1、12013 届英语高考复习语法讲义-定语从句专题花擎一 考试说明的内容及要求定语从句在考试说明里被列在语法项目表主从复合句中，是学生必须掌握的一个语法项目，是语言知识考查的一个重点内容。二近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势考点 考查情况as 的用法 2012 年第 29 题where 的用法 2011 年第 28 题whose 的用法 2009 年第 27 题Whose 的用法 2008 年第 26 题从近五年安徽高考看，定语从句考查比较频繁，直接体现在单选题中。同时，在完形和阅读文章中，往往会出现一些含有定语从句的复杂句式。只有掌握并理解定语从句，才能读懂文章中的这些句子。另外，在书面表达中，
2、学生运用到的高级句式必然会涉及定语从句。未来高考也会保持这种考查形式。三一轮复习中存在的问题定语从句几乎每年高考必考考点。从一轮复习看，大部分学生能够掌握定语从句的基本概念和结构。但是对于较复杂句式和较难的考点，比如 where，as 等词语的用法，学生往往容易犯错。特别是把定语从句与其他从句放一起考察时，学生不能够正确分析从句类型，从而出现引导词选择错误。另外学生在写作文时，不能够很好地融入定语从句，从而难以取得书面表达的高分。四教学重点与教学策略鉴于定语从句在高考当中的重要性和学生中存在的问题，本专题的教学重点内容应该包括以下几个方面：1. 区分关系代词和关系副词。2. “介词+关系词”引
3、导定语从句3. whose 的用法4. 关系代词 that 和 which 的比较5. 关系代词 as 的用法6. 关系副词 where 的用法7. 区分定语从句和其他句式8. 特殊先行词 way 和 time 后的关系词教学基本策略：以定语从句的基本概念为导入，重点是分考点讲解的基础上给学生练习，同时注重学生自己的总结和理解。五专题教学主要内容I定语从句的基本结构：名词（先行词） + 关系词 + 句子（定语从句）关系词通常有下列三个作用：引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。2指人：who, whom, that关系代词（主语，宾语，表语，定语） 指物：which, t
4、hat关系词 某人的/某物的：whose人或物：as关系副词（状语）：when, where, why，that找出下列从句中的先行词以及它们在从句中做的成分。1. The boy who is standing there is my cousin.2. The boy (whom) you met yesterday is Tom.3. The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 4. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken
5、down. 5. Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.6. Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest as everyone likes to visit.7. Many people worry about the year 2012, when they think the earth will be destroyed. 8. I prefer a class where students work as a team.9. Is this th
6、e reason why he refused our offer? 10. He has two strategies, neither of which seems to work very well.II定语从句常见考点整理考点一：关系代词和关系副词的区分解题策略：1）看懂句意，分析句子结构，确定定语从句部分和先行词部分（看先行词是人还是物，这样可排除错误选项） ；2）确定从句时限制性还是非限制性定语从句（that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系词都可以） ；3）分析从句并根据从句句义确定从句中所缺的成分，选出适合的关系代词补全从句；4）还原从句，把先行词放入定语从句中，确定从句结构
7、及意义完整。例：According to the research, shoppers, _ purchased so much clothing, met the most problems.A. which B. that C. who D. whose解析：先行词是 shoppers,与从句的关系是 shoppers purchased so much clothing ,在从句中作主语，答案为 C。Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A
8、. when B. which C. where D. while解析：定语从句 it will keep for two or three weeks 和先行词 the refrigerator 之间的关系应该是 it will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator。答案为 C。考点二：1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。介词后面的关系代词只能用 which（指代物）或 whom（指代人） 。 如何确定“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词方法一：根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。This is the dictionary on w
9、hich I spent 50 yuan. (spendon)This is the dictionary for which I paid 50 yuan. (pay for)方法二：根据定语从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。I remember the day on which I joined the League.(on the day)I remember the years in which I stayed in the mountain village. (in the years)方法三：根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。3The gas without which we
10、cannot live is called oxygen.The gas in which fire can burn much better is called oxygen.（4)“介词关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词关系代词”之后。He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are ver
11、y kind to him. （5)介词which / whomto do 结构I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress. I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.（6)在非限制性定语从句中，which 可作定语，指先行词 (短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词which 名词” 结构，相当于 and in/at/during this/that名词。He was very ill, in which c
12、ase(and in this case)we sent him to hospital first. She lost her temper, at which point(and at this point) I decided to go back home.Mike was a student at the university from 1998 to 2004, during which time(and during that time) he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. 考点三：w
13、hose 的用法1.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语Ancient Rome is a country whose culture influenced the western world for centuries.He has a friend, whose father is a doctor.2.whose 和 of which/ of whom 相等吗？The classroom whose door (the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired.注意：定语从句的主语是以下词语用 of which/ whom
14、:Some, many, few, little, much, most/ all ,both, neither, each, none/ 数量的词语Here are many books, two of which/ of which two he borrowed.I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which / of which neither he likes考点四：关系代词 which 和 that 的区别：1.注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句：先行词是不定代词 all,few,lit
15、tle,much,something,nothing,anything 等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film Ive ever seen.先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some 等修饰。I have read all the books(that)you gave me.先行词被 the only,
16、the very,the same,the last 修饰时He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to .先行词既有人又有物时They talked of things and persons that they remembered.当句中已有 which 或 who 时，为避免重复Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the man that is talking to John?当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时Shanghai is no longer the city
17、that it used to be.如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用，则另一个用 that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.4主句是 there be 句型，修饰主语的定语从句用 thatThere is a seat in the corner that is still available.2. 只能用 which 的情况： 非限制性定语从句There are many factories in Yaohai District, which produce
18、a lot of pollution. 介词+whichThis is the house in which Shakespeare once lived. 先行词本身就是 that 时Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 指代句子内容时He broke my cup, which made me angry.（注意：以上比较是在 which 和 that 之间的选择，不要误以为所有的关系词中非限制性定语从句只能用 which。 ）考点五：关系代词 who 和 that 的比较都可以指代人，但是以下情况只能用 who: 先行词是指人的不定代
19、词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one, those ,all nobody ,anybody none 等时.People all like those who have good manners. 在 there be 句型中There are some people who want to have holidays abroad.考点六：as 引导的定语从句：suchas; soas; the sameasI like the same book as you do.(as 作宾语）I shall do it in the same way as you did.（
20、as 作状语）I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as 作宾语） ；as 引导非限定性定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：As we all know,he studies very hard.（as 代表整个句子，作宾语）As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.（as 代表整个句子，作主语）常用的类似插入语的句式有 as is said above,as is already mentioned above,a
21、s is known to all, as is expected, as it often happens, as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper 等。 关系代词 which 和 as 在定语从句中的区别是：（ 1 ） as 有“正如；就像”之意，而 which 没有；（ 2 ） as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末；（ 3 ）如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用 which 引导。例如：He came here very late, which was unex
22、pected (not expected).考点七：与强调句型及其他句型的混合1).The old building, behind _ was a famous church, was _ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 2).It is the playground _ I picked up this wallet.A.which B.that C.from there D. where3).It is on the playground _ I pic
23、ked up this wallet.A.which B.that C.from there D. where答案： C D B 5考点八：对关系副词 where 的特殊考查1.当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point，process，condition，position 等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语，也要用关系副词 where。1).They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.2).I can think of many cases _ students obv
24、iously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where （D）2.where 在其他从句中的考查：That is where you are mistaken. Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.注意：这里的 where 不能换成 in which。1）.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing i
25、s an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.2).I can think of many cases _ you know nothing about.3).Put the book _ it was.4).We will see a case _ music could cure people.5）There is one point _ we must clear at the conference tomorrow.答案：1)where/ in which 2)which/ that/不填 3)where 4)where / in wh
26、ich 5) that/ which/不填1. from where 为介词+ 关系副词结构，也可以引导定语从句。1)He was blown off course and found himself in an known land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.2)He stood near the window, from where he could see the whole garden.考点九：其他词语对先行词的干扰1).She will never forget her stay there _ she found he
27、r son who had gone missing two years before. (2009 年四川)A. where B. which C. when D. who解析：本题特别容易误选 A。此题的先行词是 her stay 而不是 there，因为定语从句修饰名词而 there 是副词。先行词和定语从句的关系为 she found her lost son during her stay there.故答案为 C。2).I met Mr. Tompson during his stay in Beijing, _ he attended an important internati
28、onal conference there.A when B. where C. in which D. which解析：定语从句部分已经有地点 there=in Beijing.故先行词应为 his stay.答案为 A。考点十：定语从句与并列结构He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him. 第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词 whom 指代 two sons,在定语从名中介词 of 的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词 and 连接，
29、人称代词 them 指代 two sons。练习:1) Sean got the first place, _ made his parents happy.2) Sean got the first place, and _ made his parents happy.A. so B. which C. as D. this答案： B D6考点十一：区分两种固定句式1).Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves her. 2).Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves.such/soas(定语从
30、句)；such/so that（状语从句）如此以至于练习：This is such an easy question _ I can answer.This is such an easy question _ I can answer it.答案：as; that3)This is the same book as he lent me last week.这和他上星期借给我的书一样。4)This is the same book that he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。the sameas表示相似的东西，the same that表示同一人或物。考点
31、十二：way 和 time 后接定语从句1） 当先行词是 way 且在定语从句中表示“用方式，方法 ”时，关系词有三种形式：What surprised me was the way in which/ that/ 不填 he said it.试比较：The way _he explained to us was quite simple. （which/ that/ 不填）The way _he explained the sentence to us was quite simple. (in which/ that/ 不填)2）先行词是 time 时，若 time 作“次数”讲，应用关系
32、词 that 并且可以省略；time 若为“一段时间” “时代”讲，应用关系词 when 或介词 at/during+which。This is the second time （that） the president has visited the country.I could hardly remember how many times （that ）I have failed.There was a time when/ during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.练习：1）.I dont like th
33、e way _ you laugh at her.2）.This is the second time _ I have been there.3）.Can you still remember the time _ we spent together in our childhood.答案：1. in which/that/不填 2. that/不填 3. that/不填7六精讲例题1.I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago. A. which B. when C. where
34、 D. who 2.He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 3.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 4.T
35、singhua University is a first class university, _ lots of people are eager to study.A. which B. where C. when D. why5.Taiwan is part of China, _ is known to all the world.A. what B. as C. that D. such 6.Do you know the man from _ house the pictures were stolen? A. which B. that C. what D. whose 7.Th
36、e old farmer has one son and two daughters, _ are kind to him,_ makes him sad.A. neither of them; which B. all of whom; which C. none of them; it D. none of whom; which8.Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D.
37、why he explained 9.We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when10.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which11. Franks dream is to have his own garden _ many beautiful flowers.A. in it t
38、o produce B. which produce C. it produces D. in which to produce12. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A, of which B. with which C. about which D. above which13. There are species living in the depths of the oceans _ we still know little.A. for which B. in which C. of w
39、hat D. of which14. Many people tend to buy things from big store, _ they believe the qualities are good.A. at which B. of which C. which D. where15. Have you seen the book _ is yellow?A. whose the cover B. of which cover C. the cover of which D.its cover16. The teacher had a careful talk with Tom, o
40、ne of _ problems is poor study habit.A. whose B. his C. whom D. which17. It is the same in China- many people, _ some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. who18. True friendship is like sound he
41、alth, _ value is seldom known until it is lost.A. whose B. of which C. as D. which19.Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way _ makes sense to us.A. in which B. of which C. / D. that820.He flew to Paris two hours ago, _ he would stay for three days.A. there B. which C. when
42、 D. where答案：DACBB DDADA DCDBC ABADD七反馈试卷 1.（2012 浙江卷）9. We live in an age_ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which2.（2012 山东卷）23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D.
43、what3.（2012 福建卷）23. The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. what4.（2012 江苏卷）22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D.
44、 what5.（2012 安徽卷）29. lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. This6.(2012 四川卷)13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C.
45、of whom D. of them7.（2012 陕西卷）14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what8.（2012 北京）26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 9.（2012 全国 II）8. That
46、evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when10.(2011 全国卷 I) 31. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A. that B. whichC. whose D. what11.（2011 全国卷 II）7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a
47、T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. this B. that C. what D. which12.（2011 北京卷）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset.A. who B. which C. what D. that13.(2011 上海卷) 39. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. where C. when D. as14.（2011 山东卷）32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other
