1、专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,反面解读,返回目录, 高考 链接 12013辽宁卷 To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues. Athat Bone Cones Dthose 【解析】A考查代词。that指代前面的“then.”,表示特指。这里that指代the trust, 所以选A。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,22013山东卷 Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them ver
2、y much. A. either B. any Ceach D. another 【解析】A考查代词。句意:我在纽约和芝加哥都生活过,但是两个地方我都不是很喜欢。either指两者,与not连用,表示“两个都不”;any“任何”,指三者或三者以上;each“每一个”,指三者或三者以上;another“另一个”。从句中的纽约和芝加哥可知是两个地方。故选A。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,32013陕西卷 Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusia
3、sm for life. Asome Bneither Cnone Dall 【解析】C考查代词。句意:尽管Rosemary多年来一直遭受重病的困扰,但她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。所填词表示全部否定,故选C。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,42013四川卷 The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. A. one B. this C. that D. it 【解析】C考查代词的区别。that代指the traffic。其后有定语限制,常用that,不用one。
4、句意:主街道上的绿色交通信号灯保持的时间比小街道长。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,52013天津卷 At our factory there are a few machines similar to_ described in this magazine. A. them B. these Cthose Dones 【解析】C 考查代词。句中比较的是machines,是复数名词,可用those或ones代替。再根据空格后的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰这一代词,故表示的是特指,用those。ones表示的是泛指。句意:在我们厂里,有一些类似于这本杂志里描述的机器。,返回目录,专题3正
5、反解读代词,正面解读, 考点归纳 考点一none, no one, nothing和neither规则1:none表示“没人,没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of短语,常用来回答how many/much引导的问句。如:They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。How many of you have seen the film? None (of us)“你们中有多少人看过这部电影?”“一个也没有。”,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则2:no
6、 one表示“没有人,谁也不”,只指人。常用来回答who引导的问句。如:Who can answer the question?No one.“谁能回答这个问题?”“没人。”,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则3:nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what问句。如:Swimming is my favourite sport. There is nothing like swimming as a means of keeping fit.游泳是我最喜欢的运动,作为保持健康的方式,没有什么能比得上游泳了。规则4:neither指“两者都不”,表否定意义,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
7、如:Neither of you is fit for the job.你们俩任何一个都不适合这份工作。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,考点二other, others, any other, the other和another规则1:other表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。如:Would you please make it some other day(another day)?改日做此事好吗?规则2:others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人/物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加限定词以及数量词,常用于someothers结构。如:Some st
8、udents are cleaning the classroom;others are playing on the playground.一些学生在打扫教室,另一些在操场上玩。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则3:any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。如:China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。规则4:the other表示两者中的另外一个,可单独使用,也可接单数名词。如:No agreement was reached in the discussion a
9、s neither side would give way to the other.因为双方都不愿意让步,所以讨论中没有达成协议。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则5:another常用于指“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又,再,还”。如:This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)这顶帽子太小了,给我看一下另外一顶。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,考点三it, one, that 规则1:it指代前面提到过的同一事物,they为其复数形式。如:Have you fo
10、und your pen?No,I havent found it.“你找到你的钢笔了吗?”“还没有。”,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则2:one代替单数可数名词,泛指同类事物,ones为其复数形式。the one替代前面的单数名词,表示特指,其后往往带定语,the ones为其复数形式。如:I havent had a computer. I want to buy one next year.我还没有电脑,明年我想买一台。I like this book better than the one I read last time.比起上次我读的那本书,我更喜欢这一本。These
11、 shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.这些鞋子不够好,再让我看一些更好的。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,【温馨提示】 one替代前面的名词,是前面名词的同位语,前面名词若是特指,要用the one;若是泛指则用one。如:He is a kind student, one who always helps others.他是一个热心肠的学生,一个总是帮助别人的学生。He is the excellent student,the one who wins the first prize. 他就是那个优秀的学生,那个获
12、得一等奖的学生。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则3:that既可以替代特指的单数可数名词,也可以替代特指的不可数名词,若替代特指的单数可数名词时,相当于the one。如:The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.在冬天北京的天气要比南京的天气冷得多。Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.当你读故事书时,什么也比不上读到一个令人吃惊的结尾而让人高兴。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正
13、面解读,考点四it的用法规则1:指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。如:Who is there?Its me.“谁在那里?”“我。”规则2:指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。如:Its twenty miles to the zoo.到动物园有20英里的路。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则3:代替不定式、v.-ing形式、名词性从句,作形式主语或形式宾语。如:He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有搞清楚在何时何地召开会议。Its no use arguing with him.同他争
14、论没什么用。It is well-known that China has the largest population in the world.众所周知,在世界上中国人口最多。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则4:表示喜欢、恨等心理方面的动词,后面接it再接宾语从句,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等;另外,有些“动词介词”结构,如depend on, see to等后接it,再接宾语从句。如:I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能
15、帮我一把,我会很感激的。I cant help it if he is always late.如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。You may depend on it that they will support you.你相信好了,他们会支持你的。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,考点五代词的特殊用法规则1:人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。如:Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing.“苏珊,和你姐姐一起去扫院子。”“为什么让我去?约翰
16、正坐在那儿没事可做。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则2:such指如前所述的这样的人或事物。此时,如果遇到a/an,such必须放在其前;如果遇到no,one,two,three,another,several,some,many,all等词时,such必须置于其后。有时such之后可以加一个as,用以引出属于哪一类。如:He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。Such is Elbert Einstein,a simple man with great achievements.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦,一个简朴而又成绩卓著的
17、人。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,规则3:so作指示代词时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。(1)在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等词后,用so代替前文提出的观点。既可以用于肯定句,也可用于否定句。如:Will Tom come this evening?I think so./I dont think so.(I think not.)“汤姆今晚会来吗?”“我想会的。 /我想不会。”,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,(2)用于肯定的hope以及Im afraid后,代替前文提出的观点。如:Is it going to
18、rain tomorrow?I hope so./I hope not.(不用I dont hope so.)“明天会下雨吗?”“希望如此。 /希望不会下雨。”(3)在肯定句中,表示与上文相同的情况。如:He likes English,and so do I他喜欢英语,我也喜欢。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,正面解读,1【误】 That is not always easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. 【正】 It
19、 is not always easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. 解析 it是形式主语,真正的主语是to talk about the role of。that无此功能。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,2【误】 I knew that anything would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. 【正
20、】 I knew that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. 解析 根据语境“他从未放弃过想当导演”可知没有什么可以让他泄气,故用不定代词nothing表示否定。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,3【误】 We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have other one this month. 【正】 We had a party last month, and it w
21、as a lot of fun, so lets have another one this month. 解析 根据句意“上个月我们举行了一场晚会,很有意思。因此,我们这个月再举行一场类似的晚会吧”可知应把other改为another。other其他的;another又一,另一。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,4【误】 No bread eaten by man is so sweet as it earned by his own labour. 【正】 No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own lab
22、our. 解析 it特指“同一”事物,that特指“同类”事物。根据句意“什么面包也不如自己劳动挣得的面包香”可知,本句的前后两处bread并非“同一”事物,故把it改为that。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,5【误】 Not anyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. 【正】 Not everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. 解析 此句是部分否定,根据句意“人们对美国无家可归者的人数并不能达成共识”可知,anyone应改为e
23、veryone。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读, 实战演练 1Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. Athese Bsome Cones Dthose 【解析】D考查代词辨析。句意:在16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最深的恐惧时,他们首先和他们最亲近的朋友分享。这里用those来指代提到的那些被调查的人。these这些,这些(人);some一些(人)
24、;ones不带定冠词的名词复数形式。这三项都与语境不符,故选D项。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,2Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _ Aanother Bthe other Cone another Done 【解析】A考查代词辨析。recycling和reusing虽然看似相同,均是环保,但各有区别;another是another way的省略。句意:循环利用是一种环保方式,而重新使用则是另一种环保方式。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,3This project requires c
25、lose teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. ANothing BAnything CSomething DEverything 【解析】A考查代词辨析。由语境“这项工程需要团队密切协作”推断,“如果我们不齐心协力,将一事无成”,故选A。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,4I know you want to borrow money but I dont have _ at hand myself. Aany Beither Canything Dnothing 【解析】A考查不定代词用法。题干中已交代
26、出money这个意义范畴,该空表示“我手头没有一点钱”,故选A项。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,5They have done much of the work, when will _ be finished? Athe rest Bthe other Canother Dthe others 【解析】A考查代词用法。the rest可指代前面的不可数名词work, 而其他三项均不可指代不可数名词。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,6Having sent several mails to apply for jobs, Susan waited for a reply,
27、 but_ came. Anobody Bnothing Cnone Dneither 【解析】C考查代词用法。neither指两者中的任何一个都不;nobody指没有人;none强调三者或三者以上中一个都没有,可指人或物;nothing指没有东西。由题意可知,苏珊是在等回信,结合several mails可知C项正确。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,7Many people have been ill from a strange disease these days, _ weve never heard of before. Ait Bthat Cone Dthis 【解析】C
28、考查代词。it 特指同类同物;that 特指上文的单数可数名词或不可数名词;one泛指上文的单数可数名词。此处one指代a strange disease,用作同位语。句意:最近很多人得了一种奇怪的病,一种我们以前从没听过的病。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,8The girl thinks she is _ of a star as she won the local beauty contest. Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 【解析】A考查不定代词用法。something of表示“多少有点,有几分”,故选A项。,返回目录,
29、专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,9Tom is a determined person. He never allows _to lead him by the nose. Aanyone Beveryone Cnobody Dsomebody 【解析】A考查不定代词用法。在否定句和疑问句中要使用anyone/anybody等带有any的复合不定代词。本题lead sb by the nose意为“完全支配某人,牵着某人鼻子走”。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,10A chemist who speaks and writes English is in closer touch wi
30、th the scientists in other countries than _ who doesnt. Aone Bthose C/ Dthat 【解析】A考查代词用法。根据空格后定语从句中的谓语动词是单数形式可知,此处先行词为表示单数概念的代词,所以排除those;代词one既可指代人也可指代物,而that只能指代事物。此处应该用one指代a chemist。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,11I dont like _ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I dont like. Ait Bthat Cthis Da
31、t all 【解析】A考查代词用法。it 用于固定句型appreciate/hate/like/dislike/love/depend on/rely on it that/when/if 等从句中,充当形式宾语。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,12Theres no doubt that life today in China is much better than _ in the old days. Athose Bit Cone Dthat 【解析】D考查代词用法。those指代复数名词,it特指“同一事物”,one是泛指,故都不合适。that特指“同类异物”,这里指代lif
32、e,符合句意表达。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,13He sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of _ unqualified. Athem Bwhat Cwhich Dit 【解析】A考查代词用法。本题是独立主格句式,unqualified是过去分词,用them 指代machines。其他三项均不符合句法。句意:昨天他给他的生意伙伴运了两千台机器,其中一半是不合格的。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,14Well never forget this terrible acciden
33、t and the damage_ has caused to the area. Athat Bwhat Cit Done 【解析】C考查代词用法。it这里指代accident,用作定语从句has caused to the area的主语,定语从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词that(which)。句意:我们永远不会忘记那次可怕的事故以及由此而给这个地区所造成的损害。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,15Do you have Gone with the Wind? Yes, but no more than one copy.Would you like to take_? Asome Bthem Cit Done 【解析】C考查代词用法。it指代上文出现的同一事物;one指代单数可数名词,表示泛指;them指代上文出现的复数可数名词。句意:“你有飘这本书吗?”“有,但是只有一本。你要这本书吗?” 故C正确。,返回目录,专题3正反解读代词,反面解读,