1、1Unit 6 Our Local AreaTopic 1 Is there a computer in your study?一 .重 难 点 讲 解1、There is / are（1） 用法：There be “有“ ，其确切含意为“某处或某时存在某人或某物。“其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用 is，名词是复数时用 are。（2） 几种基本句式：There is a book and two pens on the desk.
2、桌上有一本书和两支笔。There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌上有两支笔和一本书。There isnt a book on the desk. 桌上没有一本书。There arent two pens on the desk. 桌上没有两支笔。Is there a book on the desk? Yes, there is. No, there isnt. 桌上有一本书吗？是的，有。不，没有。Are there two pens on the desk? Yes, there are. No, there arent. 桌上有两支笔吗？是的，
3、有。不，没有。（3）与 have 的区别：类型There be Have涵义不同侧重 “存在关系“，表示“ 某地或某时间存在某人/某物“，there 只是引导词，无意义。如：There is a boat in the river.河里有一条船。侧重 “所属关系“，示“ 属于所拥有“的东西，第三人称用 has。如： I have a nice watch. 我有一块好看的手表。 She has a new computer. 她有一台新电脑。句型不同1.肯定式：There is/are+ 主语 +其它。 2.否定式：There is/are+ not+主语 +其它。3.疑问式：-Is/Are
4、there+主语+其它？ -Yes, there is/are. -No, there isnt/arent1.肯定式：主语+have/has+其它。 2.吉伯定式：a)主语+dont/doesnt have+其它； b)主语+havent/hasnt+其它。 3.疑问式：a)-Do/does+主语+have+其它？ -Yes,主语+do/does./No,主语 +dont/doesnt. b)-Have/Has+主语+其它？-Yes, 主语+have/has./No,主语+havent/hasnt.主谓一致不同1.There is +单数主语/不可数主语 如： There is some m
5、ilk in hte bottle. There is a hat on the desk. 2.There are+复数主语如： There are some flowers in the basket. 3.There is +单数主语+and+ 复数主语 如： There is a mouse and two pens on 1.主语（第三人称单数）+has+如： She has many new clothes. Tom has a nice feather. 2the deak. 4.There are+复数主语+and+单数主语如：There are two pens and a
6、mouseon the desk.2.第一、二人称单数和复数主语+have+如:You have some good firends but they have few.划线提问不同1.对主语提问一律用“Whats+某地/某时？“结构，其中谓语动词须用 is，且 there要省略。如：There are some pictures on the wall.-Whats on the wall? 2.对地点提问要用“Where is/are there?“如：There is a black car under the tree.-Where is there a black car? 3.对主
7、语的数量提问要用“How many+ 主语（复数）+are there?/How much+ 主语（不可数）+is there?“如： Therere three people in my family. -How many people are there in your family? Theres some rice in the bag.-How much rice is there in the bag?1.对主语提问要用“Who/has/have+?“如： Mary has a sweater.-Who has a sweater? We have new brooms.-Who
8、hsve new brooms? 2.对宾语提问要用“What have/has+主语？/What do does+主语 +have?“如： My father has a big farm . What has your father?/ What does your father have? 3.对宾语的数量提问用“How many+复数名词+have/has+主语？/How much+不可数名词+have/has+主语？“ 或“How many +复数名词+do/does+主语+have?/How much+不可数名词+do/does+主语+have?“如：I have two pict
9、ures.-How many pictures do you have?/How many pictures have you?注意there be 结构在改为否定或疑问句时，一般将 some 改为 any.如：There are some dishes on the desk.-There arent any dishes on the desk./Are there any dishes on the desk?have 句型在改为否定句时，也应将 some 改为 any. 如： She has some fruit.-She hasnt/doesnt have any fruit./Ha
10、s she any fruit?/Does she have any fruit?注：在表示 “附属于某物 /某处的东西“时，there be 结构与 have 句型都可以用。如： There are four windows in the classroom =The classroom has four windows. The house has eighteen floors.=There are eighteen floors in the house.2、 Its on the second floor.There is a study next to my bedroom. 它在
11、二楼。我卧室的隔壁有一间书房。（1） floor “地板；楼层”, 常以介词 on 连用。表示楼层时，英美之间是有区别的：英国 美国一楼：the ground floor the first floor二楼：the first floor the second floor三楼：the second floor the third floor在表示几层楼的房间时，不用 floor,而用 story(美) 或 storey(英)Eg: a five-story/storey house 一栋五层的房间。My family lives on the fourth floor of that 15-s
12、tory/storey building.我家住在那座十五层楼房的四层楼上。（2） next to 在近旁，紧邻3I sit next to Jim. 我坐在吉姆旁边。3、Is there a computer in ypur study? 你的书房里有电脑吗？（1）study 名词， “书房” 复数为 studies.Eg: Tom often does his homework in his study.汤姆经常在他的书房里做作业。Is there a sofa in your study?你的书房有沙发吗？（2） study 动词， “学习，研究 ”Eg: We are studying
13、 Section A. 我们正在学习 A 部分。Su Lan doesnt study Japanese at school. 苏兰在学校不学日语。3、 Why not come upstairs and have a look? 为什么不上楼来看看呢？（1） come upstairs 上楼 。反义词 “come downstairs 下楼”（2） have a look “看一看，瞧一瞧” 后面可+ at sth have a look at sth 看一看某物Eg: Let me have a look at your pictures. 让我看看你的照片。“have + a + 名词”
14、 结构have a ride 骑车 have a swim 游泳 have a walk 走路，散步 have a sleep 睡觉4、 Oh,there are so many books on the shelves. 哇，书架上有这么多书啊！so many + 名词复数 “这么多的”so much + 不可数名词 “这么多的”Eg: There are so many students here. 这儿有这么多的学生。There is so much milk in the bottle. 瓶里有这么多的牛奶。5、 Hes in front of the house. 他在房子前面。In
15、 front of “在前面” 指在某物外面的前面 反义词 “at back of “Eg: In front of / At back of my home there is a rive. 在我家前/后面有一条河。In the front of “在的前部” 指物体内部的前面 反义词 “at the back of”Eg: He sits in the front of / at the back of the classroom. 他坐在教室的前面/后面6、 Jane and Michacl are talking about her study.简和迈克尔正在谈论她的书房。Talk a
16、bout 意为“谈、谈论” ，后面接谈论的内容。Eg: The students are talking about the picture.学生们正在谈论那幅画。Talk to/with 意为“与.交谈” ，后面接谈话的对象。Eg: My English teacher is talking to/with my father .我的英语老师正在和我父亲谈话。7、 Its near my desk.在我桌子附近。near 意为“在 .附近，靠近” 。 next to 是短语介词，意为“在近旁”所表达的距离要比 near 更近。Eg: Sarah is sitting next to the
17、window.萨拉挨着窗户坐着。Sarah is sitting near the window 萨拉坐在窗户附近。8、 But there is one next to my family photo on the wall但是墙上全家福旁边有一个（挂钟） 。on the wall 在墙体外部表面。Eg: There is a picture on the wall.墙上有副画。in the wall (全部或部分)在墙体里。There are three windows in the wall.墙上有三扇窗户。There is a holw in the wall. 墙上有个洞。9、 Do
18、nt put them there . Put them away,please.别把它们放在那儿，请把它们收起来放好。（1） Dont put them there . 是否定形式的祈使句。句型结构 Dont + 动词原形4Eg: Dont be late for school!上学别迟到！（2） put away “将收起” 短语动词相当于及物动词，后面加宾语。当宾语是代词时用宾格，且代词放在中间，若宾语是名词时可放后面也可放中间。Eg: put them away ; put your books away=put away your books类似的用法还有 put on（穿上） ;
19、take off （脱下）; give back （归还）; work out（算出）.10、 How many planes are there in the desk?桌上有几架飞机？how many +可数名词复数+ are there + 地点状语？由 how many 引出的 there be 句型中的数词提问，回答用 there be+数词（+名词+地点状语）Eg: How many books are there on the desk? 桌上有多少书？There are seven books.有七本书。对不可数名词前的词或短语提问，用 how much+不可数名词+i 是 t
20、here + 地点状语？Eg: How much milk is there on the table?桌上有多少牛奶？-There are five bottles of milk on it.有五瓶。How much tea is there in the cup?茶杯里有多少茶水？-There is only a little.只有一点儿。11、in the tree 在树上。并非树上固有，是外来的东西在树上；on the tree 在树上。表示本来长在树上的叶子或果实。Eg: There are some birds in the tree 树上有一些鸟。There are many
21、apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。12、On the left of the yard,there is a kitchen and a dining room.在院子的左边，有一个厨房和一个餐厅。（1）left 名词“左，左边”；形容词 “左边的 ”Eg: Some people write with left hand.有些人用左手写字。Turn left.向左转（2）on the left of 在 的左边 Eg: On the left of the road.在公路的左边。类似的用法：on the right of在的右边；in the center of在的中央
22、；At the back of.在后部；in the front of在的前部。in the center of在中央= in the middle of(in the middle of还有在.中间 一般指时间的中间)Eg:I will go to Beijing in the middle of August.八月中旬，我要去北京。13、My father and I are watching TV in the living room.我和爸爸长在客厅看电视。I 和其他人称并列时，一般放在最后几个人称代词同时作主语时，排列顺序一般为：you and I ;you and he(she);
23、You,she(he) and I; we and you; we and they; we,you and they.承认错误时 I 放在其他人前面，表示说话人勇于承认错误：Eg: You, she and I all like music.你、她和我都喜欢音乐。I and my brother made the mistake.我和我弟弟放了这个错误。14、The bag in picture A is green.图 A 里的书包是绿色的。在英语中，介词短语作定语时放在被修饰词的后面, in picture A 是 bag 的后置定语。Eg:The book on the desk is
24、 Miss Zhous.书桌上的那本书是周老师的。不定代词的定语也放在不定代词之后。5Eg: I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你。15、Im very glad to get a letter from you.很高兴收到你的来信。（1） glad 愉快的，愉悦的。= please ; be glad to do sth 高兴做某事，乐意做某事Eg: Im glad to see you.很高兴见到你。Hes glad to help others.他很乐意帮助别人。be glad of sth/be glad that 从句，
25、因而高兴Eg: Im glad of your success.我为你的成功而感到欣慰。Im glad that you are safe.你安然无恙，我很高兴。（2） get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信。Eg: I get a letter from one of my old friends every year.我每年都收到一位老朋友的来信。 表“收到某人来信时”=hear from sb.Eg: Can you hear from your parents every month?你每个月都能收到你父母的来信吗？No,but I can hear from my
26、sister.不能，不过我可以收到我妹妹的来信。 write to sb./write sb a letter. 给某人写信Eg: Do you write to your family every month?你每个月都给家人写信吗？I write to Uncle Li every week.我每周都跟李叔叔写信。Xiao Mei writes her mother a letter once a week.小梅每周都给她妈妈写一封信二、重点词语：1. in front of 在的前面2. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信3. next to 靠近 4. give back 归还
27、5. for a while 一会儿6. go upstairs 上楼7. have a look 看一看8. put away 把收起来9. play with a ball 玩球10. on the second floor 在第二层11. look after 照顾；照看；照料；保管三、重点句型:1. Why not go upstairs and have a look?(1) go upstairs 上楼 go downstairs 下楼(2) have a look 看have a look at 看have a walk 散步have a bath 洗澡have a swim 游
28、泳have a talk 谈话have a rest 休息(3) Why not+动词原形 ?句型是提建议的一种表达法，形同“Why dont + 人称代词 + 动词原形上+ ？”。这样的句型常用来启发或建议某人做某事。回答常用：Ok, lets/All right./Thats a good idea.2. Please give it back soon.请尽快地把它还给我。6give back:(=return)归还：代词作宾语时应放在 give 和 back 的中间，如果是名词作宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后面。例如：give the book back;/give back the b
29、ook.give it back / give them back类似的短语还有 put away, put on, try on, take off, 3.Lets play computer games for a while.让我们玩一会儿电脑吧。(1) play computer games 玩电脑游戏(2) Lets =Let us 后接动词原形：让我们 4.My pet dog plays with the ball everywhere.我的宠物狗在家里到处玩球。(1) everywhere=here and there 处处；到处(2) play with 其后接人时，意为“与
30、玩”其后接物时，意为“玩（单纯地玩耍）”play football, play basketball, play volleyball 指技术性较高的运动5.There is a watermelon and lots of apples in the box.箱子里有一个西瓜和许多苹果。(1) lots of =a lot of 许多的；大量的，用来修饰名词There are a lot of students in that school. （=many）There was a lot of snow last year.(=much)Theres a lot of rice in the bag.(=much)
