1、高中英语短文改错技巧总结短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数; 注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别; 习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析; 逻辑错误须关注。一. 动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时
2、间，保持时间概念的一致性。二. 名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)三. 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语
3、等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的 wonderful 作定语修饰 time，第二句的 Unfortunately 作状语修饰整个句子。四. 非谓动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me a
4、nd will do all they can make sure (to)上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五. 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team inste
5、ad ourselves. (of)六. 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)第一例漏掉了谓语动词 were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七. 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾
6、，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more) no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)上述第一例中的主语是 Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面
7、的 his 不合逻辑。第二例中的 more 在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词 but, and, or 和 so 的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：(I)There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1. _spending too much because of I
8、m always short of money! There are also some 2. _place where it costs a lot, so dont forget to read the menu before going in. 3. _The first place is Ginos. Its an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4. _like pizzas and spaghetti. Its really cheaply and very friendly. Then theres 5. _Bl
9、acks Bistro. This is a cafwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6. _there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals. Again its not 7. _expensive and is very popular with young people. And finally, how about 8. _Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food
10、. Mexica 9. _food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too. 10. _(II)It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however, it is quite 1. _another to establish a base for humans to explore planet. Daytime temperatures 2. _can be rise above freezing, but, because of the
11、extremely thin atmosphere, 3. _the sun heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator, the temperature 4. _drops -50at night. In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5. _ultraviolet(紫外线的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6. _and burning conventional fuels. But despi
12、te all these problems, scientists are 7. _currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8. _in which colonists could live. However, the potential cost make the idea of 9. _human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream. 10. _答案与解析(I) 1.whichwhere。where 引导定语
13、从句，修饰表地点的先行词 town, where 在定语从句中作状语。2.去掉of。because 后面接从句，而 because of 后面接短语。3. placeplaces。此处名词应该用复数形式。4.去掉 where。现在分词短语作定语，where 多余。5. cheaplycheap。cheap 和 friendly 是并列的形容词作表语。6. openedopen。open 本身即形容词。7. andto。fromto构成固定词组。8.本行无错。9. MexicaMexican。形容词作定语。10. bit 前加 a。a bit是固定词组,在句中作状语，修饰 hot。(II) 1.
14、 sciencescientific。应该用形容词作定语。2. planet 前加 the。planet 前用定冠词，特指 Mars。3.去掉be。can rise 在本句中表“气温上升“。4. sunsuns。名词所有格作定语，修饰 heat。5.drops 后加 to。drop to 表“下降到“。6. someany。在表否定意义的副词 hardly 后面用 any, hardly any oxygen 意为“几乎没有任何氧气“。7. andor。此处表选择关系。8.working 后加 on。work on 是固定词组，表“研究“。9. makemakes。本句的主语是名词 cost,故谓语动词用单数形式。10.本行无错。
