1、Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 1 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE Introduction to Power Electronics A Waveform Based Approach Using Simplorer Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 2 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE Objectives Review fundamental concepts of Po
2、wer Electronics Serve as an introduction and provide a few tips on Simplorer Background Inspired by Professor Mohans book :“First Course on Power Electronics”, MNPERE, 2009 Edition, which is adopted by the DOE/ONR Sponsored National Consortium to Revitalize the Power Energy Curricula in US Universit
3、ies Notes The parameters for the simulation examples were chosen in order to better illustrate the principles of operation and the functions of various components, rather than to exemplify specific engineering applications The typical formatting of Simplorer waveforms was modified in order to provid
4、e better visibility for a classroom presentation. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 3 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE Outline 1. “Switching Power Pole” (or the Ideal PE Switch) 2. PWM and Duty Cycle for Gate Signal 3. Power Semiconductor Switches 4. Ideal and Detailed Modeling
5、of Switches 5. DC-DC Converters 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converters (Rectifiers) 7. Single Phase Full Bridge DC/AC Converters (Inverters) 8. Switched Mode DC-DC Power Supplies 9. Three Phase Full Bridge Converters Inverters and Rectifiers Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 4 Intr
6、oduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 1. Switching Power Pole 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 0 0 . 7 5 1 . 0 0T i me ms 0 . 0 01 . 0 0G a t e Si g n a l ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oG a t e _ S i g n a l . V A LTRA switching power realized with an ideal switch The duty cycle and the ratio of voltages ( / )A up sd
7、T T upA in A insTv V d VTMarquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 5 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 1. Switching Power Pole The switching power pole realized with a controlled PE switch The finite signal ramp (Hmin and Hmax in Simplorer: 1 to 10 micro seconds) What is the voltage outp
8、ut for a 0.5 (i.e. 50%) duty cycle? What would happen if the load would include an inductor? See the Buck DC/DC Converter later on. 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 0 0 . 7 5 1 . 0 0T i me ms 0 . 0 01 . 0 0G a t e Si g n a l ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oG a t e _ S i g n a l . V A LTRMarquette University ANSYS, Inc.
9、 Joint Course 6 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 2. PWM and Duty Cycle for Gate Signal The PWM signal is generated from the comparison between a voltage control signal and a ramp signal. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 7 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 3. Power Semic
10、onductor Devices Source: N. Mohan, “First Course on Power Electronics”, MNPERE, 2009 Edition. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 8 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 4. Ideal and Detailed Modeling of Switches + V Ideal switches and semiconductor - system level Semiconductor - devic
11、e level Spice compatible models +-Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 9 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 4. Ideal and Detailed Modeling of Switches Data Sheet based Electrical Characterization Thermal Characterization Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 10 Introduction t
12、o Power Electronics IntroPE 4. Ideal and Detailed Modeling of Switches Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 11 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5. DC-DC Converters 5.1 DC-DC Buck Converters The power pole is realized by a controlled PE switch (MOSFET) and a diode. State-machine sim
13、ulation. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 12 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5.1 DC-DC Buck Converter 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0A n s o f t L L C B u c k C o n v e r t e rGa t e S i g n a l ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oS T A
14、 T E _ 1 1 _ 1 . S TTR1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s - 5 . 0 05 . 0 01 5 . 0 0I_in.I AB u c k C o n v e r t e rI n p u t C u r r e n t ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oI _ i n . ITR1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s - 5 . 0 05 . 0 01
15、5 . 0 0Y1AB u c k C o n v e r t e rD i o d e C u r r e n t a n d I n d u c t o r C u r r e n t ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oD . ITRL . ITR1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s - 5 . 0 05 . 0 01 5 . 0 0Y1AB u c k C o n v e r t e rC a p a c i t o r C u r r e n t a n d L o a
16、d C u r r e n t ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oC . ITRR . ITRMarquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 13 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5.1 DC-DC Buck Converter 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0A n s o f t L L C B u c k C o n v e r t e rGa
17、t e S i g n a l ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oS T A T E _ 1 1 _ 1 . S TTR1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s - 2 0 . 0 0- 1 0 . 0 00 . 0 0D.VVA n s o f t L L C B u c k C o n v e r t e rD i o d e V o l t a g e ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oD . VTR1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 1
18、 0 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 . 0 2 0T i m e m s - 2 0 . 0 00 . 0 01 5 . 0 0L.V VB u c k C o n v e r t e rI n d u c t o r V o l t a g e ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oL . VTR1 0 . 0 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 4 . 0 0 1 6 . 0 0 1 8 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 01 0 . 0 02 0 . 0 0R.VVA n s o f t L L C B u c k C o n v e r t e rL
19、o a d V o l t a g e ANSOFTm1C u r v e I n f oR . VTRN a m e X Ym1 1 2 . 9 7 3 3 1 1 . 1 9 8 3Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 14 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5.2 DC-DC Buck Converter with Loss Calculations Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 15 Introduction to Pow
20、er Electronics IntroPE 5.2 DC-DC Buck Converter with Loss Calculations 2. 00 2. 50 3. 00 3. 50 4. 00 4. 50 5. 00T im e m s 0. 0010 . 0020 . 0030 . 0040 . 0050 . 00WM_out.P WI ns t an t an eo us Ou t pu t P ow er ANSOFTm1m2C u r v e I n f oW M _ o u t . PTRN a m e X Ym1 3 . 4 6 5 9 3 1 . 6 1 3 0m2 3
21、. 6 1 3 5 2 9 . 0 1 6 92. 00 2. 50 3. 00 3. 50 4. 00 4. 50 5. 00T im e m s -50 . 000. 0050 . 0010 0. 0015 0. 00WM_in.P WI ns t an t an eo us I np ut P ow er ANSOFTm1m2C u r v e I n f oW M _ i n . PTRN a m e X Ym1 3 . 1 6 1 8 1 0 0 . 1 8 1 9m2 3 . 7 8 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 5Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. J
22、oint Course 16 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5.3 DC-DC Buck-Boost Converters 1oinV DVD Buck mode (D0.5): the output voltage is larger than the input voltage. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 17 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5.3 DC-DC Buck-Boost Converters 1 5 0 .
23、 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 0T i m e m s - 1 0 . 0 01 0 . 0 03 0 . 0 0i_in.I AB u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rI n p u t C u r r e n t ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oi _ i n . ITR1 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0
24、5 0T i m e m s - 3 0 . 0 0- 1 0 . 0 01 0 . 0 03 0 . 0 0Y1 AB u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rC a p a c i t o r C u r r e n t a n d L o a d C u r r e n t ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oC . ITRR . ITR1 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 0T i m e m s - 1 0 . 0 01 .
25、3 0 . 0 0Y1AB u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rD i o d e C u r r e n t a n d I n d u c t o r C u r r e n t ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oD 2 . ITRL . ITR1 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0B u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rGa t e C o
26、 n t r o l S i g n a l ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oS T A T E _ 1 1 _ 1 . S TTRExample with 0.6 duty cycle. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 18 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 5.3 DC-DC Buck-Boost Converters Example with 0.6 duty cycle Note the different time scale for the load volt
27、age. 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0B u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rGa t e C o n t r o l S i g n a l ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oS T A T E _ 1 1 _ 1 . S TTR1 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 0T i m e m s -
28、 1 5 0 . 0 0- 5 0 . 0 05 0 . 0 0D2.V VB u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rD i o d e V o l t a g e ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oD 2 . VTR1 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 0T i m e m s - 1 0 0 . 0 00 . 0 01 0 0 . 0 0L.V VB u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rI n d
29、 u c t o r V o l t a g e ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oL . VTR1 5 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 05 0 . 0 01 0 0 . 0 0R.VVB u c k B o o s t C o n v e r t e rL o a d V o l t a g e ANSOFTm1C u r v e I n f oR . VTRN a m e X Ym1 1 7 9 . 4 1 3 8 6 9 . 9 5 8
30、3Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 19 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converter (Rectifier) Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 20 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converter (Rectifier) Gate
31、signals switching sequence for the single-phase PWM rectifier 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 0 . 0 0T i m e u s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0PWM3.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rP W M 3 ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 3 . V A LTR0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0
32、 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 0 . 0 0T i m e u s 01 . 0 0PWM2.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rP W M 2 ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 2 . V A LTR0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 0 . 0 0T i m e u s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0PWM1.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rP
33、 W M 1 ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 1 . V A LTR0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 0 . 0 0T i m e u s 0 . 0 01PWM4.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rP W M 4 ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 4 . V A LTRMarquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 21 Introduction
34、to Power Electronics IntroPE 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converter (Rectifier) The value of the capacitance will influence the ripple of the load voltage Example with the Duty Cycle=0.4 and f_sw=1 kHz. 2 0 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0T i m e m s - 4 0 0 .
35、 0 0- 2 0 0 . 0 00 . 0 02 0 0 . 0 04 0 0 . 0 0Us.VVS i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rS i n g l e - P h a s e A C S u p p l y ANSOFTm1m2C u r v e I n f oU s . VTRN a m e X Ym1 2 4 1 . 9 1 7 8 3 3 9 . 6 0 1 1m2 2 5 0 . 6 1 7 0 - 3 3 4 . 2 1 6 72 0 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0
36、 0 2 8 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0T i m e m s 0 . 0 05 0 . 0 01 0 0 . 0 01 5 0 . 0 02 0 0 . 0 0V_out.VVS i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rOu t p u t V o l t a g e ANSOFTm1 m2C u r v e I n f oV _ o u t . VTRN a m e X Ym1 2 3 8 . 6 0 7 0 1 3 5 . 8 9 0 4m2 2 4 2 . 5 4 7 8 1 3 1 . 3 5 5 42 0 0 . 0 0
37、 2 2 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0T i m e m s - 5 0 . 0 0- 2 5 . 0 00 . 0 02 5 . 0 05 0 . 0 0Y1AS i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rC a p a c i t o r C u r r e n t a n d L o a d C u r r e n t ANSOFTm1C u r v e I n f oC . ITRR . ITRN a m e X Ym1 2 4 2 . 3 9 7 8 1
38、3 . 1 2 8 9Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 22 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converter (Rectifier) Note: The output filter capacitor has been removed in this example, in order to illustrate its function. Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Join
39、t Course 23 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converter (Rectifier) 20 0. 00 21 0. 00 22 0. 00 23 0. 00 24 0. 00 25 0. 00T im e m s -50 . 00-25 . 000. 0025 . 0050 . 00R.IAS i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rLo ad C urr en tANSOFTm1m2C u r v e I n
40、f oR . ITRN a m e X Ym1 2 2 0 . 4 7 6 0 2 8 . 8 6 5 6m2 2 2 4 . 7 7 0 1 1 . 4 5 5 62 5 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 0 0 2 9 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0T i m e m s - 3 0 0 . 0 0- 1 0 0 . 0 01 0 0 . 0 03 0 0 . 0 0V_out.VVS i n g l e P h a s e P W M _ R e c t i f i e rO u t p u t V o l t a g e ANSOF
41、Tm1m2C u r v e I n f oV _ o u t . VTRN a m e X Ym1 2 7 0 . 4 6 6 0 5 7 . 8 4 5 3m2 2 7 4 . 6 2 0 1 - 1 . 6 0 1 4 The input current changes polarity, while the output current maintains polarity. Electrolyte capacitors are generally employed to minimize the ripple, e.g. 5%. Marquette University ANSYS,
42、 Inc. Joint Course 24 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 6. Single Phase Full Bridge AC/DC Converter (Rectifier) Note: Study of effect of the input filter inductor and the output filter capacitor. A C rm sVDCV 35.1Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 25 Introduction to Power Electron
43、ics IntroPE 7. Single Phase Full Bridge DC/AC Converter (Inverter) Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 26 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 7. Single Phase Full Bridge DC/AC Converter (Inverter) 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 8 0 1 . 0 0T im e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0PWM1.VAL S i n
44、g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rP W M 1ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 1 . V A LTR0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 8 0 1 . 0 0T im e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0PWM2.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rP W M 2ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 2 . V A LTR0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 8 0 1 . 0
45、 0T im e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0PWM3.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rP W M 3ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 3 . V A LTR0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 8 0 1 . 0 0T im e m s 0 . 0 01 . 0 0PWM4.VAL S i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rP W M 4ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oP W M 4 . V A LTRGat
46、e signals for the single-phase full bridge inverter Marquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 27 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 7. Single Phase Full Bridge DC/AC Converter (Inverter) 1. 00 1. 20 1. 40 1. 60 1. 80 2. 00T im e m s -5 . 005. 0015 . 00D1.I AS i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n
47、 v e r t e rD io de C ur re nt (D 1)ANSOFTm1 C u r v e I n f oD 1 . ITRN a m e X Ym1 1 . 4 4 0 0 1 4 . 7 4 1 41. 00 1. 20 1. 40 1. 60 1. 80 2. 00T im e m s -5 . 005. 0015 . 00D2.I AS i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rD io de C ur re nt (D 2)ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oD 2 . ITR1. 00 1. 20 1. 40 1.
48、 60 1. 80 2. 00T im e m s -5 . 005. 0015 . 00D3.I AS i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rD io de C ur re nt (D 3)ANSOFTC u r v e I n f oD 3 . ITR1. 00 1. 20 1. 40 1. 60 1. 80 2. 00T im e m s -5 . 005. 0015 . 00D4.I AS i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rD io de C ur re nt (D 4)ANSOFTC u r
49、v e I n f oD 4 . ITRMarquette University ANSYS, Inc. Joint Course 28 Introduction to Power Electronics IntroPE 7. Single Phase Full Bridge DC/AC Converter (Inverter) 1. 00 1. 20 1. 40 1. 60 1. 80 2. 00T im e m s -30. 00-20. 00-10. 000. 0010. 0020. 0030. 00R.IAS i n g l e P h a s e P W M I n v e r t e rP has e C urrentANSOFTm1m2C u
