1、2015 年 9 月 16 日星期三旅游翻译及部分相关用语Warm-up activitiesNationwide property tax mulled (反复考虑) for houses and land China is likely to introduce a _nationwide property tax as early as next year following trials in Chongqing and Shanghai, an official at Chinas top legislative body said.The National Peoples Cong
2、ress , the top legislature, is drafting a property tax law that is expected to wrap up later this year and be imposed in 2015_ , said the official from the NPC, who asked for anonymity (nnmt匿名） due to the sensitivity of the issue. Unlike the trials in Chongqing and Shanghai, where the property tax i
3、s levied on houses only, the planned national property tax will target houses and land.“The method of taxation is still under discussion and is subject to changes,” the official said, adding that the NPC is also soliciting opinions from(征求意见） experts and tax authorities.Specifically, the ratio of th
4、e tax has not been decided, nor is whether the tax will be levied on newly built properties or on properties already owned.The new tax will combine several existing taxes, including a land tax on property developers, a tax for occupying arable land and a tax for house transactions.Last year the Thir
5、d Plenary Session, the top annual meeting of the Communist Party of China, pledged to quicken the enactment (nktm()nt制定，颁布） of a real estate tax as part of broad reform.It also required hastening the enactment of tax laws to improve the legitimacy(合法性) of tax collection.China started to levy propert
6、y taxes in Chongqing and Shanghai in 2011 as pilot projects.旅游翻译Tourism Translation1.1 旅游翻译的概念 Concept旅游翻译应是为旅游活动、旅游专业和行业所进行的翻译（实践） ，属于专业翻译。概括的说，旅游翻译是一种跨语言、跨社会、跨时空、跨文化、跨心理的交际活动。而同其他类型的翻译相比，它在跨文化、跨心理交际特点上表现的更为直接、突出、典型和全面。Tourism Translation is a translation of practice for tourism activities, and is
7、a cross-language and cross-society, a cross-time and cross-space, a cross-cultural, a cross-psychological communication activity.1.2 旅游翻译的分类 Classification旅游翻译活动的范围很广，几乎囊括了翻译活动的方方面面。我们可以根据一般的翻译活动，从不同的角度对旅游翻译进行分类。一、从翻译手段来分二、从所涉及语言的符号来分三、从译出语(Source language)/译出文本(Source text)和译入语 (target language)/译入
8、语文本(target text)角度来分。四、从翻译题材来分。五、从翻译方式来分。a. 导译(guide-interpretation)b. 口译（含视频、交传、同传等）interpretation(video, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation)c. 笔译(translation)d. 机器翻译(machine translation)1.语内翻译(intralingual translation/interpreting):在同一种语言内部进行翻译，几乎以口译为主，很少有笔译。(如：将广东话翻译成普通话，将北方话
9、译成闽南话等)2.语际翻译(interlingual translation/interpreting):把外族语译成本族语，或把本族语译成外族语。(中英互译)3.符际翻译(intersemiotic ,semtktranslation/interpreting):把一种非语言的符号译成另一种语言符号，或把一种语言符号译成另一种非语言符号。(非语言符号指手势、图画、数学符号、音乐符号等。)外语译为本族语。 （如：将国外旅行社传真过来的年度系列团报价单翻译成中文）本族语译为外语。 （如：将中国某城市公园门口的注意事项翻译成英语）1. 专业性翻译（社科翻译、科技翻译、法律翻译等）2. 一般性翻译（
10、应用文、社交、日常生活等翻译）3. 文学翻译（诗歌、散文等翻译）旅游翻译属于专业性翻译，但它同时 包括一般性翻译和文学翻译的特点。1. 全译(full translation)2. 部分翻译(partial translation)又可称为“翻译变体” 。包括节译、摘译、缩译、改译、编译、参译、译述、综述、译写等。旅游翻译包括上述两种方式的翻译1.3 旅游翻译者分类 Classification of tourism translators按职业性质划分： 机构翻译(in-house translation) 主要指各旅游行政管理部门、旅游饭店、旅游服务机构和其他旅游相关部门所雇佣的笔译工作者
11、。 旅行社职业翻译(professional translator/interpreter with a tour operator),主要指大型涉外旅行社的专职笔、口译工作者。 旅行社全职/专职导译(full-time guide-interpreter),主要指旅行社的在编导游翻译。 旅行社兼职导译(part-time guide-interpreter) 自由职业导译(freelance guide-interpreter),主要指不固定受雇于某家旅行社的导游翻译。按照工作区域划分 机构翻译 旅行社职业翻译 地方导译(local guide-interpreter),为旅行者提供当地旅游
12、活动安排、讲解或翻译的导游翻译。 全程导译(national guide-interpreter),在领队和地方导译的配合下实施接待计划，为旅行团提供全程陪同服务(含协调、讲解、翻译等 )的导游翻译。 定点导游(spot guide),指在旅游景区景点用外语为游客进行导游讲解的工作人员。 国际导游(international guide)或海外陪同(overseas escort),指经国家旅游行政主管部门批准，可以经营出境旅游业务的旅行社的委派，全权代表该旅社带领旅游团从事旅游活动的工作人员。1. 旅游翻译的理论性旅游翻译的性质Nature of tourism translation旅游翻
13、译的标准Principles for tourism translation关于翻译性质，国内外翻译界对其有不同的定义，而国内翻译界比较认可奈达在20 世纪 60 年代末所下的定义：“Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” (Eugene A.Nida The temple door op
14、ens to the tidal waves at Qiantang.名胜古迹：三潭印月（小瀛洲）Three Pools Mirroring the Moon风味小吃：仿膳 Imperial Food杭州煨鸡 Beggars Chicken狗不理 Dogs Dont Leave部分旅游景点的英译The Great Wall 长城The Palace Museum (the forbidden city) 故宫Terra-cotta Army/Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑The Temple of Heaven 天坛The Emei Mountain and Leshan G
15、iant Buddha 峨眉山和乐山大佛居庸关：Juyongguan Pass The Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang 敦煌莫高窟Chengde Summer Resorts and Surrounding Temples 承德避暑山庄Qufu, Confucius Mansion, Temple, and Cemetery 曲阜孔庙、孔林、孔府He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉部分与旅游相关的词汇包价旅游：package tour团体旅游：group tour 出境游: outboun
16、d tourism; outbound travel自助游: independent/do-it-yourself travel远足: excursion; outing旅行指南，旅行日程：itinerary直达快车: through train游览列车: excursion train落地: touch down候机室 departure lounge行李票 claim tag自然保护区: natural reserve旅游景点/名胜景点:tourist attraction/destination, scenic spot鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honeyHomework翻译如下旅游景点用语：断桥残雪上有天堂，下有苏杭。重重叠叠山，曲曲缓缓路， 叮叮咚咚泉，高高下下树。
