1、out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Thi
2、rd, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do “four“, that is, find the problem faster, editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to i
3、mplement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit infor
4、mation to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and
5、skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry o
6、ut inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the peoples livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the pr
7、oblem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervi
8、sion, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized s
9、trictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the
10、 Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. T
11、hird is to solve the problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve thefeelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, set up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement
12、 the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory role of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist
13、 on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate every aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized manage
14、ment to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number of messages, compress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling eff
15、iciency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handling regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications management to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to im
16、prove the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Committee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the
17、meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. To vigorously streamline meetings, activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and entertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, recepti
18、on services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, reception services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthening the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, m
19、ore human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care more humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Co
20、nfidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidentiality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors of security management, to advance privacy management standardizati
21、on, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and security enforcement, ensure the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology development临床医学教学模式简介提高人才培养质量是加强医学教育工作的核心， 国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要（2010-2020） 特别强调高等教育改革
22、的重点应放在提高质量上来，人才培养模式的改革是提高医学教育质量的关键。随着中国本科医学教育标准的推出、医学专业认证工作的开展，对于高等医学院校，进行改革和创新人才培养模式，已经成为医学教育关注和改革的重点。临床医学作为医学教育的重中之重，临床医学的教学对于我国医学人才的培养显得尤为重要。临床医学是一门实践性很强的学科，而临床教学阶段则是医学生迈入临床医师生涯的第一步，是知识型向能力型转化的关键性教学环节。一、 PBL 教学法在临床医学教学中的应用 基于问题的学习 (Problem-Based Learning，简称 PBL，也称作问题式学习)，最早起源于 20 世纪 50 年代的医学教育，后来
23、扩展到包括教育学院、商学院、工程学院的教学改革中，已成为国际上较为流行的教学方法。目前，PBL 医学教育已经开始成为我国医学临床教学改革探索的新方向。1. PBL 的历史及概念PBL 医学教育是以问题为基础，以医学生为主体，以小组讨论为形式，在辅导教师的参与下，围绕某一医学专题或具体病例的诊治等问题进行研究的学习过程。早在 1956 年，Bloom 等人在比较了不out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we o
24、f research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back f
25、or the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do “four“, that is, find the problem faster, editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is t
26、he life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On t
27、he negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek pract
28、ical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the peoples live
29、lihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the problem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the
30、most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervision, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of
31、 the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized strictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To
32、this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urge
33、nt. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Third is to solve the problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve th
34、efeelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, set up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on
35、some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory role of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the part
36、y Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate every aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized management to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing
37、 messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number of messages, compress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling efficiency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handlin
38、g regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications management to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to improve the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Commit
39、tee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. To vigorously streamline meetings,
40、 activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and entertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, reception services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, recep
41、tion services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthening the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, more human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care m
42、ore humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Confidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidenti
43、ality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors of security management, to advance privacy management standardization, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and security enforcement, ensu
44、re the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology development同学习方法的学习效率后提出了 PBL 的概念。随后，这一概念得到了医学教育者的关注。1983 年，Schmidt 详细论证了 PBL 教学方法的优点，倡议在医学教育中使用 PBL 作为传统教学的补充。从此，对 PBL 的研究在世界医学教育领域展开，得到了较高评价。许多国家开始在医学教育中采用 PBL。PBL 与传统教学法有明显区别。首先，学生们针对具体医学概念或病例提出问
45、题，确定自己的学习目标, 随后进行独立资料收集、自学、研究等工作，最后回到小组中进行充分的讨论。这种方法使学生在提出问题、解决问题以及寻找答案的过程中获取知识，培养能力。可见，PBL 并不是侧重于问题本身的解决，其特点是打破学科界限，围绕问题编制综合课程，以塑造学生的独立自主性，培养创新力和理解获取新知识、有效运用知识、解决新问题的能力为教学目标。PBL 的教学有许多不同的方法，但是都遵循基本的原则和步骤。2. PBL 的基本授课方法Albanese 对 PBL 的授课方法给予一个基本的阐述。典型的 PBL 课程是由 810 个学生和一个教师组成一个研究小组。教师仅负责控制课程的进度。小组成员
46、在一定时期内保持稳定以便形成较好的团队关系。在每一次特定的情节教学中，由学生选出一个主席和一个记录员。课程开始时，根据所用教学材料（见后）的不同，由主席宣读或者大家一起阅读病例资料。如果使用真实病人，通常要求学生询问病史或者确定异常体征，然后回到教室讨论。学生可以得到out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision v
47、ision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submis
48、sion of information to do “four“, that is, find the problem faster, editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily
49、 qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented,
