1、 （第 1 页 共 4 页）一、将下述四个汉语句子翻译成英语1、事实上，他们协调工程中每个人的活动。答：They coordinate the activities of virtually everyone engaged in the work.2、建筑物的结构是建筑物的功能、环境、及各种社会经济因素共同作用的产物。答：The form of a building is an outgrowth of its function, its environment, and various socioeconomic factors.3、因为所需墙体的厚度很大，承重墙结构限制了建筑物的高度。答
2、：Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required.4、该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。答：The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area.二、将下述
3、句子翻译成中文1、The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the faade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings, and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high rat
4、io of net to gross floor area.答：薄壳筒体的进步是利用（高层）建筑的正面（墙或板）作为与框筒共同作用的结构构件，为高层建筑抵抗侧向荷载提供了一个有效的途径，而且可获得不设柱子、节省成本、使用面积与建筑面积之比很高的室内空间。2、All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.答：所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得
5、更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。3、Architecture calls for good proportionsa pleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.答：建筑学要求有恰当的比例，即令人愉快的虚与实、高与宽、长与宽的关系。4、Many teaching civil engineers engage in basic research that eventually leads to technical innovations in const
6、ruction materials and methods.答：许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究。三、翻译下述专业词语（英译汉或汉译英）（第 2 页 共 4 页）1、structural engineering- 结构工程2、岩土工程-geotechnical engineering3、undergraduate students-本科毕业生4、管线工程-pipeline engineering5、water resources engineering-水资源工程6、框架筒-framed tube7、stressed-skin tube-薄壳筒体8、如上所
7、述-as discussed above9、reinforced concrete-钢筋混凝土10、超高层建筑-ultrahigh-rise building四、将下述段落翻译汉语1Structural engineering. In this specialty, civil engineers plan and design structures of all types, including bridge, dams, power plants, supports for equipment, special structures for offshore projects, the U
8、nited States space program, transmission towers, giant astronomical and radio telescopes, and many other kinds of projects. Using computers, structural engineers determine the forces a structure must resist: its own weight, wind and hurricane forces, temperature changes that expand or contract const
9、ruction materials, and earthquakes. They also determine the combination of appropriate materials: steel, concrete, plastic, asphalt, brick, aluminum, or other construction materials.答：结构工程. 在这个专业中，土木工程师计划和设计各种各样的结构，包括桥，水坝，发电厂，设备的支柱，海岸工程的特殊结构，美国空间项目，发射塔，巨大的天文射电望远镜，和许多种其它的工程项目。利用计算机，结构工程师计算一个结构所必须承受的力
10、：建筑物自重，风力和飓风力，温度变化而引起的建筑材料的热胀冷缩的应力，和地震力。他们也确定合适的材料组合方法：钢材，砼，塑料，沥青，砖，铝或其它建筑材料。2The scientific basis for the design of buildings as shelters and for the design of civil engineering structures for other purposes is identical. It is only as a result of the specialized requirements of our modern society
11、that these two fields have developed along separate paths. In a similar manner, the master builder concerned with the building as a shelter is no longer an individual; instead, his work is done by a team of several specialists: the planner, the architect, the engineer, and the builder. The execution
12、 of a modern building depends on the collective talents of this team.答：不管是将建筑物设计成躲风避雨的场所，还是将土木工程结构用于其它用途，其科学根据都是一样的。这两个领域沿着不同的道路发展，也只是我们的现代社会的特殊需求的结果。同理，将建筑物当成躲风避雨场所的建造商已不再是个人行为了；相反，其工作由几个专家所组成的队伍来完成，这些专家有：设计师，建筑师，工程师和施工人员。当代建筑主管要依靠他的建筑队的集体智慧。（第 3 页 共 4 页）3Where wastewater discharges into rivers fro
13、m which drinking water is taken downstream(下游), special attention is given not only to the removal of organic matter from the wastes but also to the disinfection processes that inactivate microorganisms(微生物). Also of concern are discharges of organic chemical contaminants from industry or runoff fro
14、m farm lands along the river contaminated by pesticides(杀虫剂) and herbicides(除草剂). 答：从废水排入江河处的下游取用饮水时,不仅要特别注意从废水中清除有机物,而且要注意进行纯化微生物的消毒处理.也要关注从工厂排出的有机化学污染物,还要关注,沿杀虫剂和除草剂所污染的河流所灌溉的农田流出的排出物。五、判断以下各句下画线部分何处有错，并改错。 （每句只有一处有错）1、The high-rise buildings ranging through 50 to 110 stories that are being built
15、all over the U.S. are the result of innovations and development of new structural systems.答： through from2、The system, known as the tube-in-tube system, made it possible designing the worlds present tallest building.答： designing to design3、Civil engineers who specialize on this field analyze the pro
16、perties of soils and rocks that support structures and affect structural behavior.答：on in4、Many also serve as consultants on engineering projects, or in technical boards and commissions associated with major projects.答：in on5、The art of building encompasses all of womans efforts to control its environment and direct natural forces to his own needs.答：womans mans（第 4 页 共 4 页）
