1、11.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management 主持会议六大准则1.If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。2.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of ti
2、me. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.2.总要准时开会。如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。3.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed durin
3、g the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.3.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。4.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be
4、contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings.4.学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。5.Keep the di
5、scussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting
6、 is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participantsvaluable time.5.让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者
7、对问题意见不同时。如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人交换一下意见。如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。6.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to ke
8、ep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism.6.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。7.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the
9、 meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility
10、as an effective meeting manager.7.准时结束会议。如果你说了会议不会超过 1 小时，那就要保证会议只持续 1 小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会2议的人的信誉。2. Network Security 网络安全1. As more Americans do more things online, Internet identity theft is a growingand very costlyproblem. Consider the following ten as
11、pects and learn the best ways to protect yourself.1.随着美国网民不断增多，互联网使用越来越频繁，互联网身份失窃成了一个日益严重且代价昂贵的问题。阅读以下十条建议，学会保护自己隐私的最佳方式。2. Guard Your Personal Information. Never respond to requests for personal or account information online (or over the phone). When your social security number is requested as an i
12、dentifier, ask if you can provide alternate information. Watch out for convincing imitations of banks, card companies, charities and government agencies. Use legitimate sources of contact information to verify requests for information, such as your financial institutions official website or the tele
13、phone number listed on statements. 2.保护个人信息。绝不在网上（或通过电话)回复任何索取个人信息或 账户信息的请求。当网络运营商要求你输入社会保障号码作为确认标识时，询问是否能够提供其他信息代替社会保障代号。小心警惕那些伪装成银行、信用卡公司、慈善组织和政府机构的网站，它们总是伪装得很逼真。使用来源于官方的联系方式来验证个人信息索取请求（是否可靠） ，例如金融机构的官方网址，或是结算单上的电话号码。3. Dont overshare. Dont divulge your birth date, mothers maiden name, pets name o
14、r any other identifying information on social media websites such as Facebook, Linkedln or Twitter. 3.忌过度共享个人信息。在类似于 Facebook、LinkedIn 和 Twitter 的社交网站上，不要泄露你的生日、母亲的娘家姓、宠物的名字或其他任何涉及身份的信息。4. Stay Up to Date. Install anti-virus software on your computer and keep it updated. Use the latest version of yo
15、ur web browser. Install security patches and software updates as soon as they are ready to install. 4.经常更新电脑。在电脑上安装杀毒软件，经常更新病毒库。使用最新版本的网络浏览器。及时安装安全补丁和软件更新。 5. Make it Difficult. Use unique and hard-to-guess passwords. Dont access secure websites using public Wi-Fi. 5.密码设置得复杂些。使用难猜的密码，不要使用公共无线网络登录安 全
16、性网站。 6. Beware of Fake Online Sweepstakes and Contests. All offers that require payment or private information before giving an award are bogus. Take the time to check out the validity of an offer. Ask for contact information from the sender and details about the company running the contest. Once yo
17、u start asking a lot of questions and make it clear you wont be pushed to make an immediate decision, most scammers will go away. 6.注意分辨虚假的网络彩票和竞赛中奖信息。在赠送奖品之前要求支付一定金额或填写个人信息的中奖信息都是虚假的。任何一条中奖信息，你都要花一点时间确认其真伪，例如询问寄件人的联络方式和负责组织竞赛的公 司的详情。一旦你开始询问这些问题，并且明确表示不会匆忙做决定，大多数骗子都会知难而退。 37. Go Paperless. Enroll in
18、 electronic statements, use direct deposit, and make bill payments online (to avoid mail theft).7.无纸化。直接登记注册电子交易协议书，进行网上直接存款和网上直 接支付（以防止邮件失窃)。8. Dont Believe the Work at Home Hype. Thoroughly conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can. If i
19、n doubt, visit a local law enforcement office and ask their opinion. All offers to earn pay for re-shipping goods sent to your address are bogus. Tragically, some work-from-home scams not only enlist the individual to defraud others, they also make an identity fraud victim out of the individual!8.不要
20、相信传得天花乱坠的家居办公模式。通过电话咨询和网络搜索对鼓吹这种模式的公司进行全面的背景调查。如果调查结果令人置疑，可以咨询当地执法机构的意见。所有寄到你的地址声称通过转运物品即可赚取薪水的信息都是编造的。可悲的是，一些家庭办公骗局不仅使不知情的个人沦为他们欺骗行为的协同犯，也成为了身份诈骗的受害者。9. Ask What Your Bank Is Doing to Protect You. Understand banks guarantees for fraud protection: all large providers now offer zero-liability protect
21、ion for debit and credit cards, while a few offer a guarantee for online banking transactions. 9.询问你的银行的隐私保护措施。了解银行在预防诈骗方面的保障措施，一些大型银行现在提供对借记卡和信用卡的免责保护，也有一些银行提供网银交易安全保障。 10. Keep a Close Eye on Your Finances. Monitor your bank and credit card accounts weekly. Sign up for alerts to be sent to your mo
22、bile phone or email. Monitor your credit and public information online to spot unauthorized activity. Free credit reports from each of the three major credit bureaus are available each year through . Optional fee-based services offer more extensive monitoring of credit information, personal identity
23、 records, social security numbers and online transactions. 10.密切注意个人财政状况。每周关注你的银行账户、信用卡使用有无异常，申请手机或电子邮件警示业务。监测你的网络信用信息和公共信息，及时发现未授权的活动。每年通过 ，你可以选取三大信用机构中的任何一个向你提供免费信用报告。你还可以选择收费项目，获取对信用信息、个人身份记录、社会保障号码和其他网上交易活动的更全面的监测服务。11. Report It. If youre a victim of online fraud, contact the authorities. You c
24、an file an online report with the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)a partnership between the FBI, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Also contact your local police to file a report. The more people who report such crimes, the more criminals are arrested
25、. 11.最后一招，举报。如果你已经是网络诈骗的受害者，联系官方机构。 你可以在网上向互联网犯罪举报中心联邦调查局的合作伙伴之一)、国家白 领犯罪中心或司法援助局举报，也可以向当地警署举报。越多的人举报这些 犯罪行为，越多的罪犯就将被绳之以法。 3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的1 Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten .Wisdom was not at the top o
26、f the graduate mountainbut there in the sandpile at nursery school 41大部分在生活中真正需要的，包括怎样生活，该做些什么，又该怎样去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。2 These are the things I learned：Share everything. Play fairDont hit peoplePut things back where you found them. Clean up your own messDont take things that are
27、nt yoursSay youre sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you eat. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for youLive a balanced lifeLearn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday some 2. 以下就是我从幼儿园中学到的。分享所有的东西：行为光明磊落；不要攻击别人；东西要放回原处；自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好；不
28、要拿走不属于自己的东西；如果 你伤害了别人就得道歉；饭前洗手；热的甜点和凉的牛奶对身体有益；生活要有张有弛，学点东西、想点问题、写写画画、唱唱跳跳，休息和工作，每样事天天都要干一点。 3 Take a nap every afternoonWhen you go out into the world，watch for trafficHold hands and stick together. Be aware of wonderRemember the little seed in the plastic cup? The roots go down and the plant goes u
29、p and nobody really knows how or whybut we are all like that. 3. 每天下午小睡一会儿。当大家外出时，注意交通安全，记得手挽手，彼此互相扶持。多多注意那些生活的奇迹。你一定还记得那个塑料杯里的小小的种子吧，它不断 地往下扎根，枝叶不断地向空中伸展。没有人真正知道它在怎样生长，也不知道是为了什么。但有一点很明白，我们也像他们一样地长大。4Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cupthey all die. So do
30、we. 4看着金鱼、仓鼠以及小白鼠甚至是花盆中小小的一颗种子，最后他们的生命部将消亡。我们明白自己同样也不能避免。5And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word you learned，the biggest word of all：LookEverything you need to know is in there somewhereThe Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation. Ecology and politics and sane living. 5同
31、时还记得迪克与珍妮的书，以及从书中学到的第一个词，也是最了不起的一个词：观察。你所需要了解的任何事情：包括为人的准则、爱、应注意的基本卫生，生态环境和政治哲学以及健全的生活方式，你都能在该书的某个地方找到答案。6Think of what a better world it would be if we allthe whole worldhad cookies and milk about 3 oclock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap or if we had a basic policy in
32、our nations to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own messesAnd it is still true，no matter how old you are，when you go out into the world，it is better to hold hands and stick together.6. 想一想，如果我们大家全世界所有的人每天下午 3 点左右都能够享受甜点和牛奶，然后盖上被单美美的睡上一小会儿；如果每一个国家都能够遵循一个基本 的立国之道，即东西放回原处，自
33、己弄脏的地方自己收拾好，那么这个世界将是多么的美好啊。无论你年龄有多大，当你出去时，当你进入社会之时，最好是和别人手牵手，相互扶持，团结一致。无论如何，这是一个颠扑不破的真理。 4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判1. The US is an attractive market. Its business culture, which has brought the world 5“shareholder value” and “IPOs”, has been leading commercial thinking in recent yea
34、rs and will continue to do so. But whoever wants to succeed in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.1.美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和 “首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几 年内还将保持。但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。 2. US business is described by the lyrics of the song New York, New York: “If you can m
35、ake it here, you can make it anywhere!” Yet a euphoric approach to business is by no means enough. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ruthlessly focused. 2.美国的商业，在纽约，纽约这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果 你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!”但是愉快的做生意 的方法是绝对不够的。虽然在美国的商业沟通是愉
36、快的和自在的，但是它同 时也因为不讲情面而成为焦点。 3. Communicating is a natural talent of Americans. When negotiating partners meet, the emphasis is on small talk and smiling. There is liberal use of a sense of humor that is more direct than it is in the UK. If you give a talk in America, you should speak in a relaxed way
37、 and with plenty of jokes to capture your audiences attention. 3.沟通是美国人与生俱来的才能。双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重 要的。美国人比英国人更幽默也更直接。如果你和美国人谈话，要很放松并 且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。 4. Informality is the rule. Business partners renounce their academic titles on their business cards. Sandwiches and drinks in plastic or boxes are ser
38、ved during conferences. Your business partners tend to act casually in the office and chat about their family. 4.美国人不拘礼节。商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。 会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。你的生意伙伴很可 能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。5. The attitude “time is money” has more influence on business communication in the US than it does
39、anywhere else. After the neutral warm-up, US negotiating partners quickly get to the point. Even social get-togethers are often used to discuss business matters.5.“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领 域都强。在简单的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方很快地切入主题，甚至社会上举 办的联欢会都会被利用来讨论生意。 6. Although Americans do business in a very pragmatic w
40、ay, they want to win. Developing a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as getting results. 6.美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。相比之下，发展与商业伙 伴的个人关系就不是那么重要了。 7. And US negotiators tend to want those results fast. As financial results are reported every quarter, it is essential to secur
41、e profitability on a short-term basis. For this reason, many US contracts contain the provision “time is of the essence” within their preamble. Hence, US impatience in negotiations should not be perceived as impoliteness, but as the corollary of “time is money”.7.而且美国谈判者想最快地获得结果。金融情况时刻受到关注，这对在 短期内保证
42、收益很重要。因此，许多美国契约在前言里面包含“时间就是生 命”这一条款。所以美国人谈判很性急，但这不应该被理解成无礼，而是因 为“时间就是金钱”的理念在起作用。8. This attitude has a strong influence on negotiations, since strategic alliances and other 6long-term projects are evaluated in terms of their potential to achieve a quick return on investment. 8.因为战略合作和其他的长期项目都是以其潜在的快
43、速投资回报率来进行评价的，这种态度会对谈判有很大的影响。9. Because the Asian negotiating approach tends to be long-term in nature, it is one of the main reasons why so many joint ventures and alliances between US and Asian companies have failed to meet expectations. 9.亚洲人谈判的时间历来很长，这也是为什么美国和亚洲的很多企业合 作起来却没有达到预期效果的一个主要原因。10. When
44、 doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations into account. 10.当你在美国经商时，以下的这些事情是值得考虑一下的。 11. Conducting negotiations on a highly professional level and making presentations with the help of state-of-the-art technology is appreciated in the US. You should observe a negotiate
45、d agenda, or even a draft agreement. The negotiation will proceed in a well-prepared, calm, matter-of-fact and pragmatic manner, all laced with a substantial dose of humor. 11.艺术般地将谈判内容呈现出来，引导一个专业的、高水平的谈判，这 在美国很受欢迎。制定一个谈判议程，甚至是一个协定草案。谈判将会在准 备充分、平和、实事求是的状态中进行，并且气氛轻松幽默。 12. Present and market your cas
46、e in a positive way. You should not be too modest about your own companys products, services, and market position. Instead, take a “can-do” attitude. 12.在介绍自己公司情况的时候，要很积极。对自己公司的产品、服务和 在市场上的地位都不要说得太谦虚。要釆取一种乐观进取的态度，让对方觉 得你能行。13. Moreover, do not be misled by your negotiating partners relaxed style of
47、communication. Subjects such as religion, politics or ethnic background should only be touched on cautiously, even in private conversation. 13.还有，不要被你的谈判合伙人放松的沟通方式所误导。诸如宗教、政 治或种族等，这些问题一定要慎重提及 1，即使是在私人的交谈中也应如此。14. The casual attitude in the US does not mean there is no hierarchy in US companies. On t
48、he contrary, status is expressed in a very subtle way, and it may take some time to gain a detailed understanding of the ranking system.14.这种不拘礼节的态度并不意味着在美国的公司中没有等级制度。相 反，每个人的身份地位会以一种非常微妙的方式表现出来，而要真正理解这 种表达方式是需要一定时间的。 5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料1.Although recent years have seen substantial red
49、uctions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally 7established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive s
