1、英语论文开题报告范文例文大全6篇论文题目 the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights 一、选题的意义和研究现状1选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉勃朗特为英国文学中的 “斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究呼啸山庄的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭
2、借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使呼啸山庄既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。2与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十
3、年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。二、研究方案1研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究呼啸
4、山庄的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使呼啸山庄既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。预期的结果（大纲）:1A Survey of Gothic1.1 Definition of Gothic1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels1.2.1 Historical Reasons1.2.1.
5、1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful2. Emilys Gothic Heritage2.1 Theme2.1.1 Good and Evil2.1.2 Revenge2.2 Chara
6、cters Description2.2.1 Villain-hero2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot2.3.1 Terror2.3.2 Mystery2.3.3 Supernatural3.Emilys Gothic Innovation 3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism3.1.1 Change of the Background3.1.2 Use of Symbolism3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness3.1.4 Illus
7、ion and Subconsciousness3.2. Description of Figure Emotion and PsychologyReference2拟采用的研究方法主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足;(2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见1研究进度安排（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。（3）论文指导第三周（
8、学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条）1 Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Brontes preface to the
9、second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20.2 Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte M. New York: Oxford University Press.3 Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. 1998.The handbook to gothic literature A. New York: New York University Press. p. 83.4 Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of
10、Terror M. London: Longman. p. 6.5 方平. 1993 .希望在人间? 论呼啸山庄(呼啸山庄译序) M.上海译文出版社. 第24页.6 盖斯凯尔夫人. 2000 .夏洛蒂勃朗特传M. 张淑荣等译. 北京: 团结出版社. 第11?12页.7 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文学中的哥特传统J. 外国文学评论第3期.8 鲜于静. 2003. 神秘和怪诞的魅力?福克纳小说八月之光的哥特艺术研究MA. 中国学位论文全文库. 1 IntroductionThe intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of
11、 Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools o
12、f thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and
13、 for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject
14、 is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translators choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive. T
15、he prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I w
16、ill apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive s
17、tudies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation ap
18、proaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline2.1 Development and major concepts of DTSIn this part I will describe Holms basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and prod
19、uct. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 MethodolgyI will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placedon semiotic approach and the
20、 concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theoriesA contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case studyIn this par
21、t, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 ConclusionBased on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on
22、 the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)附录2- 引文范例( 仅供参考)“It is therefore pointless to try to make T
23、C more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病
24、来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”（张南峰，1990：59-60）附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation ? Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translati
25、on Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.张南峰（译）. 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“ 一条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001（5）附录4- 封面范例( 仅供参考) （中文）对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文论品牌名称翻译的特殊性专 业：研究方向：作 者：导 师：写作时间： ?对外经济贸易大学英语学院（英文）School of International StudiesUniversity of International Business and EconomicsPragmatic Strategiesin Advertising: ImplicaturesWang YingA thesis submitted to School of International Studies ofUniversity of International Business and EconomicsIn partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the degree of Master of ArtsApril 2002Beijing, China
