1、“情态动词+have done” 的用法,might,may,could,should,Ought to,would,will,must,need,can,情态动词后的不同形式情态动词后跟动词原形、进行式、完成式可以表示不同的意义。,1、情态动词的进行式may/might/can/could/should/ought to/will/would/must + be doing构成了情态动词的进行式。情态动词的进行式表示对现在和将来正在进行的行为进行推测,意为“或许正在、应当正在、想必正在、准是正在”。,2、情态动词的完成式情态动词的完成式是由情态动词 + have done构成的。,1、表示对
2、过去发生的事情的推测(想必已经、按道理已经、可能做过) 常用来表达这种意义的情态动词有:could, may, might, ought to, should, must等。Can主要用于否定和疑问句。2、表示对完成时的推测 常用来表达这种意义的情态动词主要有could, may, might, ought to, should, must等。 Can主要用于否定和疑问句。3、表示对某事的责备和批评 常用于这种用法的情态动词有might, could, ought to, should, need等。Might语气最弱,should语气最强。,1、 “must+have+done”,表示对过去
3、事情的肯定推测,译成“想必/准是/一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 (否定式为cant/couldnt have done)1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。,2、 “can+have+done”,表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过吗?”。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have
4、gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?,3、 “cant+have+done”,表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has
5、gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。,4、 “could+have+done”,是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。,5、 “couldnt+have+done”,表推测,相当于 cant have done,意为:“过去不可能做了某事。”I think that he couldnt have gone abroad. I saw him just now. 我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。,6
6、、 “may+have+done”,表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George?I dont know. He may have got lost.乔治发生了什么事?我不知道,他可能迷路了。,7、 “might+have+done”,表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。2. She might h
7、ave achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。,8、 “would+have+done”,虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会
8、取得如此大的成绩。,9、 “should+have+done”,意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。,10、 “ought to+have
9、+done”,表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。,11、 “need+have+done”,表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。,Thank you!,