1、JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS & JOB SAFETY OBSERVATION工作安全分析及工作安全观察by Frank FanHealth, Safety & Environment Vice President,Oct. 13, 2011,Why Should We Focus on Behaviors to Reduce Injuries?为什么重视行为来降低意外事故之发生,At-Risk Behavior,Near Miss,Minor Injury,Serious Injury,Fatality,REACTIVE,PROACTIVE,SESSION OUTLINE,JSA
2、Introduction & Procedure 工作安全分析介绍及程序JSA Workshop工作安全分析讨论JSO Introduction & Procedure 工作安全观察介绍及程序Feedback on JSO工作安全观察的反馈Exercise with Video/ Photos,THE SAFETY TRIANGLE 安全三角形,ENGINEERING工程,RULES, PROCEDURES, TRAINING 规则、程序、训练,BEHAVIOR行为,JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS,Definition:A method of breaking a job down i
3、nto specific steps or tasks, identifying hazards associated with each step and determining the actions to be taken in order to prevent an incident. 将工作细分为各步骤及任务，确认每一步骤有关之危害，并决定避免发生意外应采取之行动（预防措施）Requirement:Location department managers, in conjunction with their area supervision, should determine whi
4、ch JSAs each area will be completed. 部门主管及各级主管决定该部门应进行工作安全分析之工序,JSA Priority 优先顺序,New jobs that involve hazardous work, the potential for an incident or may involve potential environmental impacts.新工作流程涉及危害作业或潜在环境影响Revised tasks involving hazardous work or potential environmental impacts.修订的涉及危害作业者或
5、潜在环境影响Those jobs resulting in past incidents or near misses throughout the industry.业界曾发生意外事件或近似意外事件之工作Those jobs representing a greater potential for an incident.有较高的发生意外事件可能之工作Other identified hazardous works其他危险工作,Procedure for Performing a JSA 执行工作安全分析,Identify the Steps of Job 鉴定一项工作之各个程序Establ
6、ish the Steps 建立各个工作步骤Observe the job to identify the hazard and their clauses 观察分析的工作以鉴定危害性及原因,Establishing the Steps 建立各个工作步骤,Describe what is done using available procedures.描述采用什么工作程序Most jobs can be broken into twelve (12) steps or less.大部分工作可以区分为12个或更少之步骤Should not be too detailed or too broad
7、.不应该太详细或太笼统Review with operator to make sure the steps are in the proper order.和操作人员一同讨论，以确认正确之工作顺序List Steps on JSA Worksheet在JSA工作表上列出工作步骤,Observing the Job to Identify Hazards and Their Causes 观察分析的工作以鉴定其危害性及原因,Select an employee to observe.选定一位同仁进行观察Discuss with the selected employee与该选定的同仁一同讨论I
8、dentify the materials, tools, equipment, chemicals, and protective apparatus associated with each step.鉴定各个步骤之物料、工具、设备、化学品及防护装置Identify the potential hazards or incidents确认潜在的危害或事故Develop solutions to eliminate the causes of the potential incidents.发展减低潜在意外事故原因之对策,Controlling the Hazards and Risks 控
9、制危害及风险,List the precautions taken to avoid the potential hazard:Job change solution改变工作之解决方案:Is there an entirely different or better way of doing the job? 是否有完全不同或者是更好的工作方式？Identify the objectives of the job.确认工作之目标Consider different tools, materials, equipment, and methods. 考量不同的工具、材料、设备及方式Reduced
10、 or increased frequency减低或增加频率:Good for cleaning and repair types of jobs.良好清理和维修工作型态Solution, instructions and new steps listed on the JSA worksheet. JSA工作表所列的对策、指引和新步骤,Submitting the JSA 提交工作安全分析,Check the controls确认管制措施：Will controls prevent the potential hazard from occurring? 管制措施是否可避免潜在危害之发生？R
11、eview controls with the employee observed and area supervision.与被观察之员工及该区域主管检讨管制措施。Finalize the JSA工作安全分析(JSA)之定稿:Job steps properly identified. Listed in chronological order.Identified tools, equipment, materials, and protective gear.确认工具、设备、物料及防护装置All potential hazards developed, checked and addre
12、ssed.所有潜在危害之发觉、检查及标明Review with all affected employees.与所有受影响员工来探讨Submit the JSA to area management &HSE leader 提交JSA给厂长及环安卫人员。,JSA Workshop,Initial by line employee, review by supervisor and HSE 练习,Purpose目的: Evaluate conformance to established work instructions or procedures for a specific task 评估
13、已建立的工作指导书或程序的执行状况Evaluate the adequacy of the procedure to protect the employee 对保护员工而言，评估工作程序的适当性Identify additional conditions/hazards that may exist in performing the task 识别在执行工作时，可能存在额外的状况或危害Provide reinforcement for safe behaviors, compliance with procedures 对安全行为及遵守程序进行正面鼓励及强化,Job Safety Obse
14、rvation 工作安全观察,Job Safety Observation工作安全观察,Procedure: 程序Select a task for the JSO 选择要进行工作安全观察的工作Review the JSA or work instruction for the task 检讨该工作的工作安全分析（已建立）或工作程序书Perform the observation 进行观察Evaluate and provide feedback 评估并进行反馈Document results 记录观察的结果Focus on the task performed, not on the peo
15、ples performance/ compliance 观察针对工作的进行，而非对人员进行考核及惩处之依据！,Review JSA or work instruction 审核工作安全分析或工作指导书,PPE requirements 正确地使用个人防护具？Tool requirements是否正确使用工具？Identified hazards, warnings, cautions 识别危害、警告及注意事项Steps associated with the task 执行工作的步骤If no specific JSA or work instruction is available, di
16、scuss procedure with employee briefly before beginning observation 如果没有JSA或工作程序，在观察前与进行工作的员工讨论工作流程,Perform the Observation 进行观察,Make sure the employee understands what you are doing 确认员工知道你在进行工作安全观察 Make sure you stay out of the way 确认自己的安全防护(dont stand next to the HF handling when the employee has
17、to be in chemical goggles, face shield and chemical resistant clothes),Perform the Observation Checking: 进行观察时检查,PPE use and condition of PPE 个人防护具的使用及状况Presence and condition of safety equipment as needed (e.g. safety guard) 所需安全装备的状况(如安全护围)Tool use and condition 工具的使用和状况Handling of hazardous chemi
18、cals 危险化学品的操作Performing steps in the proper order 正确的工作进行顺序Performing all task steps 执行所有工作步骤Potential exposures such as: 以下的潜在风险Strike against or be struck by an object 被物品撞到或撞击Caught between objects 被物品钩住或夹住Over-exertion or strains 过度施力或扭伤Work pace and position, bending, twisting & ergonomics issu
19、es 工作步调、位置、弯曲、扭伤及人体功效等Slips/trips/falls 滑倒/跌倒/绊倒Hazardous material exposures 危害物质的暴露,Evaluate the results 结果评估,Conformance to procedure? 符合操作程序？Adequacy of procedure? 操作程序的适当性？Equipment and condition issues? 设备或操作状况问题？Ways to reduce exposures 降低暴露的方法Recommendations and feedback? 建议及反馈,Job Safety Observation工作安全观察,Discussion,
