1、高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。 分别是： 1、名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） 2、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）3、定语从句（形容词从句）名词性从句1. 定义：从句在句子中充当名词。 1. 分类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 （从句在句中充当成份） 2. 连接词： 1） 连词：that(无意义，不充当成份)，if/wether (无意义，是否)，as if ,as though (好像，似乎)2） 连接代词： what(充当主，宾，表，什么)，who(主宾表，指人)，whom(宾，指人) ，which(主宾表，定，哪一个) ，
2、whose( 定语，谁的) 3） 连接副词：when(时间状语，什么时候) ，where（地点状语，什么地方） ，why (原因 状语，为什么)，how (方式状语，怎么样，如何) 4） 复合连词：whatever（不管什么） ，whoever(不管是谁)，whichever （不管哪个） ，whomever（不管是谁） ，whenever（不管什么时候） ，wherever（不管什么地方） ，however（不管怎样） 一，主语从句 1. 定义：从句在句中充当主语，常位于句首或者动词 be 动词之前 他获得一得奖一事使他很兴奋。 That(不充当成份，无意思)he got the first
3、 price excited him. 她能来我们很高兴。 That she was able to come made us happy. 我们是否能准时到达那儿还不确定. Whether we can get there on time is doubtful. 我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。 What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们所需要的是时间。 What we need is time. 对她来说，最重要的是她的家庭。 What is important to her is her family. 谁去都是一样的。 、
4、 Who will go makes no difference. 哪一组赢得比赛还不知道。 Which team will win the game is still unknown. 她去哪了还是个迷 Where she has gone is a mystery. 这个怎么发生的还不清楚。 How this happened is not clear. 他们什么时候开始还不知道。 When they will start is still unkown yet. 无论你说什么都会让她生气。 Whatever you say will made her angry. 无论是谁，第一个来就可
5、以获得礼物。 Whoever comes first can get a present. 2. 形式主语：1).that 引导从句做主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用 It 做形式上的主语而将That 从句放句末。That(不充当成份，无意思)he got the first price excited him. = It excited him that he got the first price. 2).常见的形式主语结构 1. It + 系动词 +形容词 + That 从句It is clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. I
6、t is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow. 2.It + 系动词 +名词 + That 从句（a pity,a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder,good news） It is a pity that you didnt attend their wedding. It is no wonder that you have achieved so much success. 3.It + 系动词 +动词过去分词 + that (expected,reported,thoug
7、ht,decided,announced) It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident. It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. 4.It + 特殊动词 + that 从句（常用动词 seem，appear 显得，happen ，matter， turn out，occur to sb 某人突然想起） It seems to me that he objects to the plan. It happened that I met
8、 an old friend on the street yesterday.二，表语从句 1. 定义：充当表语，位与系动词（常常是 be 动词） 动词之后。 The fact is that we should depend on ourselves. The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project. 2. 其它引导词：As if, as , as though此类表语从句常跟在特殊词后面，如 seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel. It sounds as if someone is
9、knocking the door. You look just as you looked 10 years ago. 3. reason 主语时候表语从句，用 that 引导，不用 Why.但是引导的定语从句用why The reason is that the drive was drunk. The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless. 4 .当主语表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等计划，命令，建议，请求时，表语从句用 shouldMy sugges
10、tion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.The doctors advice is that you should lie in bed for a few days. 三，同位语从句 1.定义：从句在句中充当同位语，用来解释说明某一名词内容的从句，总是跟在一个名词后面，该名词是先行词。同位语是对句中某一成份作进一步解释，说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的成份。 The news that our team has won the match is
11、true. The problem why the earth is bicoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion. Word came that he has been abroad. 2.不是所有的名词的都跟同位语，只有有一定内涵内容的名词才可以跟同位语。如advice，belief，doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word.等。四，宾语从句(that 常常可以省略) 1. 定义：从句充当宾语，位于动词或介词之后。He said that he
12、 couldnt finish his work before dusk. Do you know who is in charge of the company? I dont know when we will meet again. She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. (介词之后的宾语从句一般用 whether，而不用 if) 2. 形式宾语: 1) feel , find ,think
13、 ,consider, make, believe 等后有宾语补足语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，将 That 从句置后。 I feel it a pity that I havent been to the party. We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter. 2)有些动词后一般不直接跟宾语从句，而补充个 It,这些动词有hate,like,dislike,love,take,see to ,depend on,rely on,enjoy,appreciate,answar
14、 for , feel like, be fond of ,count on 等。 I take it that you dont agree with me. I will appreciate it if you can help me. 3. 宾语从句的否定转移：主句动词是think，believe ，imagine，suppose，consider ，expect，fancy, guess 等。主语是第一人称，一般现在时，从句的否定转移到主句上来。 I dont think theyll stick out to the last minute. I dont suppose that
15、s his fault. 总结名词性从句连接词的选择 1. 先判断从句类型，动词，be 动词前面主语从句，动词介词后面宾语从句，Be后表语从句。名词后表语从句。 2. 判断从句缺什么成分：从句有及物动词，缺宾语；从句空格直接跟动词缺主语。1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.” A. from what city d
16、oes she come from B. from what city she come C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got
17、5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. For6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _. A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whe
18、never 8. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what9. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee10. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good. A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词
19、、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。九种状语从句及常见的引导词 【时间状语从句】when, while, as, before, after, since（自从 以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一马上就), once( 一旦), whenever 等。特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant=instantly , immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when (1)
20、当表示 “一就”的连接词时，可以用到 no sooner than, hardly when但是当 hardly, no sooner 放于句首时，主句必须 部分倒装；若从句用一般过去式，主句要使用过去完成时。No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang. Hardly had I arrived there when it began to rain.(2)before 是高考常考的连接词，表示“在做成某事前，需要多久”，常用过去时和将来时中。如：It will be 2 years before we see each other again(3
21、)till 与 until 用法until/till 的意思为直到，主句的动词使用持续性动词，如果主句为将来时或祈使句，引导的从句用一般现在时，又称为“主将从现” 。 句型“notuntil” 意为“直到 才” 。Ill wait here until/till the rain stops.(wait 为持续性动词)My friend Tom didnt come back until he finished his work.(4)notuntil，强调句中，要用到 It is(was) not untilthat；not until 置于句首时，需要部分倒装。Not until afte
22、r the war did he return home. 直到战争结束，他才回家。Not until I came back home did it begin to rain. 直到我回到家天才开始下雨。= It was not until I came back home that it began to rain.= It didnt begin to rain until I came back home.A. 谓语动词完全放到主语前，称为完全倒装；例如：Out rushed the boy.那男孩冲了出去。 B. 如果只是将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词移到主语前，称为部分倒装。
23、 (5) while 引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while 表示“然而”的时候，就不是时间状语从句。(6) when 除 了表示“当时”（两个短暂性动作同时发生） ，还可以表示“ 就在那时”，在前一个动作刚结束时就发生的新动作。I just locked my door when the postman arrived. (7) as 和 when 一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边一边”“随着” (8) since 常用的句型是：It is (has been) + 时间 since + 过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用
24、过去时，从句则一般使用过去完成时。 (9) 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从现） 。 Im sure he will jump up when he knows the good news.(10) whenever 引导时间状语从句，如 Give us a call whenever you need our service. 和 no matter when 意义一致，但 no matter when 只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么时候 ”。 (11) 时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。如 Thinking of him, she couldnt
25、help weeping. 此时 thinking of him= when she thought of him. （2011 四川卷）As it reported, it is 100 years _ Tsinghua University was foundedAwhen Bbefore Cafter Dsince 【while、when 、as 区别】when 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用。而 while 作为连接副词，引导时间状语从句，侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，只能跟延续性动词连用，从句使用进行时态。主句的动作是伴随着 as 从句中的动作发生的，表示引起主句的
26、背景和条件。While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.When we were dancing, a stranger came in.As the time went on，the weather got worse. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.【地点状语从句】where 和 wherever(1) where 引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！ (有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的 where 不能和 in
27、which 等互换) (2) wherever 表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=no matter where，引导地点状语时，它总是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。 Where there is a will，there is a way. Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. what I like most is that you can use English
28、wherever you go in the world. 【原因状语从句】：because, as, for, since, now that. (1) 回答 why 的疑问句，只能用 because 回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用 because 引导，如 It was because I got up late that I was late for class. (2) as 语气比 because 弱 (3) since= now that，表 “既然”，表明显的原因或事实， 总是位于主句前。Now that 具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态 。(4) for
29、 引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。It is morning now, for the birds are singingIt must have rained last night for the ground is wet this morning.（两句中 for 都表结果，倒果为因） 特殊引导词：seeing that, considering that, given that(1)considering that = seeing that 意为“既然；”“考虑到”，considering that I cant afford an
30、other test fee, I must pass it this time. (2)所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和 so 连用。 （2010 辽宁）The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif 【目的状语从句】so that（以便）, in order that（以便） ，lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose tha
31、t, to the end that 等。 (1) lest, in case, for fear that意为“ 以防万一”，引导的目的状语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；(2) so that 从句常放主句后，in order that放在主句前或后都可以。(3) so that 既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。1.当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句Just tell me what subject youd like me to talk on so that I could get some notes ready. 2.若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去
32、时，则该句是结果状语从句。 I took an early bus so that I got there in time. We cleaned off the fallen leaves, so that the garden looked tidier. （2011 山东卷）28He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good pictureAeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that 【结果状语从句】so that, sothat, suchthat (1) so that 做目
33、的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别，上面已经讲到了。(2) so + 形容词(副词) + that.; such + (形容词)+ 名词 +that; (3) sothat 或 suchthat 置于句首时，则要部分倒装。 He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. Such a cold day was that Sunday that we had to stay at home. So much did they eat that they
34、could not move for the next hour. 【条件状语从句】if, unless, if only, as(so) long as, supposing that, providing that, on condition that, given that(1) unless 意为 “除非，如果不”=if not (2) if only 必须用虚拟语气。 (3) as (so) long as 意为“只要”，没区别，但除非表示“与一样长”的时候，这时so long as 则常用于否定句。(4) supposing that = supposed that 表假设 (5)
35、 providing that= provided that,意为“如果，只要”。(6) on condition that表示“以为条件”。(7) given that意为“倘若考虑到”。(8) if 条件句有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，Think hard, youll come up with a good idea. Not giving up, you will be able to succeed. (9) 条件状语从句的主句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时。 （主将从现）（2010 上海） our manage objects to Toms joining the clu
36、b, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 【方式状语从句】as, as if/though, the way。(1) as if = as though, “好像，仿佛”，用法相同，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气(非真实假设) 。(2) as 意为“像 ，犹如 ，正如”。(3) the way 意为“的样子”，相当于“the way (that/ in which)”引导的定语从句。When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she w
37、ere the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever A. as if B. in case C. while D. Though【比较状语从句】这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：asas, not so/as as, than 等引导。在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，
38、或省略，或用替代词 do, does, did特殊引导词：the more the more ，no more thanShe is as bad-tempered as her mother. She is not as/so bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. The harder you study, the better grade you will get.He runs faster
39、than the other students do in his class.For thirty years, he had done no more than he needed to.表示倍数的表示法：(1) A is twice/ three times bigger/ longer.than B; (2) A is twice/ three times as big/ longas B (3) A is twice/ three times the size/ length/ height/ age of B. 请同学们写：我的年龄可是你的两倍哦。(1) (2) (3) （2010
40、 全国）I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now .A. so B. very C. too D. rather 【让步状语从句】though, although, even if, even though, despite the fact that, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether.or not(1) as 用在
41、让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，副词，名词，形容词和动词。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词，如Teacher as he is, he cant instruct his own child well. Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. Brave as he was,he couldnt finish this difficult task.Much as I like you,I dont love you.(2) while= although，从句只能用在句首，而且不能倒装。 (3) even if =
42、even though，意为“即使”。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. (4) although 引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒装。(5) though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可以不倒装，句前句后都可以。(6) despite the fact that= in spite of the fact that意为“ 不管”。(7) whetheror not 意为“无论（是否） ” Whether you believe it or not, it is true. (8) howe
43、ver+形容词/副词 = no matter how+形容词/ 副词.意为“ 无论多么” ，No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. (9) whever 等一系列连词，都可以等于 no matter wh-，但是 whever 既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。而 no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind. 再如：（错）N
44、o matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say 是主语从句) ； 再看：（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. (10) 让步状语从句都 不能和 but 连用，但有时可与 yet 连用。 regular exercise is very importantIts never a good i
45、dea to exercise too close to bedtimeAIt BAs CAlthough DUnless 【状语从句高考真题练习】1. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to youAwhenever Bhowever Cwhichever Dwherever 2.（2011 全国新课标卷）Try she might, Sue couldnt get the door open Aif Bwhen Csince Das 3. （2011 山东卷
46、） He had his camera ready _he saw something that would make a good picture Aeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that 4. （2011 福建卷） It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremonyAthat Bwhen Csince Dbefore 5. The girl had hardly rung the bell the d
47、oor was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A. before B. until C. as D. since 6. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands withAwhichever Bwhenever C whoever DWherever7. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest.A. wherev
