1、八年级下英语词组1. tidy up 收拾2. take up 占用（时间或空间）3. a bit +adj. / a bit of +n（U）. 一点儿(区别于 a little +adj. / n. )4. a collection of stamps / collect stamps 集邮5. play the violin / the piano / the drum / the flute 拉小提琴/弹钢琴/ 打鼓/吹笛子6. play football / tennis / volleyball 踢足球/打网球/ 打排球7. listen to music 听音乐8. all th
2、e time 一直, 总是9. be / show/ become interested in sth. 对感兴趣/ 显示出/变得感兴趣10. next time 下一次11. at the end of 在末尾12. need to do sth. 需要做某事13. start doing sth./ to do sth. 开始做某事14. how often 多久一次( 询问频率)15. grow vegetables 种菜16. look after 照顾, 照看17. such as= for example 例如18. grow as a person 成长19. develop o
3、nes interests 发展兴趣20. come out 出版; 出现; 结果是21. as a result 结果22. bring sb. great success 给某人带来成功23. like doing sth. to do sth. 喜欢做某事24. in the future 在将来25. try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事in ones free/ spare time 在某人业余时间 注意词性 success n. successful adj.successfully adv. succeed (in doing sth.
4、) v. be popular with 在中受欢迎write to sb. 给某人写信all over the world 遍及全世界think about 考虑某事find out ( about ) 查明有关某事dress in 穿着衣服in the past 在过去not onlybut also 不仅而且三、重点知识点 make +sb. / sth. +adj. 使怎么样 使役动词 make / let / have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 感官动词 hear / listen to / see / watch / feel sb. do / doing sth.（其
5、中 do 强调动作的全过程，而 doing 强调动作正在发生。 ） 双宾语 give / bring / lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sb. sth. = give / bring / lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sth. to sb. . help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth. spend (时间或钱) on + 名词spend . (时间或钱) (in) doing sth.spend 主语是人，
6、花费的对象可以为时间，也可以为钱，多用于 spend (时间或钱 ) on + 名词 / spend . (时间或钱 ) (in) doing sth. 这两个结构中。pay 主语是人，花费的对象为钱，多用于下面的结构中：pay (sb.) (some money) (for sth.) as well asWe all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai.He as well as his friends is coming to see me.（这里注意 as well as在句中做状语，不是主语成分，所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词。 ）
7、ask sb. (not) to do sth. / tell sb. (not) to do sth. What do you think of? / How do you like? Why not do sth? = Why dont you do sth?hold the line (= hold on) 稍等，别挂断。call back 打（电话）回来right now 现在take a message 捎个信儿leave a message 留个信儿whetheror not 是否in fact 事实上a couple of几个，若干in a week 一周后（用于将来时）miss
8、 ones close friends 想念某人的好朋友be different from (反义： the same as) 与不同 (反义：与相同)make friends with sb. 与交朋友good luck with祝好运bring sb. for a visit to some place 带某人来某地参观wait for sb. (to do sth.) 等待某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to some place 邀请某人去做某事/去某地talk with/to sb about sth. 和某人谈论某事by the wa
9、y 顺便说一下feel happy / unhappy / better 感觉快乐/不快乐 /更好take place 发生far (away) from some place 离某地远be afraid to do sth. / be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事every time + 时间状语从句 每次want (sb.) to do sth. 想让某人做某事worry about 担心sit at the desk / work at the computer 坐在桌旁/在电脑前工作as usual 像往常一样at that moment 在那时ent
10、er the room (注意 enter 是及物动词，后不加介词。) 进入房间turn back 转过身day by day 一天天地be close to 离近smile at sb. 对微笑laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人It doesnt matter (that.). .没关系not any more / notany longer 不再give advice / take advice 提出建议/接受建议look for 寻找in town / in the country 在城镇/在乡村一、 重要知识点 What does it feel like? 用来询问对方对某件事的看法
11、。类似的表达还有 What do you think of? / How do you like? 辨析 sometime, some time, sometimes, some timessometime 某个时候，表示时间点，多用于将来。I believe that my dream will come true sometime in the future.some time 一段时间，表示时间段，多用于现在完成时。He has been here for some time.sometimes 有时，表频率，多用于一般现在时。Its sometimes hot and sometime
12、s cold.some times 若干次/若干倍I have been to Sydney some times. 辨析 lonely 与 alonelonely 是 adj. 表示“孤独的” ，是内心的感受，而 alone 可做 adj.或 adv.，表示“独自一人地” ，是现实的状况。e.g. She felt lonely because she had no friends here. 她因为在这儿没有朋友而感到很孤独。The old woman lives alone because her daughter is abroad. But she is not lonely bec
13、ause we often go to see her. 这位老奶奶一个人独自居住，因为她的女儿在国外，但她并不孤独，因为我们经常去看望她。 辨析 other, the other, others, the others区分这四个词，只需注意以下两点：1 没有 the 表示“别的，其余的” ；有 the 强调“其余 所有 的”2 若 other 后没有 s 则后面往往还有名词（单数情况除外） ，若 other 后有 s则后面不加名词。另外，another 与这四组词都不相同，它表示“又一个，再一个” ，所指事物没有范围，而上面那四组词则都是将事物分成了两大部分。e.g. English is
14、spoken not only in the UK and the USA, but also in many other countries. （这里不强调除英美外，其余所有的国家都说英语，所以不加 the，另外，后面有 countries，所以 other 不加 s。 ）The old lady has four sons. One is in Canada, the others are in America.（这里强调除一个在加拿大外，其余所有的都在美国，所以加 the，另外，other 后面没有名词，所以加 s。 ）Would you like another cup of tea?
15、 （这里指再来一杯，没有范围。 ） 当 adj.修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything)时，adj.要后置。 辨析 surprising 与 surprisedsurprising 意为“令人惊讶的 ”，修饰物或事；而 surprised 意为“吃惊的” ，修饰人。e.g. The news is surprising.Im surprised at the news.类似的单词还有 exciting (excited), tiring (tired), pleasing (pleased), amazing (amazed)等。 掌握一
16、些固定电话用语：Is Chen Huan there? 请问陈欢在吗?Is that Chen Huan (speaking)? 您是陈欢吗?May I speak to Jack, please? 杰克在吗?Ill call back later. 我一会儿再打。This is Sally (speaking). 我是 Sally。Whos calling, please? 请问您是那位？Hold the line, please. 稍等，别挂断。Sorry. He isnt here right now. 对不起，他现在不在。Can I take a message? / Can you
17、leave a message? 我能捎个信儿吗？/ 您能留个信儿吗？Im afraid you have the wrong number. 恐怕您打错了。二、 语法Objective Clause 宾语从句宾语从句可根据引导词分为三大类：1 当从句是陈述句时，用 that 引导，that 可省略，语序不变。 Trees improve the air.Betty thinks (that) trees improve the air. It will snow this winter.I hope (that) it will snow this winter. There is a go
18、od film tonight.Jack said (that) there was a good film on that night2 当从句是一般疑问句时，用 if 或 whether 引导（若句尾有 or not，则用whether，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 Will they plant trees on Sunday?He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Sunday or not. Have you seen him before?I cant remember if I have seen him befo
19、re. Was she late for class this morning?He asks if she was late for class this morning. Did she study hard?I didnt know whether she studied hard or not.3 当从句是特殊疑问句时，用 原来的特殊疑问词 引导，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 How can we help protect the environment?He asks how we can help protect the environment. Why do they
20、like computer games so much?I cant understand why they like computer games so much. When will we hold the sports meeting?Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting? Where did the accident happen?Tom asked me where the accident happened.掌握宾语从句，尤其要注意以下三个方面：1 引导词2 语序3 时态：若主句是现在范畴的时态，从句用任何时态均可。若主句
21、是一般过去时，从句必须用过去范畴的时态。1. look out ( for ) 小心同义: watch out ( for ) / be careful ( with )2. thank you / thanks for ( doing ) sth. 因某事谢谢你e.g. Thanks for your help. / Thank you for coming to see me.3. take / show sb. around ( some place ) 带某人参观某处4. Dont mention it. 不客气5. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事6. want (sb.
22、) to do sth. 想(让某人) 做某事7. remember to do sth. 记着去做某事 ( 此事还没做 )remember doing sth. 记着做过某事( 此事已经做过 )8. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 ( 此事还没做 )stop doing sth. 停止做某事 ( 此事不做了)9. come this way 走这边10. need to do sth. 需要做某事 (主动)need doing sth. 某事需要被做 (被动)11. speak English / French / Chinese 说英语/法语/汉语12. keep (sb.
23、) doing sth. 一直(让某人)做某事e.g. He kept me waiting for an hour yesterday. 他昨天让我等了一个小时。13. What about sth / doing sth= How about sth / doing sth 怎么样14. like doing / to do 喜欢做某事 (反义: hate doing / to do 憎恶做某事) 15. over there 在那边16. Me, too! 我也是17. prepare ( for) 为准备18. score two goals 进了两个球19. win / lose t
24、he match 赢了/输了比赛20. start doing / to do 开始做某事 ( 同义: begin doing / to do )21. agree with sb. 同意某人/ agree on sth. 在某件事上达成一致/ agree to do sth. 同意做某事22. turn on / off 打开 / 关闭 turn up / down 把声音开大/ 开小23. work on sth. 从事于e.g. He has been working on this project for years. 他从事这项工程很多年了.work out sth. 制作出, 算出
25、e.g. Have you worked out this maths problem? 你做出这道数学题了吗?24. decide to do sth. 决定做某事25. listen (to) 听 look (at) 看. (均表动作本身,不表结果)26. look up (at sb/.) 向上看 look down (at sb.) 向下看look up to sb. 尊敬某人,看得起某人 look down upon / on sb.看不起,鄙视某人27. be close to 离近 be far (away) from 离远28. in person 亲自29. at the a
26、ge of 在的年龄30. ask (sb.) for (向某人)要求e.g. I often ask my teacher for help. 我经常向我的老师寻求帮助.He always asks his parents for pocket money. 他总是向他的父母要零花钱.31. once a week / twice a month / three times a year一周一次/一个月两次/ 一年三次32. close down 关闭33. do ones homework 做作业 / do the housework 做家务34. look out of the wind
27、ow 向窗外看类似: jump out of the bed 从床上跳下来 run / rush out of the room 从房间跑/冲出去35. in front of 在前面 (在物体整体的前面 )(比较: in the front of 在前面 在物体内部的前面 )一、 重要知识点1. would like sth. / would like to do sth. / would like sb. to do sth.想要 / 想做某事 / 想让某人做某事2. 辨析 join 与 take part injoin 加入的多为某个组织或团体，加入后成为其中一名成员(member)；而
28、 take part in 加入的多为某项活动。e.g. I hope that you can join us / the chess club.Im proud that I have joined the CCP / the League / the army.He has decided to take part in the sports meeting this autumn.The teacher advises me to take part in the discussion / the English contest / the game.3. seem ( to sb )
29、 to do sth.It seems / seemed ( to sb ) thatWhat did you have for breakfast / lunch / supper? 你早饭/ 午饭/晚饭吃什么?I had for breakfast / lunch / supper. 我吃二、 语法不定式( to do 或 do)与动名词( doing ) 作宾语或宾语补足语第一类：只能加不定式 to do 作宾语的动词want / decide / agree / hope / wish / would like to do sth.另外有些动词还可将不定式 to do 作宾语补足语，运
30、用于下面的结构：tell / ask / want / encourage / warn / wish / would like sb to do sth. 注意否定：tell / ask / warn / wish sb not to do sth.第二类：只能加不定式 do 作宾语补足语的动词使役动词 let / make / have sb. do sth. 第三类：只能加动名词 doing 作宾语的动词enjoy / practice / finish / mind / keep doing sth.补充：keep sb.doing sth.第四类：既能加 to do 又能加 doin
31、g 作宾语且 意思相近 的动词like / love / hate / begin / start / continue to do sth. 或like / love / hate / begin / start / continue doing sth.第五类：既能加不定式 do 又能加 doing 作宾补但 强调重点不同 的动词感官动词 see / hear / listen to / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth.这里强调看见或听见动作的全过程。see / hear / listen to / watch / notice / feel sb. do
32、ing sth.这里强调看见或听见动作正在发生。第六类：既能加 to do 又能加 doing 作宾语但 意思完全不同 的动词1). rememberremember to do sth. 记着去做某事 ( 此事还没做 )e.g. Please remember to turn off the lights before you go out. 请记着走之前关灯.Remember to lock the door. 记着锁门.remember doing sth. 记着做过某事( 此事已经做过 )e.g. I remember posting the letter. But they have
33、nt received it.我记着把信寄出去了, 但是他们还没收到.When I was about four or five years old, I remember sitting close to the radio and listening to my favorite programmes.我记得自己在四五岁的时候, 紧紧地做在客厅的收音机旁, 听我最喜欢的节目.2). forgetforget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 ( 此事还没做 )e.g. Dont forget to feed the cat. 别忘了喂猫 .He forgot to pay me. 他忘了
34、付我钱.forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 ( 此事已经做过 )e.g. Ill never forget seeing you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的情景.3). stop stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事e.g. Im tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我累了 , 咱们停下来休息一下.stop doing sth. 停止做某事e.g. Stop talking. Lets start our lesson. 不要讲话了, 开始上课了.4). try try to do sth. 尽力做
35、某事 / try not to do sth. 尽力不要做某事e.g. Try to be here on time. 尽量准时到.I tried not to laugh. 我忍着不笑.try doing sth. 尝试做某事Try phoning his home number. 给他家打个电话试试.Have you ever tried surfing? 你尝试过冲浪吗?5). needneed to do sth. 需要做某事e.g. He needs to work harder. 他需要更加努力工作.need doing sth. 某事需要被做The car needs repai
36、ring. 这辆车需要修理.My jacket needs changing. 我的夹克需要换一下.6). learnlearn ( how) to do sth. 学做某事e.g. Im learning ( how ) to swim. 我已经学会游泳了 .特殊疑问词+ 不定式( to do ) （注意：1. 运用此结构的句子中，句子的主语与不定式的逻辑主语往往是一致的，且它常与宾语从句进行转化。2. 这个结构表达的多为将来的内容。 ）1. play back ( the video ) 重放(录像)2. take the video 摄像3. save the video ( on th
37、e computer ) 把录像保存在电脑中补充: save (up) 存(钱), 储蓄e.g. Hes saving up for a new bike. 他正在存钱买辆新车.4. connect to/with 把与连接5. borrow sth from sb 从某人处借某物(针对主语而言是借入) lend sth to sb / lend sb sth 把某物借给某人(针对主语而言是借出)6. come on (灯或机器)打开,开动; 赶快; 加油7. send sb sth / send sth to sb 给某人发送某物8. send sth by email 通过电子邮件发送9.
38、 welcome to some place 欢迎到某地 e.g. Welcome to China!（注意：Welcome home!）10.Ladies and gentlemen 女士们,先生们11.usefor sth/doing sth. 或 useto do sth. 用做某事e.g. Theyd like to use the paper cuts for the decoration. 他们想用这些剪纸来做装饰.I use my bike for (going) shopping. 我用我的自行车去购物.We used the money to set up a monumen
39、t. 我们用这笔钱树立了一块纪念碑.You can use a mobile phone to take photos. 你可以用手机照相.12.take a photo of 给 照相e.g. Dare you take a photo of a snake? 你敢给蛇照相吗?13. save ones life 挽救某人的生命14. pick up sth/sb 捡起 , 拿起; (用车) 接某人 (注: pick it/them up)区别: pick (the flowers / the apples) 摘(花, 苹果)15. climb out of从中爬出来 / climb int
40、o 爬到里去16. stay cool 保持冷静 (同义:be calm )17. go to hospital 去医院 (看病) be in hospital 住院18. what kind of 哪种 19. leave hospital 出院20. the next day 第二天21. take a photo / take photos 照相22. show sb sth / show sth to sb 出示某物给某人看23. Dont worry. 别担心24. be surprised at. 对感到惊讶25. be safe from 很安全, 没有受到的威胁26. advi
41、se sb. ( not ) to do sth. 建议某人( 不要) 做某事27. be good for对有好处 / be bad for 对有害处Reading in bed is bad for eyes. 躺在床上看书对眼睛有害.28. smile at sb. 冲某人微笑 / laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人29. on holiday 过假期 / on business 出差30. dont have to = neednt 不必一、 重要知识点1. How does it work? 它(机器)是怎么运作的? It doesnt work. 它坏了. Is it workin
42、g? 它行吗 ?还运作吗?2. with+(a mobile phone, a knife, a hammer用+工具(如:手机,小刀,锤子等)区别:in English / French / Spanish / German 用(语言) in ink 用墨水by bus/car/train 乘坐交通工具 , by email 通过电子邮件3. bite / hit +某人+ 介词（ on 或 in）+ the +部位（注意动词的过去式及分词：bite bit bitten; hit hit hit ）e.g. The dog bit him in the leg. 这条狗咬了他的腿.The
43、snake bit her on the hand. 那条蛇咬了她的手.She hit him on the head with a book. 她用书打他的头.这里，用 in 还是用 on 是固定的，一般的规律是较硬的部位用 on,较软的部位用in。请记住 bite/hit sb. on the head/hand/nose 与 bite/hit sb. in the face/leg4. a few; few; a little; little表肯定，译为“有一点儿” 表否定，译为“几乎没有”加可数名词 a few few加不可数名词 a little littleYou neednt g
44、o to the supermarket now because there is still a little food in the fridge.Ill buy some milk. There is little in the fridge.Few people knew it, did they?5. 辨析 ache 与 hurthurt 1) vt. 使疼,使受伤e.g. He hurt his back when he fell. 他摔倒时伤着了背. His words hurt me deeply. 他的话深深地伤了我.Did you hurt yourself? 你是不是伤着
45、自己了?( hurt oneself 伤着某人自己 )2) vi. 疼 (由此可见, hurt 与 ache 作不及物动词时基本相同 , 但 hurt 还能作及物动词, 而ache 不行.)be able to do sth. 能够做某事（反义:be unable to do sth.不能做某事 ）1. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事2. tell sb about sth. 告诉某人有关某事3. all together 一起4. one of ( the +形容词最高级+ 名词 复数 ) (最) 其中之一e.g. Beijing is one of the most mod
46、ern cities in the world.北京是世界上最现代化的城市之一.5. play a solo 独奏6. rather A than B B 肯定不会做 A 将要做的事e.g. Ive got to have two teeth out next week.下周我要拔两颗牙。- Rather you than me. 你拔，我可不拔。- Ill play a solo in front of the audience.我要在听众前表演独奏.- You mean alone in front of everyone? Rather you than me.你是说你一个人在所有人面前
47、? 你行, 我可不行!7. warn sb about/against sth 让某人警惕或提防 .8. Its/Thats a shame/pity! What a shame/pity! 真可惜/真遗憾/真糟糕!9. send sb. to some place 把某人送往某地e.g. Her parents will send her to a different school. 她的父母将要把她送到另外一所学校.10. be proud of 以为骄傲 ( 这里 proud 是 adj.)e.g. Her parents will be proud of her. 她的父母将会为她而骄
48、傲 .(同义: take (a) pride in 这里 pride 是 n.)e.g. She takes great pride in her childrens success.她为她的孩子所取得的成功而感到无比骄傲.11. send sb. away 把某人送走12. I see (the problem). 我明白了.13. play () well 演奏地好 (注意这里用副词 well)14. do well in 在某方面做得好 do badly in在某方面做得差(同义 : be good at在某方面好 be weak in在某方面差)15. write to sb 给某人写
49、信 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信16. go wrong 出毛病, 出故障; 出错e.g. His television has gone wrong again.他的电视机又出毛病了。 Follow these instructions and you cant go wrong. 按照操作指南去做，你就不会出错。17. copy onto the computer 把复制到电脑中18. take off 使 离开或脱离e.g. Ive taken the game off my fathers computer.我已经把游戏从我爸爸的电脑中删除了.Would you mind taking your foot off my foot?你介意把你的脚从我的脚上挪开吗? (你踩住我的
