1、Subject Clause,I think “mother” is an important word to learn and that “mother” is an importantperson to love.,object clause 宾语从句,2. It is necessary that we should love ourmothers, respect them and take care of themin future.,subject clause 主语从句,3. My dream is that one day there is no generation gap
2、 between our mums and us.,predicative clause表语从句,Revision Find the subjects in the following sentences.,1. A tree has fallen across the road. 2. You are a student. 3. To find your way can be a problem. 4. Smoking is harmful to you. 5. What she said is not yet known. 6. That we shall be late is certa
3、in. 7. Its certain that we shall be late.,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,1That he will come is certain. 2Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 3What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. 4Which side will win is not clear. 5Why he did it remains a mystery.,Find the subject clauses in
4、 the following sentences,and translate them.,思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？,6When they will start is not known yet. 7How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. 9Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 10Where she is from is unknown.,主语从句的引
5、导词：连词 that , whether 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever), what(ever) 连接副词 where ,when ,why ,how,1.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。_they will sell the house is not yet decided.这里能用if代替whether吗？为什么？if可以引导主语从句,但不能用于句首,而应放在句尾, 用it做形式主语.,汉译英,合作探究,依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如
6、缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。Where he will go is unknown. What you said yesterday is right. That he knows Japanese is known to all. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how
7、 or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known
8、 to us all.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,注 意：,What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance. Whether hell come here is not clear.,1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“
9、whether”引导。,3.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。,4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。,4. 主语从句需注意的问题,2.主语从句中用陈述语序,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present 3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 4. _ well go cam
10、ping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,选择恰当的连接词,Make sentences,Its certain that we will be late.,That well be late is certain.,We dont know whether he is coming or not,Whether he is coming is not known.,We dont
11、know what he wants to tell us.,What he wants to tell us is not known.,When you will come back doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter when you will come back.,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whet
12、her C That D Where,Choose the best choice,3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. whether B. that C. what D. when 4.What I say and think _ none of your business.A. is B. are C. has D have,2. _ they can solve the question is stillunknown.A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at
13、the meeting astonished everybody.A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as aninternational language.A. There B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious.A. What B. That C. When D. /,注意一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. That we sh
14、all be late is certain.1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,- Its certain that we shall be late.,It is +adj/n that(strange/a pity)It is + v ed that(said/reported.,由连
15、词 whether, 连接代词 what, who, which和 连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导,也常常后置:,Who will do it _been decided(have /has) What he needs _ that book. What he needs _ some books.,is,are,注意三：What 与 that 引导主语从句,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。 .,(1) _you said yesterday is right. (2) _she is sti
16、ll alive is a puzzle,What,That,注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数,注意二,What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,It + be + 形容词 that从句,It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that . 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显,It + be + -ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to us/all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定,用it形式主语的that从句有以
17、下四种不同的搭配：,It + be + 名词 that从句,It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,1. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (
18、2004 上海 春 38)A. as B. which C. what D. that,解析: I thought 是插入语,可以把它去掉不考虑. what 引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语.宾语从句作at的宾语.,直击高考,2. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.（2005 上海-38）A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires,解析: “It is
19、 required that ”是一个固定句式，it作形式主语, that引导的从句为真正的主语。,直击高考,3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 高考真题A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That,答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。”,直击高考,4. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 高考真题A. What B. That C.Which D. Whether,
20、答案是A。“他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶” what 表示“(所说的话)” ,相当于The words (that + /which) he said at the meeting,直击高考,5. _ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. 高考真题A. Because B. That C. / D. What,答案是B。“他变成了富翁, 这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句意, 须用that 引导的主语从句。that 在从句中不担任任何成分, 只起连接作用. That引导主语从句的时候不可省略。,直击高考,Am
21、erica was _ was first called “India” by Columbus.A. that B. where C. what You cant imagine _ a beautiful girl she is.A. how B. what C. that D. who. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. what B.which C. where D. which,C,B,A,when/where/why/ how/ how many/how much.1)I dont know _ he
22、will go.2)Can you explain _you were late this morning?3)_he will come here isnt decided.4) this is _ I was late this morning_I was born in 1971_ I worked out the problem.,where,why,How/when,why,where,how,It is _ you left it. Scientists and engineers are often judged by _ great their achievements are
23、.You dont know _ fast he runs.,how,how,where,_ life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.It is true _ he settled the argument.They are careful about _ they eat. The discussion topic for today is _ schools will be like in the future. _ most of these are now threatened and may disappear
24、is a serious matter to the people in Britain.,what,that,what,what,That,语法:填上适当的关连词完成以下名词性从句. 1_is to take Li Mings place is beingdiscussed 2I got very angry with_he said 3My idea is_we should get more peopleto finish the work 4I wonder_it is true or not 5The problem is_we could helpsmokers kick thei
25、r habit,Who,what,that,whether,how,1. The news which our team had won pleasedeveryone_2. I dont doubt whether he can work out theproblem_3. I have been worrying about if I have hurt herfeeling_4I dont know that he wants_,whichthat,whetherthat,ifwhether,thatwhat,5. The reason why he didnt come is beca
26、usehe was ill. _ 6. Who walks around in such a heavy rain willcatch a cold_ 7I think important that we learn Englishwell_ 8Its not certain that the sports meet will beheld_,becausethat,WhoWhoever,importantit important,thatwhether,9This is the suggestion which we have a tripthe day after tomorrow_10C
27、hina is a great socialist country is wellknown_,whichthat,ChinaThat China,Exx. 1.Some one is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is,D,2. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. if C. whether D. wh
28、y 3.Little Tommy was reluctant (不情愿的, 勉强的)to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.A. that B. how C. where D. what 4. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.方面A. What B. That C. This D. Which,C,D,B,5.The road is covered with snow.
29、I cant understand _ they insist on going by motorbike.A. why B. where C. what D. how 6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how,A,B,1. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江 2008) A. Anyone B.
30、The one C. Whoever D. Who 2. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国卷)What B. Why C. Where D. Which,3. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (上海 2002春) A. What B. That C. This D. Which 4. _ well go camping tomorrow depe
31、nds on the weather. (NMET 1996) A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004上海)A. where B. what C. that D. how,解析: what 引导主语从句, 在从句中做do 的宾语,6. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _
32、I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海)A. as B. which C. what D. that,解析: I thought是插入语, 可以把它去掉不考虑。 what引导宾语从句, 在从句中作主语。宾语从句作at的宾语。,7. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.（2005 上海）A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It
33、 requires,解析: “It is required that ”是一个固定句式, it作形式主语, that引导的从句为真正的主语。,8. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 高考真题A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That,答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。”,9. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 高考真题A. What B. That C. The f
34、act D. The matter,答案是C。“他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶” what 表示“(所说的话)” ,相当于The words (that + /which) he said at the meeting,10. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 高考真题A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”, 引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语。若选A或B, anyone或the person 后应回who,
35、 使其成为由who引导的定语从句, 修饰anyone 或person. 注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。,11. _ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. 高考真题A. Because B. That C. / D. What,答案是B。“他变成了富翁, 这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句意, 须用that 引导的主语从句。that 在从句中不担任任何成分, 只起连接作用。,12. _ I need is more time.A. That B. What C. / D. Which,答案是B。“我所需要的是更多的时间。” 根据题意, 应选what 引志的主语从句, what在职从句中作宾语(what = the thing which).主语从句的关联词不能省略, 故排除C。which 表示“哪一个”, that 无词义, 都与句意不符, 故排除。,
