1、中学阶段英语最常用的九个介词一.at1. 动词+ atat 表示“ 指向某一目标，到达某地”：arrive at 抵达, call at 访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at 攻击, fire at 向开火, glance at 瞟一眼, glare at 怒目而视 , grieve at 忧伤，knock at 敲, laugh at 嘲笑, look at 看一眼, pull at 拉扯, rejoice at 对高兴，smile at 向某人微笑, shoot at 朝射击 , stare at 怒目而视 , thrust at 刺向, tear at 撕, t
2、remble at 颤抖，wonder at 吃惊，work at 工作。例如：Dont let me catch you again at it. 不要再让我当场逮住你。We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我们必须有的放矢。They trembled at the sight of the peasants spears. 看到农民的梭标，他们阵阵发抖。2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at其中 at 表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某种感情”：be angry at 恼怒于, be alarmed at 对 保持警觉,be astonish
3、ed at 对吃惊, be bad at 不擅长, be clever at 对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴，be disgusted at 厌恶, be disappointed at 对失望，be good at 擅长, be impatient at 对不够耐心, be mad at 狂热于,be pleased at 对感到高兴, be present at 出席, be satisfied at 满意,be surprised at 吃惊, be shocked at 对非常震惊，be terrified at 受到的恐吓,be quick at 对很机敏。例如：
4、They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies. 他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。 3. at+名词构成的词组at a distance 在一定距离，at a loss 不知所措，at a time 一次，at all 一点也不，at any cost 不惜一切代价，at best 最好也只是，at first 起初，at hand 手头， at heart 在内心里，at h
5、ome 在家; 无拘束， at last 最后，at least 至少，at most 最多，at once 马上，at present 目前，at sea 不知所措，at times 有时， at will 任意地，at work 起作用，at worst 最坏。4. 其它含有 at 的短语work hard at 勤奋工作，drop in at 顺路拜访。二、to11.动词+toa) 动词+ to。介词 to 意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to 适应, attend to 处理;照料, agree to 赞同, amount to 加起来达，belong to 属于, come to
6、 达到, drink to 为干杯，get to 到达, happen to 发生在某人身上, hold to 紧握, lead to通向, listen to 听, occur to 想起, object to 反对, point to 指向, respond to回答, refer to 参考;指的是 ;涉及, reply to 回答, see to 负责,stick to 坚持, turn to 求助, write to 给某人写信。例如：She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。Business has
7、 to be attended to. 有事要办。An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。b) 动词(+sth.)+to+sb.下列动词不能直接带间接宾语 sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动词后加介词to：announce to 通知某人 , describe to 向某人描述, explain to 向某人解释, express to 对某人表达, mention to 提及, nod to 向某人点头, report to 报告, say to 告知, shout to 对某人大叫, suggest to 对某人提建议,speak to 与某人交谈, talk to 跟某
8、人谈话 , whisper to 和某人低声耳语。例如：She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。c) 动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.此时介词 to 可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to 增加, compare to 比作, carry to 运送至, devote to 致力于,introduce to 介绍给, invite to 邀请参加, join to 连接到, leave to 委托给,reduce to 下降至, sentence
9、to 判处, take to 带到。例如：Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。2be +形容词/过去分词+ toto 的意思是“对”：be alive to 觉察; 晓得 ,be attentive to 注意; 留心, be awake to 知晓, be blind to 缺乏眼光,be close to 紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to 违反;反对, be devoted to 致力,
10、 be deaf to 不愿意听, be equal to 有 的力量,be exposed to 暴露;遭受, be fair to对 公平, be familiar to 对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to 对某人心存感激, be good to 对 有好处, be harmful to 对有危害,be important to 对 重要, be kind to 友好对待, be known to 周知于,be married to 嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to 靠近 ,be necessary to 对 有必要, be opposite to 在
11、对面, be opposed to 反对,be pleasant to 合某人之意, be proper to 专属, be polite to 礼貌待人,be rude to 粗暴对待, be relative to 与有关, be strange to 不习惯,be similar to 类似, be suitable to 适合, be true to 忠实,be thankful to 感激, be useful to 对有用, be used to 习惯。例如：Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗 ?The old man wa
12、s not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。3to+名词构成的词组to a degree 在某种程度上, to date 到现在为止,to ones feet 跳起来，to ones mind 照看来 , to ones surprise 使 吃惊,to ones taste 符合胃口, to oneself 独自享用, to order 定做,to the letter 不折不扣地, to the point 中肯地。三、about1. 动词+about+sthabo
13、ut 在此表示“论及，谈起，涉及，着手”等意思：arrange about 安排，argue about 辩论, ask about 询问，bring about 带来，chat about 闲聊，care about 在意，complain about 报怨，go about 着手，hear about听说, inquire about 打听,know about 了解， quarrel about 争论，read about 读到, see about 负责处理，set about 开始 , speak about 谈起, talk about 谈论, think about 考虑, tr
14、ouble about 担心，tell about 讲述，worry about 着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法：She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢?2. be +形容词+about+sthabout 在此意思是“为，对” ，接表原因的词：be anxious about为 着急, be bad about 对感到不舒服，be busy about 忙于,be careful about
15、 小心, be certain about 对 有把握, be concerned about 关心,be crazy about 为发狂，be excited about 为感到激动, be happy about为 而高兴,be mad about 为发疯，be nervous about 对感到紧张, be particular about 挑剔,be pleased about 为兴奋， be strict about 对严格，be thoughtful about 对 考虑周到的，be uneasy about 为感受到不安。例句：What have you been busy ab
16、out today? 今天在忙些什么?You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。Im strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。注：come about 发生，get about(疾病、谣言)流行，turn about 转身，leave about 到处乱放，lie about 随便堆放，put about 打扰;传播，put oneself about 使 发愁。这些词组中 about 作副词，此时 about 不能接宾语。四、for11. 动词+fora) 动词+for。for 表原
17、因、目的：account for 解释; 说明, answer for 对负责,apply for 申请 ;请求 , apologize for 为 而道歉, beg for 请求, call for 要求,care for在意, enter for 报名参加, fight for 为而战, hope for 希望,inquire for 查询;求见, leave for 离开某地到另一地, look for 寻找, long for 盼望,mistake for误认为, plan for 计划做某事 , prepare for 为 作准备,provide for 为提供, reach for
18、 伸手去拿 , run for 竞选, stand for 象征,search for 搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for 陈述意见、愿望, take for 当作, wish for 希望, wait for等待。例如：His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。The baby reached for the apple but couldnt reach it.那婴儿伸手去苹果，但够不着。He who would search for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必须潜到海底。b) 动词+sb
19、.+ for +sth.。for 表示原因或目的：ask for 要求得到,blame for 因责备, excuse for宽恕, forgive for 谅解, pardon for 原谅,pay for 花钱买, praise for 称赞, punish for 对进行惩罚,push for 催逼，reward for 酬谢, thank for 对表示谢意。例如：Please excuse me for my being late. 请原谅我的迟到。Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 请见谅，让你久等了。2be +形容词+forfor 表作用
20、、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等：be anxious for 急于做, be eager for 渴望, be bad for 有害于,be convenient for 便于, be good for 利于, be famous for 以出名,be fit for 适合于, be grateful for 对心存感激, be impatient for 对不耐烦,be late for 迟到, be necessary for 有必要, be ready for 作好准备,be sorry for 为 而后悔, be responsible for 对 负责,be suitable for
21、适合于, be unfit for 不适合, be useful for 对有作用。例如：He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。The government is responsible for the nations welfare. 政府负责民众的福利。3for+名词构成的词组for all 尽管，for a song 非常便宜地，for certain 确切地，for company陪着，for ever 永远，for example 例如，for fear 以免，for fair 肯定地，for free 免费，for fun 为了好玩， for good 永远
22、，for instance 比方，for luck祝福，for life 终身，for long 长久，for nothing 白白地，for once 有生第一次，for oneself 替自己， for pleasure 为了消遣， for reason 因为理由，for sale 供出售，for shame 真不害臊，for short 简称，for sport 好玩，for sure 确切地。4 动词+副词/名词+for 构成的短语be in for 将遇到，make up for 弥补，go in for 从事，look out for 提防，take sth. for granted 把 当作理所当然,have an ear for 音感好, have a gift for 有某方面的天赋
