1、非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,2,什么是非谓语动词啊？,“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!,那不是谓语 是什么呢？,。,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）,有时态，语态的变化,to + do,v-ing,v-ed,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,动名词(doing),分词,现在分词(doing),过去分词(done),动词不定式（to do）,判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词,1._ the dog came over, our friend ran away. (s
2、ee) 1._ from the top of a hill, and youll find the city more beautiful. (see) 2._ you_ the city from the top of a hill, youll find it more beautiful. (see) 4. _more clearly, they came up and got close to it. 5. _from the top of a hill, our house looks like a car.,Seeing,See,If,see,To see,根据句子结构判断是非谓
3、语动词还是谓语动词,一个句子（包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（and可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析句子: 如果句子中没有谓语动词，填上谓语动词（注意时态和语态）， 如果句子中已经有谓语动词，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）,Seen,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有 连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语 动词的使用中起着关键的作用。,The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.
4、 2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book. 3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed. 4. The question _ (discuss) at the meetingyesterday is of great importance. 5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.,opened,reading,Work,discussed,To improve,Wow, you did a v
5、ery good job!,Part 1To-infinitive,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth.,不定式时态的用法,1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生用一般式1) He wanted _ (see) you.2) I hope _(see) you again. 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行式When I came in, he pretended (read) a book. He is sai
6、d to _ (write) a novel now.3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成式He is said _ (write) a novel last year.,to see,to see,to be reading,to have written,be writing,不定式被动形式的用法当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时（即逻辑主语与不定式动作为动宾关系时），用被动语态 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here . The book is said _ (translate) into En
7、glish. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _(hold) tomorrow. I am very pleased _(give) this opportunity. She asked _ (send) to work in Tibet .No one likes _(laugh) at.,to be sent,to have been translated,to be held,她要求被派往西藏工作,to have been given,to be laughed,非谓语动词做主语的区别,不定式、动名词用作主语,1。直接作主语 （1）眼见
8、为实 （2）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益 （3）在这里吸烟很危险,1.To see is to believe 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health. 3.To smoke here is dangerous,（1）眼见为实。 （2）天天做早操有益于健康。 （3）吸烟不是好习惯。,1.Seeing is believing. 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health 3.Smoking is not a good habit,不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不
9、定式to do作主语时表示具体某一次的动作，而动名词v-ing作主语时表示经常的反复发生的动作,句型2：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的 ）,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten.,It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the tea
10、cher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,不定式做主语常用it 做形式主语，特殊句型有：,for,of,of,句型1：It + takes sb +some time + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,to,动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型,（1）为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没用的 （2）在太阳底下读书是没有好处的。 （3）玩电脑游戏是浪费时间的 （4）学好
11、英语是值得做的,4.Its worthwhile learning English well.,用it作形式主语，常与no use,no good,useless, worthwhile连用,1.Its no use crying over the spilt milk,2.Its no good reading in the sun,3.Its a waste of time playing computer games.,小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别,一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法,主语和表语对称,动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作 不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作,I
12、t takes sb some time to do sth,Its no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sth Its important/necessary/hard for sb to do sth,非谓语动词做表语的区别,1. 他的爱好是听音乐。 2. 我的工作是教英语。,1.His hobby is listening to music. 2.My job is teaching English.,1. 我的目标是提高你们的英语。 2. 他的梦想是进入一所著名大学。,1
13、.My goal is to improve your English. 2.His dream is to enter a key university.,动名词与不定式作表语的区别： 动名词v-ing作表语时表示日常反复发生的动作，而不定式to do作表语时表示将要去做的动作。,注意： 当句子的主语是aim, goal, hope,wish,purpose, plan, ambition等为中心的名词时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明将来的动作。,最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染,The most important thing is _ (take) measures to preven
14、t the pollution.,to take,注: 作表语的不定式都带to, 但当主语部分有实义动词do时, to可以省略。,Now the only thing we can do is wait.,非谓语动词做宾语的区别看创新设计P138-139,I find/feel to work with him interesting ,I find/feel it interesting to work with him,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。,句型：S+ find/think/feel/make/ consi
15、der/ believe+it +adj/n+ to do sth.,翻译：1.我们认为早点开始是有必要的。 2.我觉得保护环境是我们的责任。 3.我认为遵守法律是重要的。,1.We thought it necessary to start early. 2. I feel it our duty to protect the environment. 3.We think it important to obey the law.,注意：it作形式宾语,非谓语动词做定语的区别,1. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps_from the l
16、ibrary. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing.,2. The bottle _ vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. A. to contain B. to be contained C. contained D.containing. 3. He told me that he had a composition _. A. to write B. to be written C. written D. writing.,非谓语动词作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动
17、作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词v-ed，表示动作被动、完成。,非谓语动词做定语的所有形式,主动或进行,将要做,将要被做,正在被做,被动或完成,1. The meeting _(hold) last week was important. 2. The meeting _(hold) now is important. 3.The meeting _(hold) next week is important. 4. Do you know the man _(speak ) at the meeting? 5. Do you know the man _( praise
18、) at the meeting?,6. There was an old temple _ ( stand ) at the top of the hill. 7. There is a sports meeting _( hold ) next Tuesday. 8. There was an old man _( live) in the village.,做定语的其它注意事项, 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a teaching met
19、hod =a method for teaching 教学方法 必 背 a drawing board 画板 a sewing machine 缝纫机 a swimming pool 游泳池 a waiting room 候车室 a dining car 餐车 a driving permit 驾驶许可证 a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a walking stick 手杖,停车场 建筑材料 舞厅 游泳池 计算器,a _ dog 狂吠的狗 a _ baby 熟睡的婴儿 _ sight 逐渐衰退的视力 the _ sun 落日 the _ week 下一周 约定的时间 被穿
20、破的鞋子 被虐待的动物,barking,sleeping,failing,setting,coming,the appointed time,the worn-out shoes,the abused animal,2. v-ing表主动，v-ed表被动,3. ed形式和ing形式作定语的区别 动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。 the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在
21、飘落的叶子 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家,4. 不定式做定语的特殊规则,1.不定式与所修饰词的有同位关系，即不定式短语说明前面名词的内容。,这样的名词常用的有：way, ability, chance，opportunity， reason，need，right，等。,1). They have now an opportunity _ abroad to study further. 2). The farmers thought of ways _ (protect) their crops.,to go,to pr
22、otect,2.不定式修饰的名词前有the only，the last，the next，序数词(first, second,)或形容词最高级形容时，常用不定式作后置定语,She is the best woman to do the job.,3. 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动） 比较： have some clothes to wash have some clothes to be washed,自己洗,别人洗,1) Mr.
23、Smith，I have some questions_ (ask).2) Please give me some books_ (read).3) Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？,to ask,to read,to be sent,Practice: 1.I have a large house to_ .(live) 2.Please give me some paper to_ .(write) 3.Can you give me a chair to _ ? (sit) 4.He is lookin
24、g for a room _(live). 5.Please give me a knife _(cut). 6.Theres nothing to _. (worry) 7.He has a pen to _.(write) 8. There are 5 pairs of shoes to_.(choose),live in,write on,sit on,注意:如果不定式部分的动词是不及物动词,且与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时,则需带上相应的介词,to live in,to cut with,worry about,write with,choose from,1. We are lookin
25、g for a room _. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with 3.I have something important to say. please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I
26、use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen （写）,to write on,to write with,Practice,非谓语动词做宾补的区别 看创新设计P139,advise ,allow ,ask beg, cause（促使） , expect ,encourage , force ，forbid get, help, invite ,order, promise ,permit , persuade request, require, remind，tell, teach wish, want, warn ,sb. to do,Verb +sb/s
27、th + to do sth,see watch look at notice observe hear listen to feel,+,sb/sth,+,do doing done,make let have,Verb +sb/sth + to do sth,吾看三室两厅一感觉,I often hear them sing this song.,Did you notice anyone come in ? I would have him wait for me for a long time.,注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如：,He is oft
28、en heard _ the song,He was seen _ the room.,to sing,to enter,理解： I saw someone come in. I saw someone coming in.,我看到有人进来了。（已进来）,我看到有人正往里来（正在走）,sb. be,seen watched looked at heard listened to felt noticed,+,to do,made let,理解： I saw someone come in. I saw someone coming in. He had his horse _ (jump) o
29、ver the fence. The lady was watched _ (leave) her room silence. He made the boy _ (clean) room. Did you notice anyone _ (enter) my room? Though he had often made his little sister_ (cry), today he was made _ (cry) by his little sister.,8. Last night the girls were heard _ (sing) in theclassroom. 9.
30、The local people were made _ (leave). 10. Some children were observed _ (pick)the flowers.,我看到有人进来了。（已进来）,我看到有人正往里来（正在走）,jump,to leave,clean,enter,cry,to cry,to sing,to leave,to pick up,1. 让，使 have sb. do sth.= get 让某人做某事 have sth. done 让某事被做 例： I have him _ (repair) my watch. =I have my watch _ (re
31、pair).have sb./ sth. doing 让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态 例： I had my car waiting outside. I wont have you smoking.,比较 have的用法,repair,repaired,I had him _ (repair) my bike.= I got him _ (repair) my bike. 2. It is too cold, so we have the fire _ （burn) all night long. 3. She has a meeting _.(attend) 4. He had m
32、e _ (wait) for a long time.,repair,to repair,burning,waiting,to attend,sb. to do sth.,2. 有 have sth. to do 有某事要做,非谓语动词做状语的区别,1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调.,He went to see the artist himself.He stopped to have a look.He ran so fast as to get to school in time,2). 结果状语:主要用在enou
33、gh to/tooto/only to结构中。,The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work.,3). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to do,表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.,Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home,
34、不定式作状语的三种形式,only to 结构中不定式作结果状语, 其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。,I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.,我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。,He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.,现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果,Part 2Bare infinitive,不定式在一些动词后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to. 但这种句子如果变为被动结构,to要补上.,省略现象小结1,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,not
35、ice,常见动词有:,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,动词用法很多,要努力记哟!,半帮助：,help,“前有do,后无to; 前无do, 后有to”. 1.不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to. 2. 不定式在系动词 后作表语时, 当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。,Practice: (1). She could do nothing but _ (cry).She could say nothing but _
36、 (cry)I have no choice but _(cry) (2). What I want to do now is _ (find) some books to read.,省略现象小结2,cry,to cry,(to) find,to cry,在固定词组和句型中省略to,省略现象小结3,Practice: Youd better not _ (do) it. They would rather _ (try) and fail than _ (give up) the plan.,常见的固定搭配有: 1. had better do/ had better not do 2. w
37、ould rather do sth. than do sth. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 3. cannot but do sth./ cant help but do sth不得不- cant choose but do sth只得 4. why not do sth? 表建议,do,try,give up,比较：cant help doing sth cant help to do sth,在and, or, than, rather than等词连接两个不定式并列在一起时,第二个不定式的 to 可以省略,省略现象小结4,I promise
38、to finish my homework and hand it on time. Do you want to go shopping or watch a film. I decided to write rather than phone.,注：当两个不定式表对比意义或加强语气，第二个to不省为好。,It is easier to say than to do. To go out or to stay home is up to you.,Yesterday I did nothing but _ (watch) TV. He wanted nothing but _ (enjoy)
39、 himself at the moment. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ (lay) down their guns. We can not choose but _ (hear). Bod did nothing except _ (play) tennis. We had nothing to do except _ (fight) against the pollution. It had no effect except _ (make) him angry.,watch,to enjoy,to lay,hear,pl
40、ay,fight,to make,另：nothing but仅仅，只不过,只有 I want nothing but the best for my children.Youre nothing but a thief.,我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。,你只不过是个小偷。,非谓语动词讲解,动词不定式省略to词组 had better, would rather, had rather, rather than, cant (help) but, might as well（不妨） Lets finish the work today rather than _ (leave) it off ti
41、ll tomorrow.句型 Why not Why not join us?在介词but, except, besides前面的结构中，有行为动词do, choose ( do / choosebut do sth.其它动词 but to do sth. ) I did nothing but_ (wait) for you. There seemed nothing else to do but _(wait) for you. I couldnt choose but_ (wait) . I had no choice but_ (wait) for you.,wait,wait,to
42、wait,wait,leave,注意,作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,模拟训练 ：,1.My teacher was made _ his teachingbecause of poor health. A. g
43、iving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2. -I usually go to Shanghai by train-Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go,3. The teacher asked us_so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 4. -The light in the office is
44、 still on.-Oh, I forgot .A. turning it off B. turn it off C having turned it off D. to turn it off 5. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 6. Not everybody has the ability in public.A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
45、7. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class.A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen,8. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?- _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting9. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating,Thanks a lot!,
