1、2013年高考情态动词和虚拟语气专题复习,1shall(1)用于征求对方的意见或指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。Has Mr Wang arrived?王先生到了吗？Yes，already.Shall he wait outside or just come in?是的，已经到了。他是进来，还是在外面等？,(2)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称中，并用于陈述句。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。,(3)用于第三人称，表示法律、法规、条令规定的内容。The scho
2、ol rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.学校制度规定,除非有家长陪伴,任何孩子不准离开学校。,2must(1)表示“必须”（主观），have to（客观）(2)表示禁止(用于否定句)Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。(3)表示“偏执”、“固执”Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?为什么在别人正学习
3、的时候,你非得这么大声说话呢？,3should(1)应该（表示“劝告、建议”）You should follow the doctors advice. I think it will do good to you.你应该听医生的建议。我想那对你有好处。(2)竟然，居然I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.我很惊奇你居然用那种口气说话。,4would 与used towould 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。He would
4、come to see us on Sundays.过去他经常星期天来看望我们。Our company used to do business with theirs.过去我们公司和他们的公司常有业务往来。,5can 和could 的用法（1）表示允许或请求Can /Could you lend me a hand?你能帮我下吗？(2) 表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？,(3) cannot.too/enough 表示“无论也不过分” “越越好”。You cant be too careful w
5、hile driving.开车时越小心越好。,(4) cant but do /cant help but do /cant choose but do “不得不做，只得做” I cant but choose to go.,6will与would(1)表请求Will / would you please close the window?(2) 表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。I will do everything for you.(2008北京卷)John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he never smoke
6、d ever since.约翰答应医生不再吸烟了，并且从那时起他再也不吸烟了。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he wont listen.我一再告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。,(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作Fish will die without water. Every time she was in trouble，she would turn to him for help.,(4)表示功能(能，行)，用于否定句常表“拒绝” If you dont have a pen, a pencil will do. We
7、tried the door again，but it wouldnt open.,7may 与might(1)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。You may/might as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。We may/might as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。注意：may well 主要用于加强推测的语气，表示具有较大的可能性。 It may well be true. 那很可能是真的。 （2）may 表“祝愿”May you succeed!,(3)may 作“可以
8、”讲时，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must 作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt.,8.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.尤其用于：,否定句及疑问句中;,2.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,
9、3.dare有其过去时dared.,He dared/ needed to escape.,判断正误:,How dare you say such a thing?1. How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?2. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.3. Nobody need be af
10、raid of catching the disease.,4. need 的被动含义：need，want, require, （表“需要”）后面接doing 主动表示被动, need doing =need to be done,5. dare 用于否定句中，后面的to可以省略 He doesnt dare (to) answer. 另：I dare say “我想”为固定结构。,1.(2010江苏卷)I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. Yo
11、u_ have it by Friday.AcouldBshall Cmust Dmay2(2011潍坊质量监测)When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we _ often go to the cinema together.Awould BwillCshall Dcould,3(2010福建毕业班检查)For environmental reasons，we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.Ashould BwouldCmight Dcould4(
12、2010南通二模)Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No，it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now.Ashouldnt BshantCmustnt Dneednt,1can 用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”（强调客观的、一时的可能性）；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be th
13、at he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能迟到会议呢？(2008福建卷)It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡通常在三月份很暖和，但有时会相当冷。,2may，might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not 意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。(2009辽宁卷)The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a b
14、it late，so could you save me a place?最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿，因此请你给我留个位子好吗？(2008全国卷)Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行，她厌恶旅行。,3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。(2009重庆卷)Hi，Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom. I saw her there jus
15、t now.,注：can/could, may/might, must在表推测时后面可以加do, be doing, have done,分别对现在，现在进行或过去的推测。,表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成He must be reading, _ he?You must do it yourself, _ you?He must have gone over the article, _he?It must have rained last night, _ it?,isnt,dont,hasnt,didnt,4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，表示根据常规、事理、经验作出的判断，即含有
16、“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。(2010淄博检测)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city.现在北京的公共交通非常便利，所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。,1.(2010浙江卷)“You _ have a wrong number，” she said，“Theres no one of that name here.”Aneed BcanCmust Dwould2(2010烟台二模)I think Ill
17、give Bob a ring.You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.Awill BmayChave to Dshould,3(2010济宁一模)When shall we hold the meeting?It _ be better to put it off until next week.Amust BcouldCcan Dwill,1can/could have done 表示推测“过去可能”，用于否定或疑问句，其中cant have done 多用于语气强烈的否定, “不可能做过”。 (2008天津卷)She cant
18、have left school，for her bike is still here.她的自行车现在还在这儿，她不可能已经离开了学校。 could have done 还可以暗含虚拟，“本能够做，而实际上未做”The accident could have been avoided.这场事故本来是可以避免的。,2may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。I cant find my purse anywhere.我到处找不到我的钱包。You may have lost it while shopping.你可
19、能在购物的时候弄丢了。 might have done 可暗含虚拟，“本可能做而实际上未做”。What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done better.,3must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。(2009上海卷)It must have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。,4should/ought to h
20、ave done 用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事，而实际上未做”；用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。Im not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才不应该吃那么多的炸鸡。You oughtnt to have been late for yesterdays class meeting，as it was so important.昨天的班会你本不应该迟到，因为它很重要。,5neednt have done 表示“本来不必做某事而实
21、际上却做了”。I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.其实我本没必要买这么多酒，只来了三个人。,1.(2010潍坊教学质量抽样监测)Her English composition is much too perfect. She _it herself，I bet.Amight have written Bcant have writtenCcant write Dmust have written2(20103月浙江金华十校联考)Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday
22、party yesterday？Well，I_，but I had something important to do the moment.Ashould BmustCshould have Dmust have,3(2010安徽卷)Jack described his father，who _a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man.Awould be Bwould have beenCmust be Dmust have been4(2010山东卷)I _ have watched that movieitll give me ho
23、rrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt,注意：(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.=Had you taken my advice, 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。,(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间状语选
24、择适当的动词形式，这称为“错综时间条件句”或“混合虚拟语气”。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。 (从句指过去，主句指现在),(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定，这称为“含蕴条件句”。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your
25、help(=If we hadnt had your help )，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。I was busy that day. Otherwise, I would have gone there with them. (=If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。,1.(2010湖南卷)If he _ my advice，he wouldnt have lost his j
26、ob.AfollowedBshould followChad followed Dwould follow2(2011厦门市质量检查)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont mention it.Ashould be Bwould beCwill have been Dwould have been,3(2011山东潍坊质检)_more careful，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he is BHad he beenCShould he be DIf
27、he has been,(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的动词后引起的宾语从句和主语从句，其对应的名词引起的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：一（坚持）：insist（坚持主张、坚决要求） 二（命令）：order, command三（建议）：suggest (suggestion), propose (proposal), advise (advice)四（要求）：desire, demand, require (requirement), request Janes pale face suggested that s
28、he was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父母建议她做一下医学检查。,(2)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could动词原形I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish
29、she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。,(3)在do you suggest/recommend用在混合疑问句中，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？,(4) 在Itsnecessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词 that从句或Its a pity，a shame等名词 that 从句中，谓语
30、动词可以使用(should) do。如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man (should) be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。Its a pity that you (should) be so careless.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。,1.(2010福建卷)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt a
31、llow Dcouldnt allow2(2011山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sent Bshould sendCbe sent Dmust be sent,(1) would rather “宁愿，但愿”，用did或had done表示对现在或过去的虚拟。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。(2)It is (high/about) time (
32、that).句型中的虚拟语气在句型“It is (high/about) time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式；有时也用“should动词原形”(should不省略)，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time (that) we went/should go home.我们该回家了。,(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 If only I had not been ill last week!要
33、是上周我没病该多好啊！,(4) 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。如：Ive loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。,1.(2010合肥第三次教学检测)Sorry，Daddy. I am not getting on well with my studies.Well. _ you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs if BEven ifCIf only
34、 DOnly if2. (2011青岛一模)My uncle suggests I _ abroad.I would rather you _ at home.Ago；stay Bwent；stayedCgo；stayed Dwent；stay,1(2010湖南卷)You _ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.Amust BmustntChave to Ddont have to2(2010新课标全国卷)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.Acant BneedntCmay
35、 not Dwill not,3(2010四川卷)_I take the book out?Im afraid not.AWill BMayCMust DNeed4(2010重庆卷)You _ park here！Its an emergency exit.Awouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt,5(2010辽宁卷)Doctors say that exercise is important for health，but it _ be regular exercise.Acan BwillCmust DMay6(2010天津卷)Mark _ have hurried
36、. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt,7(2010陕西卷)May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you _. You read it in here.Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt8(2010江西卷)I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?AMust BCanCMay DWill,9(2010浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy_.Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved10(2010陕西卷)If we _ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad takenCtook Dhave taken,
