1、Unit 1 My First Job,我的第一份工作,Warm-up Questions,1. What was your first job? Do you still have the same job?2. Did you like your first job? Why (not)?3. What have you learnt from your first job?4. What do you think of your present work?5. Can work bring happiness to you?,Two noted Americans explain why
2、 its not what you earn - its what you learn.两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。,Text,1. I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom lived through the Great Depression. They couldnt understand people who didnt work regularly.我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观，他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。,1. acquire: v
3、t. obtain, gain获得，得到Example:We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。Use “acquire” to replace the word with similar meaning in the following sentence: We can obtain knowledge by reading books, newspapers, and by watching TV.,2. ethic: system of moral principle; rules o
4、f conductHe has a strong personal ethic.,The Great Depression,The Great Depression is considered the most severe economic crisis in the industrialized world. It began when American stock market fell on Friday, Oct. 24, 1929, and continued the following Tuesday, known as Black Tuesday, with a greater
5、 fall. The Depression struck many other countries as well, particularly Germany, Japan, and Britain. In the early 1930s，millions of people lost their jobs, and millions of businesses and banks failed. President Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal policies improved the situation, but the Great Depression
6、 did not come to an end until World War II when industrial production for the war increased.,3. regularly: adv. often定期地; 经常地Examples: Accidents regularly occur on this bend.事故经常发生在这个弯道。他经常去看望他的祖父母。He visits his grand parents regularly.,regular: adj. existing or happening repeatedly in a fixed patte
7、rn, with equal or similar amounts of space or time between one and the next定期的，有规律的I suggest that we have regular meetings.I suggest that we meet on a regular basis.我建议我们定期开例会。,2. I worked until five or six oclock on school days and put in 12-hour days during the summer as a prepper.学期中我干活干到五、六点，暑假期
8、间则每天干12个小时。 put in 12-hour days：spent 12 hours working each day,put in: v. to give (time or effort ) to sth.花费（一段时间或精力）做某事Thank you for all the time and effort you have _.A. lived throughB. put inC. taken into D. made in,3. This meant washing and polishing the new cars, and making sure the paper flo
9、or mats were in place.我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿，也就是清洗、擦亮新车，并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。,2. polish: vt. cause sth. to become smooth and shining by rubbing磨光，擦亮Examples:polish shoes: 擦鞋polish the car: 擦车 improve (sth.) by correcting, making small changes or adding new materials修正，修改，修饰，加以润色Example:His essay needs polishing.他的论文
10、尚需润饰。,3. in place: v. 在平常的或应在的地方Pattern: put sth. in place be in placeExample:She likes everything to be in place before she starts working.她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。,Another responsibility was taking off the hubcaps at night, so they wouldnt get stolen, and replacing them the next day.还有一项职责是夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷，
11、第二天再还回原处。So： so that,4. responsible: adj. Pattern: be responsible for sth / doing sth Examples:谁为此次车祸负责？Who is responsible for the accident?Last months bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.,responsibility: n. blame 责任Pattern: take responsibility for sth.Examples:Terrorists have claimed r
12、esponsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterdays bomb attack.The minister took full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.,3. replace: vt. put (sth.) back in its place将某物放回远处Example:Replace the magazines after reading.杂志阅后放回原处。用完工具后要放回原处。Please re
13、place the tools after use., take the place of代替，取代Pattern: replace A with Breplace A by B用煤气代替煤作燃料replace coal by with gasI have to replace Prof. Wu to give you the lecture.,One day, carrying an armful of hubcaps around a corner, I almost bumped into our new general manager. Startled, I dropped them
14、 all. He fired me on the spot.一天，我抱着一大捧车榖盖转过一个角落，几乎与我们的新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳，结果把榖盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。,4. bump: v. 碰撞或敲击某物，与某物相撞Pattern: bump into: bump into不期而遇；偶然碰见；邂逅Example:I bumped into one of my old friends on the street yesterday.昨天我与一位老友在街上不期而遇。,5. startle: vt. frighten, scare使受惊吓 / 吓一跳startled: adj.
15、 吃惊的Example:I was startled by at the news of his death.我听到他的死讯大吃一惊。She was startled to see him looking so ill.看到他病到这种程度, 使她大为吃惊。,Use “startle” to replace the word with similar meaning in the following sentence: You frightened me I thought you were in the garden.I was startled I thought you were in t
16、he garden.,5. on the spot: 当即，立即Example:He was hit by a falling tree and_ (当场毙命。)killed on the spot.,I was too shamed to tell my parents. Every day for about two weeks, I stayed busy until evening. Then I would go home and say I had a great day at work.,Desperate, I wrote a letter to Henry Ford II a
17、nd told him what happened. I said that we were a loyal Ford family and that when I was old enough, I was going to buy a Mustang. Eventually the owner of the dealership called. “I dont know who you know in Detroit,” he said, “but if you want your job back, you got it.”,desperate：feeling and showing g
18、reat despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger铤而走险的，不顾一切的The desperate thief shot at the policemen.Make desperate efforts to do,Later, during college, I wanted to work at a Rolls-Royce dealership, but the owner said there were no openings. So I started washing cars there anyway. When the
19、 owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.,It takes persistence to succeed. Attitude also matters.成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。,6. persist: v. not give up, be determined坚持Pattern: persist in sth.persist in doing sth.Example: persist in the study of English坚持学习英语我要坚持学习英语。I want to persist in
20、 studying English.persistence: n.,6. matter: v. be important主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中要紧, 重要, 有重大关系如果我错过了公共汽车不要紧，我可以步行。It doesnt matter if I miss this bus, I can walk.It matters little if I miss my bus.,I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldnt be outworked.我从不认为
21、我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。,outwork: do better work thanout- 前缀加在动词前表示“在之上，胜过”，如outlive(比长寿), outdo(胜过),outgrow(因长大而穿不下、摆脱）,I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the register in her Manhattan pharmacy. Before long, she let me sit there by myself. I quickly learned the importance
22、of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”,register：1. n. 1)official list -people on the “at risk” register 2)official book登记簿-the school attendance register 学校的点名册 3)business machine商用机器 - a cash register现金出纳机2. v. record a name or details about sb/sth in a list登记- to register the babys
23、 birth How many students have registered for English class?A registered post / letter,At first I was paid in candy. Later I received 50 cents an hour. I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.,My father helped me set up a bank account.
24、Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。,7. set up: to establish, build or raise建立，开创；竖起（纪念碑、雕像等）set up a bank account: open a bank account开设银行帐户政府已建立工作小组来调查此问题。The government has set up a working party to look into the
25、problem.,7. rewarding: adj. worth doing, satisfying 值得做的，令人满意的Gardening is a rewarding spare-time activity.园艺是值得做的业余活动。Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.看着存款数额的增加比我当时本可以买的的任何东西都更让我满足。Use “rewarding” to replace the word with similar meaning in the following s
26、entence: Teaching is not very worth doing financially. Teaching is not very rewarding financially.,more rewarding than: 比更让人满意 / 高兴作为老师，看着学生们在我面前成长要比任何其它的事情更让我高兴。As a teacher, watching my students growing in front of me is more rewarding than anything else.,could have bought：虚拟语气“本可以做但没有做”。The sente
27、nce means: the author was satisfied to watch her money grow and did not buy anything with the money.,Grandma, a tough taskmaster, never gave ma favorable treatment. She watched me like a hawk yet allowed me to handle high-pressure situations such as working during the lunch rush. Her trust taught me
28、 how to handle responsibility.祖母是一位严厉的监工，从不给我任何特殊的照顾。 favorable: 赞许的，讨人喜欢的，有利的，优惠的,8. handle: v. deal with, manage处理，对付Examples:Ms Hawkins handles the companys accounts.霍金斯女士管理公司的账目。I cant handle children.我管不住孩子们。,By the time I was 12 , she thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to
29、selling cosmetics.,9. promote: vt. raise to higher position or mark提升，提拔Pattern: promote sb. to sth. Promote sb. to doing sth.Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.我们的老师已被提升为校长了。他已被晋升为教授了。He was promoted to a full professor.,encourage or support增进，鼓励Our government is promoting citizens love of
30、 learning English to welcome 2008 Olympic Games.为迎接2008奥运会，政府鼓励市民学习英语的热诚。,I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eyes. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?”,I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able
31、 to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas.我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的主意。,I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。,10. end up: v. to finish (in a particular way)结束，结果Pattern: end up with sth.end up doing sth.以而告终如果汤姆继续偷窃，他最终将被关进监狱。If Tom goes on stealing, he w
32、ill end up with prison.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there.,The job taught me a valuable lesson: that to be a successful salesperson, you didnt need to be a rocket scientist - you needed to be a great listener. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
33、 Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.,11. except: prep. 除了之外Except a broken chair, the room has no furniture.注意：chair是furniture的一种，性质相同，不能说：Except a broken chair, the room is empty.但
34、可以说：Except for a broken chair, the room is empty.except for: 要不是（不受项目类别的限制） except +clause:（除去之外，that 有时可省）We had a lot in common except that we are not alike.The old lady went to the riverside to take a walk except when it was raining.,English Tenses,动词时态,1. 概说,作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时的各种形式称时态。在汉语中不管动作是
35、什么时候发生的，动词形式基本上没有变化，例如“他昨天来的”，“他明天来”中，都用同一个“来”字，而英语则不同，不同时间发生的动作，要用不同形式的动词来表示，如：He came yesterday. He will come tomorrow.因此每说一句话都要考虑时态问题。谓语动词要用适当的时态形式。,十六个时态,常用的时态,1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.现在完成时5.现在进行时,1 一般现在时的用法,1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示经常性的时间状语连用，时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday etc.例如： I leave home fo
36、r school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2） 普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3） 表示格言或警句例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败,注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的,4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性
37、格、个性。例如：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。,2 一般过去时的用法,1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态例如：yester
38、day, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。,一般过去
39、时由动词的过去式来表示，动词be 有was, were 两个过去式 was 用于第一、三人称were用于其他人称。要记住不规则动词（例如：）,3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 ，例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather you came tomor
40、row.还是明天来吧。4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：Christine was an invalid（有病的） all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）,Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已
41、不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如： Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？,3. 一般将来时的
42、用法,1）一般讲来时由助动词shall 或 will加动词原形构成shall用于第一人称（常被will 所代替）。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况： When will you hand in your homework? 你什么时候交作业？ I shall go to see Teacher Wang this afternoon.
43、 我今天下午去看王老师。,2）be going to +不定式（表示打算，准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事） a. 主语的意图，打算，即将做某事What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事 The play is going to be produced next month. 这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨要来了。,3）be +不定式表示将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We
44、 are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5） be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready f
45、or it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,6） be to和be going to 1) be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
46、明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。,2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 Ther
47、e goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。,Make sure that
48、 the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？,4.现在完成时的用法,现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。How many pages have you covered today?你今天看了多少页书？She has been ill for three days.她病了三天了。（状态）I have always walked to work.我一直步行上班。（习惯动作）I have seen the film many times.这电影我看过好些次了。（因此对内容很熟悉。）Thank you. I have had my lunch.谢谢你，我已吃过饭了。（表示已发生的动作）,
