1、1,冲压零件常见缺陷分析 Stamping parts Common defects anaylse,2,模具开发基本流程 Dies project flow,产品设计 Body design,冲压工艺设计Stamping Process,模具结构设计 Die design,铸造 FMC&Casting,加工/装配 Machining/ Assembling,CAE同步分析 SE work,调试Tryout,CAE同步分析 SE work,DL图设计 Die layout design,量产 quantity production,产品数模,生产纲领,参考工艺,技术标准设备参数,零件工艺性分析
2、,CAE,拉延,修冲,CAM,翻边,工艺制订,CAE,冲压方向,内容分配,模具结构,分模线.,冲压工艺基本流程 Die Process flow,3,4,零件常见问题 Common defects,零件成形时常见问题: Common defects of stamping parts 起皱 Wrinkle 开裂 Crack 回弹 Springback 表面质量(塌陷、滑移线、冲击线)Surface quality( dent, slip line, skid line),5,起皱 Wrinkle,6,主要原因:由于板料受到挤压,当平面方向的主、次应力达到一定程度时,厚度方向失稳,从而产生起皱现
3、象。 Main reason: The blank have been extrusion, the Major strain ,minor strain go to worst, Thickness direction of instability, bring wrinkle. 材料堆集起皱。进入凹模腔内材料过多变成的皱纹。Material gathered. The material enter dies too morecaused the wrinkle 失稳起皱 InstabilityA.板料厚度方向增厚失稳。Thickness direction less sanction fo
4、rce, increasation.B.拉伸应力不均匀而产生的皱纹。(例如:门把手区域)Strain asymmetrical (For example: Door handle area),起皱原因 Reason of wrinkle,7,产品设计 Product design:A、降低翻边高度或整形深度;Decrease the depth of flange or restrike,B、将造型剧变区域接顺;Smooth the upheaval area,C、产品起皱部位增加吸料造型。Add shape of the suction. 冲压工艺 Process:A、提高压料力,调整拉延筋
5、;Add the pressure of binder, adjust the draw bead,B、工艺补充增加吸皱造型;Add shape of the suction in addendum C、检查拉延毛坯、局部材料流动情况的合理性,调整压料面Check material enter speed, adjust the binder.D、增加成形工序 Add restrike operation 材料 Material:在满足产品性能的情况下,选用成形性较好的材料 Choose best material if can meet the requirment,起皱解决办法 Solut
6、ion of wrinkle,8,零件开裂问题 Crack,9,开裂原因 Reason of crack,主要原因:由于材料在拉伸过程中,应变超过其极限,而形成失稳。 Main reason: Material extend over the limit strain 材料抗拉强度不足而产生的破裂,如靠凸、凹模R角处,局部受力过大而破裂。 Over the limit strain, for example: crack near edge Rof punch and dies. 材料变形量不足而破裂,尖点部位的开裂。Lack of strain, for example: crack at
7、tine 条纹状裂纹,由于材料内有杂质引起的裂纹,一般平行于板料扎制方向。 Striation crack, bad material which have impurity,usually parallel the coil direction.,10,材料方面:采用拉延性能较好的材料Material: use better ductility material. 减少应变方面:Decrease the strain. A、选择合理的坯料尺寸和形状 Choose the best size & shape of blank B、调整拉延筋大小 Change the size of draw
8、bead C、增加辅助工艺(切口等) Add arts and crafts (cut in draw, etc.) D、改善润滑条件 ( improve smoothly ) E、修改工艺补充面( modify the die face ) F、调整压料力( change the force of binder) G、.,开裂解决办法 Solution of crack,11,回弹问题 Spring back,回弹 Spring back:零件在冲压成形后,材料由于弹性卸载,导致局部或整体发生变形。 After form, uninstall the stress, parts deform
9、ed,应力,12,影响回弹的因素很多,实际生产中很难解决。 The causation of spring back is too more, solve it difficult. 目前,解决回弹常用下面几种方法: Solution of spring back: 补偿法 Compensation。其原理是根据弯曲成形后板料的回弹量的大小预先在模具上作出等于工件回弹量的斜度,来补偿工件成形后的回弹(经验和CAE模拟);The principle is to make the slope is equal to the workpiece springback on the mold in a
10、dvance depending on the size of the sheet after springback in bending and forming, to compensate for springback in the workpiece after forming (experience and CAE simulation); 2、拉弯法 Tension 。是在板料弯曲的同时施加拉力来改变板料内部的应力状态和分布情况,使应力分布较为均匀,减少回弹量;Change the stress within the distribution, so that the stress
11、more evenly distributed, reducing the amount of spring back; 3、采用成形性较好的材料。Use better material.,回弹解决办法 Solution of spring back,13,表面质量问题 Surface quality defects,14,表面质量问题产生原因 Reason of surface quality defects,主要类型:Sort: 冲击线、滑移线、塌陷、暗坑、表面扭曲等 Skid line, slip line, dent, twist, etc. 对于外板零件来说,外表面产生的缺陷是不接受
12、的。 Surface quality is not acceptant to outer partss class A surface 冲击线、滑移线主要是由于在冲压过程中,板料和模具接触后,在应力集中处摩擦造成的表面划痕。 Skid line, slip line is the blank touch the die R, nicked by stress concentration 塌陷、暗坑、表面扭曲主要是由于零件变形不充分,局部材料应变较小,外力释放后出现的缺陷。 dent, twist caused by strain not enough, some area strain is
13、less, defects appeared when the tension release,15,消除滑移线,可以通过改变产品形状(左右对称,增大圆角R值)、增大阻力减少滑动量等方式。 Avoid slip line , can modify the shape of product( symmetry, increase R), increase force to decrease the slide, etc. 消除冲击线,可以通过改变冲压圆角、凹模圆角,增加拉延深度,更改压料面等方法。 Avoid skid line, can modify the R, increase the d
14、epth of draw, modify the die face. 消除塌陷、表面扭曲,应了解零件在变形区所产生应力梯度的等级,尽量保证产品塑性变形的均匀性。同时通过增大阻力,提高局部形状应变等手段。 Avoid dent, twist, need analyze the strain in this area, ensure it is equality. Increase the force, increase strain, etc.,表面质量问题解决办法 Solution of surface quality defects,16,案例分析 Cases anaylse,一、冲压负角(
15、1) Undercut(1),A,A,缺陷:在冲压方向有负角,如采用侧整形工艺,增加大量模具成本。 Risk: Undercut in press direction, Use CAM-Rst will increase the cost of Die,措施:保证拔模角度3以上。 optimization: Ensure the draft angle above 3.,SECTION A-A,min3,一、冲压负角(2) Undercut(2),缺陷:在冲压方向有负角,无法拉延成形。 Risk: Undercut in press direction.,措施:加大拔模角度,保证无负角。 Op
16、timization: Increase the draft angle, ensure none undercut,一、冲压负角(3) Undercut(3),缺陷:在冲压方向有负角,无法成形。. Risk: Undercut in press direction.,措施:将和两特征连接起来,消除冲压负角。 Optimization: Unite & , Cancel the under cut,二、开裂(1) Crack(1),缺陷:门把手局部形状太深,存在开裂风险。 Risk: The height of Handle too deep, have crack here.,措施:降低深度
17、并增大R角,。 Optimization: Decrease the depth, and increase the R.,A,A,SECTION A-A,二、开裂(2) Crack(2),缺陷:产品R角处翻边高度过大,存在开裂风险。 Risk: The Flange length on the corner is too long, have risk of crack.,措施:降低拐角处翻边高度至35mm。 Optimization: Decrease the length of Flange to 3 5 mm,二、开裂(3) Crack(3),缺陷:凸包特征变化急剧,拉延开裂。 Ris
18、k: The diversification of table is sudden, crack in drawing.,措施:更改局部特征平滑过渡,增大R角。 Optimization: Change the table diversification smoothly, Increase the R.,三、起皱(1) Wrinkle(1),缺陷:此区域整形时,由于整形刀与各面未同时接触,导致a处存在波纹(A面表面质量问题)。 Risk: The steel for flange touch the die face not the same time, cause the wrinkle
19、in the face a (Class A face),措施:增加一个与表面平行的台阶。 Optimization: Add a table which the same height to Class A face.,a,a,三、起皱(2) Wrinkle(2),缺陷:产品R角处翻边高度过大,存在叠料现象。 Risk: The flange length on the corner is too long, will wrinkle here.,措施:减小R角部位翻边高度,保证翻边高度3mm5mm。 Optimization: Decrease the flange length on t
20、he corner, ensure 3mm5mm.,三、起皱(3) Wrinkle(3),缺陷:翻边时拐角处叠料。 Risk: The flange on the corner will wrinkle.,措施:降低局部翻边高度,按红色线修改零件轮廓。 Optimization: Decrease the flange length, like the red line.,5mm,5mm,三、起皱(4) Wrinkle(4),缺陷:成形过程中坯料流动不均匀,引起表面起皱。 Risk: The material inrush asymmetry, cause wrinkle in the Cla
21、ss A face.,措施:改变图示位置产品结构形状(局部加凹槽或形状平缓过渡)。 Optimization: Change the table shape, like the picture.,三、起皱(5) Wrinkle(5),缺陷:由于形状特征限制,门内板此处起皱现象十分典型。 Risk: There is a typical wrinkle in door inner,措施:局部增加深凹槽吸皱。 Optimization: Add the groove,四、回弹(1) Spring back(1),缺陷:此类弧形长条状零件,造型相对简单,通常易发生扭曲、回弹现象,需长时间调试,难度高
22、。 Risk: Parts like this, Spring back because the shape simple, Usually contort self, difficult solve it, spend more time.,措施:适当增加条槽型加强筋,利于回弹控制,缩短模具开发时间。 Optimization: Add the rib, decrease spring back, save the time of tryout,四、回弹(2) Spring back(2),缺陷:U形件回弹不易控制。 Risk: The spring back difficult to co
23、ntrol with the U figure parts.,措施:加强凹方形筋控制反弹。 Optimization: Add the rib,缺陷:修边困难。 Risk: Difficult to trim,措施:规则补齐产品轮廓,确保刃口强度 Optimization: Change the edge regular, ensure the strength of steel cut.,五、修冲困难(1) Trim risk(1) ),五、修冲困难(1.1) Trim risk(1.1),缺陷:修边轮廓距R太近,压料器强度弱,修边条件差。 Risk: The trim line near
24、the R, less strength of PAD.,措施:保证法兰边宽度 5mm。 Optimization: Ensure the length over 5mm,5mm,五、修冲困难(2) Trim risk(2),缺陷:孔距边太近,凸模强度差,修边困难。 Risk: The hole near the wall, less strength of punch.,措施:修改产品轮廓,保证孔边缘距R角距离 5mm。 Optimization: Modify the edge of hole, ensure over 5mm distance,Min.5mm,Min.5mm,五、修冲困难
25、(3) Trim risk(3),缺陷:豁口太小,冲切时刀块刃口强度差,影响模具使用寿命。 Risk: the distance of it is little , less strength of steel, effect the life time.,措施:修改产品轮廓,增大豁口宽度 5mm。 Optimization: Modify the trim line, add the distance of it over 5mm,五、修冲困难(4) Trim risk(4),缺陷:零件此处局部形状无法正修边,如采用侧修边工艺,将增加模具开发及维护成本。 Risk: Cant direct
26、trim here, Use CAM trim will add the cost.,措施:修改产品轮廓,R根部平直补出5mm。 Optimization: Modify the trim line to the under face in order to direct trim possibile.,五、修冲困难(5) Trim risk(5),缺陷:冲孔时,冲头与制件干涉。 Risk: Have interference between the punch and parts,措施:将孔的位置向上移动10mm,保证冲头与制件不干涉。 Optimization: Move the hole
27、, 10mm ensure no interference.,Section A-A,五、修冲困难(6) Trim risk(6),缺陷:凸台上的孔距边太近,冲孔时下模强度差。 Risk: The distance of hole to edge is too little, less strength of punch,措施:增大凸台形状或减小孔的尺寸,保证上图所示参数值。 Optimization: Enlarge the table or decrease the size of hole.,五、修冲困难(7) Trim risk(7),六、翻边质量差 Worse flange,缺陷:翻
28、边法兰直边宽度小,冲压成形后此翻边特征难保证。 Risk: Less flange length, difficult to form.,措施:增大翻边高度,保证过R直翻边宽度 1.5t。 Optimization: Add the length of flange, over 1.5t,七、分块合理性 Separate Rationality,缺陷:分割成2个零件,增加模具套数及开发成本。 Risk: Divide to 2 parts, will add the cost and sets of dies.,措施:将两零件合成一个零件。 Optimization: Unite it,回弹控制,产品设计中的回弹控制,具有侧壁加强筋的翼子板上边梁,冲压工艺中的回弹控制,过拉伸法工艺与常规拉延工艺冲压件回弹的比较,过拉伸法,变压边力法,