. Mary is
40、really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says. 5. That Peter has spent too much time reading novels recently may _ his poor grade in the exam.,lived up to,put down,account for,6. The six-party talk is a practical way to solveissues and we should _ the effective p
41、latform. 7. Mary, as well as Jim, will be very busy at that time. Wed better _ another time for the activity. 8. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because theair-conditioning system _.,make good use of,agree on,broke down,9. How did it _ that you missed so good a chance, which was very important for your promotion in the company? 10. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.,come about,keep up,
