1、在职教育硕士学位英语(一) 考试辅导,盐城师范学院 吴万能 2011.7,主要内容,考纲、题型分析,解题方法及技巧,真题讲解及知识点解剖,考纲、题型分析(1),大纲要求: 词汇:4500 考试时间:150分钟 难易程度:英语四级,考纲、题型分析(2),试卷一:Part I:Dialogue Communication(口语交际): Section A:Dialogue Completion (补全对话5%) Section B:Dialogue Comprehension (对话理解10%)Part II: Vocabulary and Structure (词汇及结构10%)Part III
2、: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解40%)Part IV: Cloze Test (完型填空10%),考纲、题型分析(3),试卷二: Part V: Translation (英译汉10%) Part VI: Writing (写作15%),解题方法及技巧-口语交际(1),Section A:Dialogue Completion (补全对话5%),Speaker A: Why do you want to take part in the entrance examination of postgraduate?Speaker B: . A. Sorry, I don
3、t know. B. I just want to. C. No, I dont want to. D. I need the master degree to get a promotion of my position.,解题方法及技巧-口语交际(2),方法技巧:3个原则 1. 成功交际原则; 2. 相关原则; 3. 固定原则(如反义疑问句)例如:A: 你不是个老师,是吧? B: 是的,我不是。,解题方法及技巧-口语交际(3),Section B:Dialogue Comprehension (对话理解10%)该题型类似于四级听力中短对话后的推测题。方法:排除法、择优法例如:M: Do y
4、ou think that I can pass the exam? W: Do you think that pigs can fly? Q: What does the woman mean?A. She doesnt know whether the man can pass the exam.B. She believe the man does can pass it.C. She hardly believes the man can pass it.D. She doesnt want to answer the man.,解题方法及技巧-阅读理解,第一步,扫描题干抓关键。 第二
5、步,快速浏览全文,仔细阅读首末段的首末句,把握文章主旨大意,标重点。 (1.强转折;2.比较处; 3.主旨句、主题句。)第三步,定位原文解剖句子。 第四步,比较选项定答案。 第五步,主旨态度题最后做。,解题方法及技巧-完型填空(1),(1)细读首句、启示全文。 (2)通读全文,掌握大意。 (3)瞻前顾后,先易后难。 如果是语法问题,不仅要考虑时态、语态,还要考虑整个词法、句法。如果是语义问题,要从上下文分析,依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。,(4)上下连贯,合乎逻辑。 如果空白处位于引导状语从句的位置上,则首先要分清是何种状语从句(时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、比较关系
6、、行为方式),然后再选择适当的词填空。总之,填入单词后要使句子意思和结构都完整,上下连贯,合乎逻辑。 (5)复核全文,消除疏漏。,解题方法及技巧-完型填空(2),解题方法及技巧,汉译英常用方法英语从句等的翻译方法,EnglishChinese Interpretation Skills 1. Integrating into one sentence with two or three sentences 合译There were happy days. They were good days, important days. We were part of the dramatic proc
7、ess which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship. 这些日子充满欢乐,美好而珍贵。 在戏剧性的历史进程中,我们重聚在一起,踏上建立真正友好合作关系的道路。,2. One word may have many meanings, so try to interpret properly according to the context.Good manners 举止得体Good eggs 优质鸡蛋Good friends 好朋友(
8、忠实的朋友)Good chess player 高明的棋手Good sailor 不晕船Good Christian, good parent, good child, good wife, good husband虔诚的基督徒,慈爱的父母,孝顺的儿女,贤良的妻子,尽职的丈夫,3. Addition of words不宜使信息过于浓缩 (添词法)(1) During our stay here ten years ago we spent a great deal of memorable time with the people hereworking, shopping, sightsee
9、ing, and touring the city on our bicycles. 十年前我们生活在这里的时候,和这里的人们一起度过了许多难忘的时光我们一起工作、购物、观光、骑自行车游览市容。 (2) The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 世界在关注我们。世界在聆听我们。我们会做些什么,世界将拭目以待。,4. Conversion 转换法(1)It is my sincere hope that we can develop further, on the basis of
10、mutual respect and mutual benefit, the links and friendship that exist between two countries. 我衷心希望我们能够在互敬互利的基础上,进一步加强两国间业已存在的联系和友谊。,5Inversion of the beginning and endingdifference of thinking way 如果一个句子既有叙事部分又有表态部分,英语往往先表态,然后再说发生了什么事情。汉语则先把事物或情况讲清楚,最后来一个简短的表态。(1) It is absolutely vital that all na
11、tions, big or small, strong or weak, should conduct their relations with each other on these principles. 所有国家,无论大小强弱,都应该遵循这些原则处理与别国的关系,这一点至关重要。 (2) It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算一月访问中国,后来不得不推迟,这令我异常失望。,6. Change passive
12、 voice into active voice. Ladies and gentlemen, given this historic opportunity, let us work together and forge that partnership, thereby contributing to global peace, stability and prosperity. 女士们,先生们,面对这一历史机遇,让我们携手合作(通力合作),建立起牢固的伙伴关系,(从而)为世界和平、稳定与繁荣贡献力量。 7 正反译法Negative and Positive Interpretation
13、(1) We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远报乐观态度。 (2) Law is no respecter of persons. 法律面前,人人平等。,8. Dissecting a complex sentence into simple sentences.拆句法,将半显性的关系词译成显性结构(既增词、重复使用词汇),方便听众理解。 (1) So, let us start a long march together on different roads leading to the same goal
14、, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, its own course of development, free of outside interference or domination. 因此,让我们一起沿着不同的道路,向
15、着同样的目标开始长征。这个目标是:建立和平公正的世界格局。在这样一个格局中,所有人都可以享有平等的尊严,所有国家,不论大小,有权决定各自的政府形式、(有权决定自己的)发展道路,不受外来干涉或控制。 (2) In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship and cooperation of our two peoples which can lead to friendship and peace for all peoples in the world.
16、 在这种精神鼓舞下,请在座的各位与我一起举杯,为我们两国人民的友谊与合作干杯,我们两国人民的友谊与合作(这种友谊与合作)必将为全世界的人们带来友谊与和平!,解题方法及技巧-翻译(1),一、长句的翻译 1)顺译法; 2)倒译法; In August1974,the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on the condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.译文:1974年8月研究所接到指示说,如果研究成果能应用于市场预测,
17、则研究工作可继续进行。,解题方法及技巧-翻译(2),3)分译法二、从句的译法 1. 主语从句What he said was recorded in this book.译文:他说的话被记录在这本书里。 2. 宾语从句宾语从句译为汉语时,通常不需要改变语序。Many people believe that man is not solving these problems of pollution quickly enough.译文:许多人认为,人类没有尽快的解决这些污染问题。,解题方法及技巧-翻译(3),3. 定语从句及表语从句 One explanation is that pork th
18、at is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease. 译文:有一种解释是:未被煮透的猪肉可能会传播一种疾病。4. 状语从句英语中状语从句可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、地点和目的等等。翻译时通常将从句译为介词词组、副词词组或各种分句。,解题方法及技巧-翻译(4),It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.译文:很明显,尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是有害的。,解题方法及技巧-翻译(5),其他的一些常用的翻
19、译方法:词性转换 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.译文:学生家长普遍认为学校不再对教单词拼写感兴趣。 增、减词We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.译文:我们所关心的是全面发展学生的各种能力,不仅仅是发展学术能力。 Stainless steel possess good har
20、dness and high strength.译文:不锈钢硬度大,强度高。,解题方法及技巧-写作(1),评分方法和标准: 总体评分。13-15分:包含所有内容要点;使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言自然流畅,语法错误极少;有效的采用了多种衔接手法,文字连贯,层次清晰。 切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺、连贯,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。,解题方法及技巧-写作(2),常考文体(议论文)英语议论文共有三大特点:1、 观点鲜明的开头;2、 紧扣主题的结尾;3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。,解题方法及技巧-写作(3),写作类型: 对立式 提纲式 批驳式 社会问题式(04, 07,08) 评述式 (06,09,10) 辩论式 (05)社会问题式往往结合辩论式方法来写,解题方法及技巧-写作(4),写作模板(见word文档)总结1. 提出问题、现象;2. 分析问题、现象及原因;3. 结论/解决问题 (方法、建议),Thank You All!,