1、句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语,对句子的认识,1. 词类 名词-表示人或事物的名称 形容词-表示人或事物的特征 副词-修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词 动词-表示动作或状态 代词-代替名词、数词 数词-表示数量或顺序 冠词-限制名词的意义 介词-表示名词、代词和其他词的关系 连词-连接词与词或句与句 感叹词-表示说话时的感情或语气,对句子的认识,1. 词类 - -表示数量或顺序-代替名词、数词-限制名词的意义-表示名词、代词和其他词的关系-连接词与词或句与句-表示说话时的感情或
2、语气,数词,代词,冠词,介词-,连词,感叹词,对句子的认识,-修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词 -表示人或事物的特征-表示动作或状态 -表示人或事物的名称,副词,形容词,动词,名词,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe.
3、Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,（名词 june）（代词）she（数词）four （不定式to see）（动名词smoking）（名词化的形容词）（句子what he said）,找出 主语,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believin
4、g. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语
5、 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(
6、数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语 动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books., 间接 宾语, 直接 宾语,please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself toda
7、y. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease.,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste例如：This kind of c
8、loth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 注意：系动词不用于被动语态. 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。,（五）定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There
9、 are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),（六）状语 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,1 I will be back in a while. 2 They are playing on
10、the playground. 3 He was late because he got up late. 4 He got up so late that he missed the train.,5 I waited to see you. 6 He often went to school by bus. 7 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 8 Please call me if it is necessary. 9 He went to school in spite of his illness.,时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,
11、结果,条件,让步,I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.,（六）宾语补足语 宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We young people should respect the old. He himself
12、 will do the experiment. He is the oldest among them four. He told me the news that our team won the game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,young people,himself,four.,that our team won the game.,英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二： （主系表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）,1 Great changes have taken placein my home
13、town in the past ten years.,（定语）,(主),（谓语）,（状语）,2. That morning we talked about ourchildhood.状语 主语 谓语 宾语,划出句子成分，并判断属于哪种基本句型,3. At the age of 15 he became a famous pianist.状语 主语 系 表语,4 The terrible sound made the children frightended.主 谓 宾 宾补5 He has his hair cut once a month. 主 谓 宾 宾补 状,7 This book i
14、s about the history of the United States. 主语 系动词 表语,6.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.（ 主语） (谓语) （状语）,8 They have finished the plan successfully.主 谓 宾,9. He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.主 谓 宾 状 10； Grandma told me an interesting storylast night. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 状,11 Her job is to look after the childrenin the nursery. 主语 系动词 表语,12 His parents named him John.主 谓 宾 宾补 13 All of us considered him honest.主 谓 宾 宾补 14 He asked us to join in the game.主 谓 宾 宾补,
