1、隧道施工英语常用词汇Karst terrains 卡斯特地形Flysch 复理石Limestone 石灰岩Sensitive 敏感的Be prone to 倾向于Foot anchors /lock bolts 锁脚锚杆System anchors 系统锚杆Upper and lower benches 上下台阶（temporary）inverted arch （临时）仰拱Surround rock 围岩Shotcrete 喷混Steel rib/arch 钢拱架Lattice girder 钢格栅Pipe roof 管棚Weld 焊接Wiremesh 钢筋网片Excavation face
2、掌子面Deep （shallow ）buried 深（浅）埋Overburden 埋深Softened 软化Mechanical 机械的 力学的（Poor）self-stability ( 弱的 )自稳性Geological 地质的Advance support （small catheter） 超前支护（小导管）Groundwater 地下水Spacing circumferencial*longitudinal 环向间距*纵向间距Deformation tolerance 预留变形量Support type （measure）支护形式（措施）Excavation 开挖Grouting 注浆
3、Waste removal 出渣Drilling and blasting method 钻爆法Bench stepping 台阶开挖Cut and cover 明洞Natural ground line 原始地面线Theoretical excavation profile 理论开挖轮廓线Cut/excavation 挖方Fill 填方Cut and fill 半填半挖Slope 边坡（side /front slope 边仰坡）Scale 比例Portal 洞门Cross/longitudinal section 横/ 纵断面Flexible support 柔性支护（锚喷支护）Stiff
4、 support 刚性支护Length/width/height/depth/thickness 长/ 宽/高/ 深/厚Strength/stiffness/stability 强度/ 刚度/稳定性Hardness 硬度Density 密度Unit weight 容重Tensile/compressive strength 抗拉/抗压强度Heat /acid/alkali resistance 抗火/酸/ 碱性Flammability 可燃性Workability 和易性Durability 耐久性Water/cement ratio 水灰比Material 材料Cement 水泥Concre
5、te 混凝土Asphalt/bitumen 沥青Lime 石灰Bolt/nut 螺栓/螺母Guide tube 导向管Diameter 直径Radial 半径Cushion 垫层Equipment 设备Bulldozer 推土机Excavator 挖掘机Loader 装载机Dump truck 自卸车Wet spray mechinary 湿喷机Air compressor 空压机Transformer 变压器Electric generator 发电机Explosive 炸药Magazine 炸药库Initial stress state 初始应力状态Redistributed stress
6、 应力重分布Initial （primary） support/inner（secondary ） lining 初衬/ 二衬Drainage 排水Waterproofing 防水的Groundwater 地下水Waterproof slab /rubber seal 防水板/橡胶止水带（接缝处）Circumstantial/longitudinal/transverse/central drainage pipe 环向/纵向/横向/中央排水管PP geotextile PP 土工布Expansion joint waterstop,external 背贴式止水带Expansion joint
7、 waterstop,internal 中埋式止水带Revision shaft 检查井（检查中央排水管用）Water absorption 吸水性Permeability 渗透性Advanced geological prediction 超前地质预报Minimum/maximum 最小/最大Pre-cast 预制Cast- in-site 现浇Cave/cavity 洞Grouting 注浆Backfilling 回填Lighting/power/ventilation 照明/电力/ 通风Horizontal/vertical 水平/竖直hazardous gases (CO2, CO,
8、NO, NO2) 有害（危险）气体pump 泵Employers /technology Requirements 业主/技术要求Instrument 仪器Level 水准仪Tape 卷尺Saw 锯Ladder 梯子Scaffold 脚手架Knife 小刀Vice 钳子Hammer 榔头Shovel 铲子Bucket 桶Diesel oil 柴油Gasoline 汽油Clearance profile 净空Eccentric compression tunnel 偏压隧道Construction/settlement/expansion joints 施工/沉降/伸缩缝Main tunnel
9、主洞Pedestrian/vehicle cross passageways 人行/ 车行横洞Circumstantial/longitudinal/transverse/central drainage pipe 环向/纵向/横向/中央排水管Stone crushing plant 碎石场Concrete mixing stations 混凝土拌合站Explosive storage 炸药库Blasting operation 爆破作业Fire extinguishers 灭火器Weathered rock 风化岩石Two/three-shaft system 两/ 三班制Foundatio
10、n pit 基坑Cave-in 塌方Water surging(surge) 涌水Electric shock 触电Ambulance 救护车Medical staff 医护人员Alarm system 警报系统Boundary 边界Ongoing 进行中Surface settlement/subsidence 地表沉降Weathering 风化作用Overbreak 超挖Formwork trolley 二衬台车Vibrator 振动器Bentonite 膨润土Topographic drawing 地形图Cover arch 套拱Self-drilling hollow anchor bar 自进式锚杆 IBOPlain/ribbed bar 圆钢/ 螺纹钢Lagging 套拱Waterinflow 涌水量Overbreak 超挖Sampling 取样Specimen 样品Optimal 最佳的Survey mark /kilometerage 桩号/里程Preliminary design 初步设计Toxic 有毒的Scaffold 脚手架
