1、第 15 讲_疑问句和感叹句知识图谱-疑问句-感叹句一般疑问句和特殊疑问句选择疑问句和反义疑问句 What 引导的感叹句 How 引导的感叹句第 15 讲_疑问句和感叹句错题回顾疑问句知识精讲疑问句指提出问题，请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。一、一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述一般疑问句，也可称为是否型问句，因为它一般用 yes 或 no 回答的，基本的结构为：be/助动词/情态动词 +主语+谓语/ 表语 +(其他),句子要读升调。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时，通常是 Yes, 主语+be/ 助动词/情态动词；否定回答时，通常是
2、No, 主语 +be/助动词/情态动词+not ，not 通常用省略形式，如：-Can you swim to the other side？你能游到对岸吗？-Yes, I can. 是的，我能。-No, I cant. 不，我不能。注意：回答一般疑问句除了用 yes 或 no 外，也可用certainly，probably ，perhaps ，of course，all right，with pleasure 等代替 yes，用 never，not at all 等代替 no，使得语气更加客气，委婉，如：-Can you help me? 你能帮个忙吗？-Certainly. 当然。-Cou
3、ld you please make less noise? 你可以小声一点吗？-All right, sir. 好的，先生。-Have you been there? 你到过那里吗？-Never. 从来没有。二、特殊疑问句1. 特殊疑问句概述特殊疑问句多以 who，where，when，which，whose ，why 这类词开头，其结构一般为：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词 +be/助动词/情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语/表语+( 其他)，通常读降调，如：Who is it on the phone? 谁来的电话？How many oranges can you see in the p
4、icture?你能在图画上看到多少个橘子？2. 疑问副词疑问副词 意义 作用 例句when 何时 询问时间 When will she return?她什么时候回来？where 何地 询问地点 Where are you from?你从何处而来？why 为什么 询问原因 Why are you late for school?你为什么迟到？how 如何 询问方式How do you usually go to school?你通常怎么上学？how old 多大 询问年龄 How old is Jims little brother?吉姆的弟弟多大？how much/many 多少 询问数量Ho
5、w many friends do you have?你有多少朋友？how far 多远 询问距离How far is it from your home to school?你家离学校多远？how long多长（时间/长度）询问时间，或长度How long will you stay in Beijing?你在北京会待多久呢？How long is your ruler?你的尺子是多长的。how soon 多久以后 询问时间 How soon will you come back?你多长时间后回来呀？三、选择疑问句选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句
6、，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由 or 连接，前者用升调，后者用降调。选择疑问句也分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句，但回答不能用 yes 或 no 回答，都要用完整的句子。1. 一般选择疑问句一般选择疑问句的结构为：一般疑问句+A or B?如：-Will you go there by bus or by train?-I will go by train.你准备乘汽车，还是乘火车去那儿？我会坐火车去。2. 特殊选择疑问句特殊选择疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问句，+A or B?如：-What would you like, coffee or tea?-I would like coffe
7、e.你想要什么，咖啡还是茶？我想来点咖啡。四、反意疑问句1. 反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句，这种问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的一简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，因此，反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句，附加问句用否定句；如果陈述句是否定，附加问句用肯定句，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。附加问句一般为“be 动词（助动词、情态动词）+ 代词”构成，如：They didnt clean the classroom yesterday, did they?他们昨天没有扫扫教室，是吗？Youre coming, arent you?你会来的，不是吗？2. 反
8、意疑问句的答语1).反意疑问句的答语一般由 yes 或 no 引导的简略答语来回答，但是要注意时态及代词的呼应，如：-She is your teacher, isnt she? 她是你的老师，是吧？-Yes, she is. 是的，她是。-No, she isnt. 不，她不是。2). 在前否定后肯定的句子中，yes 含义为“不”，no 含义为“是”，如：She cant swim, can she? 她不会游泳，对吗？Yes, she can. 不，她会。No, she cant. 是的，她不会。三点剖析一、考点及延伸：中考考查疑问句重点如下：特殊疑问句中疑问词的辨别和选择；反意疑问句的提
9、问和回答；否定形式反意疑问句的回答的正确理解。除了语法的考查，疑问句也常在各种文章中出现，能够正确理解疑问句，能很大程度地帮我们正确理解语言环境。以下两点是疑问句考点延伸：1. 否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告，建议，责备等意味，如：Why dont you finish your homework?=Why not finish your homework?为什么不完成作业呢？2. 陈述句谓语动词是 wish，表示征求意见时，反意问句用 may，如：I wish to have another piece of cake, may I?我想再要一块蛋糕，可以吗？I wish to go home
10、now, may I?我想现在就回家，可以吗？二、方法总结疑问句是考试中的高频考点，重点考查疑问词选择和反意疑问句。疑问词的选择一般考查与介词的结合，比如 how far, how long 等一系列，重点区分各自含义和回答；反意疑问句考查较简单，只要遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则即可，注意 hardly, seldom, never 等有否定含义的词的出现，视为否定句，疑问部分用肯定形式。题模精讲题模一 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句例 1.1、-Are you sure you can do well in the final exam?-_, Ive got everything ready.A
11、、 No, Im not sure B、 Its hard to say.C、 Yes, I think so D、 I hope not例 1.2、-_ is your father?-A bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home.A、 Where B、 HowC、 What D、 Which例 1.3、对划线部分提问。The pencil box is 25_centimeters_long._题模二 选择疑问句和反义疑问句例 2.1、Theres only one child in the classroom. (对画线部分提问)_例 2.2
12、、-Is this a Chinese book or an English book?-Oh, _A、 yes, it is. B、 no, it isnt.C、 an English book. D、 a music book.例 2.3、Tom can hardly do it well, _?A、 can he B、 cant heC、 does he D、 doesnt he例 2.4、-Dont smoke in the reading room, _?-Im sorry. I wont do it again.A、 will you B、 shall weC、 do you D、
13、 can you随堂练习随练 1.1、-Excuse me, can I use your pen?-_. Here you are.A、 Yes, of course. B、 No, you cant.C、 You are welcome. D、 It doesnt matter.随练 1.2、She usually does some housework on Sundays. (改为一般疑问句)_随练 1.3、They like to sing English songs. (对画线部分提问 )_随练 1.4、-_ is your father? Does he still work a
14、s an engineer?-Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.A、 Who B、 HowC、 What D、 Which随练 1.5、-_ is the World Cup held ?-Every 4 yearsA、 How soon B、 How manyC、 How often D、 How long随练 1.6、- Did you use to have straight or curly hair, Cindy?-_. I like that hair style.A、 Yes, I did B、 Straight hair
15、C、 No, I didnt D、 Not curly hair随练 1.7、I dont think the newly directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say, _?A、 do I B、 dont I C、 is it D、 isnt it随练 1.8、Jim neednt sing this song. (改为反意疑问句)_随练 1.9、You need to wait for her. (改为反意疑问句)_感叹句知识精讲感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，“
16、what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由“what” 引导的感叹句“what”意为 “多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词 a/ an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。总结其句子结构可分为以下三种：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/ an形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2. 可用句型：“ What形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！”。如：What beautifu
17、l flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！3. 可用句型：“ What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！”。如：What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！二、由“how” 引导的感叹句“how”意为 “多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果 how 修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。总结这种感叹句句子结构也分为三种：1. 可用句型：“ How形
18、容词/ 副词主语谓语！”。如：How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！2. 可用句型：“ How形容词a/ an 可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3. 可用句型：“ How主语谓语！”。如：How time flies! 光阴似箭！三点剖析一、考点延伸：what 引导感叹句和 how 引导感叹句的转换。由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she
19、is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!二、方法总结：辨别感叹句用 what 还是 how 引导。感叹句在考试中出现大多只考查用 what 还是 how 来引导的判断，如果只在判断层面其实很容易，最简单的方法就是背两句典型的例句，做题时只需要对照考题和记忆中的例句哪个更接近既可。如：What a beautiful girl (she is)!多么漂亮的一个女孩！How delicious these cakes are!这些蛋糕多好吃啊！题模精
20、讲题模一 What 引导的感叹句例 1.1、_ excellent basketball player Jeremy Lin (林书豪) is! I really love this talented guy.A、 How B、 WhatC、 How a D、 What an例 1.2、-Steve, did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou?-Of course! _ beautiful lanterns!A、 What B、 HowC、 What a D、 How a例 1.3、根据语境填入相应单词，构成感叹句。_ diffi
21、cult homework we had yesterday!题模二 How 引导的感叹句例 2.1、-This math problem is so difficult that only she can work it out.- _ clever the girl is!A、 How B、 What aC、 What D、 How a例 2.2、根据语境填入相应单词，构成感叹句。_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter! (beautiful)随堂练习随练 2.1、_ clever boy he is!A、 How B、 WhatC、 What a D、 How
22、 a随练 2.2、-_ beautiful place Zhangjiajie is, Lu Ming!- Yeah, and thousands of visitors come here to spend their holidays every year.A、 What a B、 WhatC、 How D、 How a随练 2.3、-Wow, my best friend Anna got an A in her test!- _ wonderful news it is!A、 What B、 What aC、 How D、 How a随练 2.4、-_ interesting book
23、! Where did you buy it?- In the bookshop near our school.随练 2.5、_ big difference Tu Youyou has made to modern medicine in the world!随练 2.6、_ interesting work it is to teach children!随练 2.7、_ nervous the girl was！She could not fall asleep all nightA、 What B、 What aC、 How D、 How a随练 2.8、_ interesting
24、our school life is!随练 2.9、_ nice the fish smells! I cant wait to taste it.自我总结能力拓展拓展 1、-Mary, will you go to the cinema with me tonight?-_. I have a lot of homework to do.A、 Certainly B、 No, I wontC、 Im afraid I cant D、 Yes, I will拓展 2、-_ did you work out the problem in such a short time?-With Mr. L
25、is help.A、 When B、 Where C、 How D、 Which拓展 3、-_ will the manager come back?- Maybe in three days.A、 How often B、 How longC、 How soon D、 How far拓展 4、Therere some new machines in the house. (改为一般疑问句)_拓展 5、We were busy watching the football match. (改为一般疑问句)_拓展 6、The jacket on the right is Monicas. (对画线
26、部分提问 )_拓展 7、Sam went there by train. (对画线部分提问)_拓展 8、The old man waters the flowers twice a day. (对画线部分提问)_拓展 9、-I hear you studied in New York last week. Was it sunny or rainy there?-_.A、 It was rainy B、 It is sunnyC、 No，it isnt D、 I am afraid no拓展 10、-Dont be late for school next time, _?-No, I won
27、t.A、 are you B、 will youC、 do you D、 did you拓展 11、The king was unhappy. (改为反意疑问句)_拓展 12、I think they knew little about it. (改为反意疑问句 )_拓展 13、_ pretty the dragon boats are! I am sure the race will be very exciting.A、 How a B、 WhatC、 How拓展 14、_ wonderful book “Gullivers Travels” is! It became popular a
28、s soon as it came out.A、 How B、 WhatC、 What a D、 How a拓展 15、_ useful advice you gave us!拓展 16、Look! The model is walking to us. _ nice dress!拓展 17、- Its said that a robot called AlphaGo won the competition over a Korean player in March.- _ amazing news! I cant believe!拓展 18、-look at the cloud! It lo
29、oks like a rabbit.-Wow. _ beautiful!A、 What B、 What aC、 How D、 How a拓展 19、- So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.- _ he runs!A、 How slow B、 How fastC、 What a slow D、 What a fast拓展 20、-Well move in the new classroom next week.- _ good news! I
30、ts much bigger and brighter.A、 How an B、 What anC、 How D、 What拓展 21、_ the man looks at his son! He thinks his son is getting more and more _.A、 How angry; carelessly B、 What angry; carelesslyC、 How angrily; careless D、 What angrily; careless拓展 22、- Wow! _ beautiful the music is!- Yes. Thats my favorite.拓展 23、_ useful the information he gave us is!拓展 24、- So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.- _ he runs!A、 How slow B、 How fastC、 What a slow D、 What a fast
