1、之2008 年 12 月大学英语六级真题试题及答案(A 卷)2008年12月大学英语六级真题试题及答案(A 卷)一、阅读理解第1题：sustainable development is applied to just about eberything from energy to clean water and economic growth,and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use
2、.this is especially true in agriculture,where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of histrorcal and cultural perspectives.To start with,it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history,
3、and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed,clothed and shelered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today.it had minimal effect on biodiversity,and any pollution it caused was typically localized.in termsof energy use and the nut
4、rients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial petion from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields.throughout this period food became cheaper,safe and more reliable.however,these changes have alsoled to habitat
5、 loss and to diminishing biodiversity.Whatsmore,demand for animal products in developing countrics is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and in dustry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in man
6、y regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.this will require radical thinking.for example,we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.we also need to abandon
7、the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability,which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.instead we need a more dynamic interpretation,one that looks at the pros and cons of all the
8、various way land is used.there are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield:energy use, environmental costs,water purity,carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example,that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from spain to the UKIs less than that of pro
9、ducing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting.but we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.1. How do people ofen measure progress in agr
10、iculture?A) By its productivity C) By its impact on the environmetB) By its sustainability D) By its contribution to economic growth2. Specialisation and the effort to incease yields have esulted in_.A) Localised pollution C) competition from overseasB) the shrinking of farmland D) the decrease of b
11、iodiversity3.What does the author think of traditional farming practices?A)They have remained the same over the centuriesB)They have not kept pace with population growthC)They are not necessarily sustainableD)They are environmentally friendly4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st centuryA) It w
12、ill go through radical changesB) It will supply more animal productsC) It will abandon traditional farming practicesD) It will cause zero damage to the environment5 What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A) To remind people of the need of sustainable developmentB) To suggest ways of ens
13、uring sustainable food productionC) To adance new criteria for measuring farming progressD) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is1小题、 【正确答案】：B2小题、 【正确答案】：D3小题、 【正确答案】：C4小题、 【正确答案】：A5小题、 【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第2题：The percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present) in the Un
14、ited states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point ince the mid1920sWe are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluing Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of th
15、e wrong sort fo necomers.Their loudest citecs argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot,and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong.In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary American
16、s and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail , to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than thir paren
17、ts UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continme. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson,of the University of Michigan,has foud a simila rend among black Caribbean immigrants,Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow
18、in the footsteps of American blacks-that largeparts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and Underachievement . Like African-Americans, Mexican-americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandyrd schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any 儿童会
19、nic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to ad
20、opt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about ho wto ensure that people , once outsiders , dont fovever remain marginalized within these shores.That
21、is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the l
22、asest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right。1.How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?A)They were of inferior races.B)They were a Source of political corruption.C)They were a threat to the nations security.D)They were part of the nation
23、s bloodstream.2.What does the author think of the new immigrants?A)They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B)They can do just as well as their predecessors.C)They will be very disappointed on the new land.D)They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.3.What does Edward Telles research say
24、about Mexican-Americans?A)They may slowlu improve from generation to generation.B)They will do better in terms of deucationl attainment.C)They will melt into the African-American community.D)They may forever remain poor and underachieving.4.What should be done to help the new immigrants?A)Rid them o
25、f their inferiority complex.B)Urge them to adopt American customs.C)prevent them from being marginalized.D)Teach them standard American English.5.According to the author,the burning issue concerning immigrationg is_.A)how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB)how to help immigrant
26、s to better fit into American societyC)how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the corderD)how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.1小题、 【正确答案】：A2小题、 【正确答案】：B3小题、 【正确答案】：D4小题、 【正确答案】：C5小题、 【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第3题：One of the major producers of athletic footwear, with 2002 sales o
27、f over $10 billion, is a company called Nike, with corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Forbes magazine identified Nikes president, Philip Knight, as the 53rd-richest man in the world in 2004. But Nike has not always been a large multimillion-dollar organization. In fact, Knight started the
28、company by selling shoes from the back of his car at track meets.In the late 1950s Philip Knight was a middle-distance runner on the University of Oregon track team, coached by Bill Bowerman. One of the top track coaches in the U.S., Bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of runni
29、ng shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. After attending Oregon, Knight moved on to do graduate work at Stanford University; his MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. Once he received his degree, Knight traveled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company, a man
30、ufacturer of athletic shoes. Knight convinced the companys officials of the potential for its product in the U.S. In 1963 he received his first shipment of Tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total.In 1964, Knight and Bowerman contributed $500 each to from Blue Ribbon Sports, the predecessor of Nike. In the f
31、irst few years, Knight distributed shoes out of his car at local track meets. The first employees hired by Knight were former college athletes. The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those k
32、nowledgeable in the field. In its early years the organization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized its innovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. Communication was informal; people discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or over a beer. There was littl
33、e task differentiation. There were no job descriptions, rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowermans teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial style of management that characterized the early years of Nik
34、es.1. While serving as a track coach, Bowerman tried to design running shoes that were 2. During his visit to Japan, Knight convinced the officials of the Onitsuka Tiger Company that its product would have 3. Blue Ribbon Sports as unable to hire experts due to the absence of in North America.4. In t
35、he early years of Nike, communication within the company was usually carried out 5. What qualities of Bowermans teams formed the basis of Nikes early management style?1小题【参考答案】：lighter and more shock-absorbent.2小题【参考答案】：potentials in the U.S.3小题【参考答案】：established athletic footwear in North America.4
36、小题【参考答案】：informally.5小题【参考答案】：The team spirit and shared valves of the athlets.三、翻译第4题：1. He designed the first suspension bridge , which . (把美观与功能完美地结合起来) 。2.It was very dark, but Mary seemed to . (本能地知道该走哪条路。)3. I dont think it advisable that parents (剥夺孩子们的自由) to spend their spare time as they wi
37、sh.4. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and (与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低) 。5.Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating .(为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选) 。【参考答案】：1.made a perfect combination of beauty and function2.know which way to take instinctively3.(should) deprive children of their freedom 4.a lower death rate compared with relatively inactive people5.why you would be the best candidate
