1、(3,4)重点词汇1. n.c 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的典例 The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 练习 根据意思完成句子。1). The _ _ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed _ _ (铁路系统).2. vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产( 蛋)典例1). He laid h
2、is hand on my shoulder. 2). Who should we lay the blame on? 重点用法 lay 短语：lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the blame on sb.责备某人lay the table 摆桌子 lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上；强调练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). The bird _ its eggs in other birds nests. 2). He is a pol
3、itical leader that _ _ _ _ (非常强调 ) individual responsibility. 3). He _ some money _ for rainy days. 3. adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n. take it a bit _ _ _.8). Youll have your own office soon, but _ _ _ _ you ll have to share one with me.(1)I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday._.(2)_there wer
4、e not so many cars on the streets.(3)_I go out to the beach to relax.3. 轮到某人；接着 典例 When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.Now it is your turn to look after the ch
5、ildren. 短语归纳 turn 短语：by turns 轮流；一阵一阵 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了take turns (to do sth.)轮流（做某物） in turn 依次，轮流；反之，反过来 练习 用 turn 短语翻译句子。我们轮流着开车。_ (湖北)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this_creates further problems.Ain short Bin case Cin doubt Din turn4.
6、 = stop.from = keepfrom 使不做事；阻止做某事典例 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow s game. No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.Once he has made up his mind，nothing can prevent him from doing so.His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.He wears sun
7、glasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.【用法辨析】注意: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的 from 可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from 不可省略，因为 keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事 ”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的 from 都不可省；当后接 sb s doing sth. 作宾语时，只能用 prevent 或 stop，不能用keep。练习 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1). Doctors took action to
8、 _ _ _ _ _ (防止这种疾病的蔓延).2). Of course I can t _ your going abroad. 3). 警察阻止他们携带武器。_ 完成句子Measures have been taken to_(阻止河流污染) 5. 挡住（光线）典例That wall blocks out all the light. 短语归纳 out 短语：break out 爆发，发生 burst out 大声喊叫，突然起来 go out 外出；过时；(灯)熄put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产 come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是 help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)l
9、ook out 留神；注意 watch out 注意；提防 find out 找出，查明，发现pick out 挑出，辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说，大胆地说 think out 仔细思考某事；想出（主意等） hang out 挂出，闲逛 knock out (拳击中)击倒，打昏 sell out 售完( 某种货物)，脱销turn out 结果证明是 run out (of) 用完，耗尽 check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去hand out 分发，散发 give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)练习 用 out 短语填空。1). At the end of t
10、he race his legs _ _ and he collapsed on the ground.2). It s easy to _ him _ in a crowd because he is very tall. 3). His nwe book will _ _ next month.4). We thought it was going to rain; it _ _ to be a fine day.5). We _ _ of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.6. = set off 出发；动身；不用上班 /
11、学/开张典例 Then we were off. 短语归纳 off 短语：get off 下车 fall off 从摔下来 take off 脱下；起飞keep off 远离turn off 关闭 pay off 付清，还清 set.off 给送行 kick off 踢球jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀shut off 关闭 练习 用 turn 短语填空或翻译。1). It is a Sunday and we _ _ (不用上班) today.2). Her husband _ _ on a business trip somewhere. 3). Th
12、ere we saw a sign reading, “_ _ the grass”.4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _ _ all her debts.7. (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发典例 Fire broke out during the night. 短语归纳 break 短语：break away from 脱离（党派） ；摆脱（控制） break down 毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败break up 打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂( 解体) break off (使)停止；中断；折断 break into sth. 强
13、行进入某处 break one s word/promise 食言；说话不算数练习 用 break 短语填空。1). Negotiations between the two sides have _ _.2). His house was _ _ last week. 8. 密切注视；当心；提防 典例 Watch out! There s a car coming. 重点用法watch out for sb/sth 警惕或注意某人/事物 watch over 保护；照看 练习 用 watch 短语填空。1). There must have been an angel _ _ me that
14、 day.2). You ll become an alcoholic if you don t _ _.9. (使)高兴；使振奋；感到振奋Give Mary a call，she needs cheering up.Cheer up！Our troubles will soon be over.When Im feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team.重点句子1. It expl
15、oded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. 解释“be + 不定式 ”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令， “应该做某事”或表示某事“ 将必然发生” 。例如：练习 完成句子或翻译。1). Here is a message for you from y
16、our head teacher: you _ _ _ to her office after class. (你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2). The worst is still _ _ (come).3). We ll hold a meeting tomorrow.= We _ _ _ a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is _ _ _ tomorrow.4). 这趟火车将于上午 10：25 到达北京。_ 2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 解释 此句中的
17、made 后跟带形式宾语 it 的复合结构，其中 it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构， “to begin to develop”，宾语补足语是 possible。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有 think，feel ，find ，consider 等。练习 完成句子或翻译。1). We _ _ _ _ (规定) to get up at 6 o clock every morning.2). I _ _ _ (发现很难) to get along with him3). 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。_4). 我觉得我有责任帮助你。_3. But when I tried to ste
18、p forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.解释 twice as.as. “是的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1). 倍数+ as + adj./adv. + as “是的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.2). 倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+ than “比(多/大)几倍”My room is twice larger than his. 3). 倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of “是 的长度/高度/宽度几倍”My r
19、oom is twice the size of his. 注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth 等。例如：This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one. = This ruler is three times the length of that one. There are five times more books in our library than in yours
20、.He has read twice as many books as I have.My house is twice the size of my parents.1.(江西卷)According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer_a woman.Athan Bsuch Cso Das2.(辽宁卷)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.Aas much twice as Btwice as much a
21、s Cmuch as twice as Das twice much as3. (陕西)Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs.Aas twice large as Btwice as large as Ctwice as much as Das twice much as4. Some parts in South China have experienced_this year as they did last year.Atwice as much rain Brain twice as much Ca
22、s twice much rain D twice rain as much4. “Oh dear， ” I cried， “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that 由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时 that 可以省略。Now that I have nothing to do，I can enjoy music for a little while.Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.辨析：beca
23、use，since，as， for 与 now that(1)because 语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.(2)since 语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。Since you cant answer the question，Ill ask someone else.(3)as 语气比 because 弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。As there w
24、as no answer，we wrote him again.(4)for 是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for 需放在两句之间。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.(北京)Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomorrow.Athough Bunless Cwhen Dbecause_youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.ANow that BAft
25、er CAlthough D As soon as.重点单词聚焦1 It cost him more than one_(十亿) dollars to complete the project.2 “What happened？” Johns mother asked him in a_(温和的) voice.3 Before the Earths protective_(大气层) was formed，there was no life except in the sea. 4 With the_(引力) of the moon and the sun each day，tides (潮汐)
26、 roll in and roll away.5 Man-made_(卫星) are used for sending and receiving messages.6 Smoking_(乘，增加) the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.7 Eating too many desserts can be_(有害的) to ones teeth.8 Global warming and_(气候) change problems are perhaps the greatest threats to our planet.9 Acc
27、ording to the_(理论) of relativity (相对论)，nothing can travel faster than light.10 Most of the evidence had been destroyed._(因此，于是)，it was almost impossible to prove him guilty.完成句子1 _(既然) youve finished your homework，you can go and play football to have a rest.2 Do your best in your career，and youll su
28、cceed _(迟早)3 _(当心) for his temper！Hes not easy to deal with.4 Whenever Im upset，she always has a good idea to make me_(感到高兴)5 The first modern robot_(诞生) in 1954，created by George Davel and operated digitally.6 The government has taken measures to_ the cultural relics_(阻止被损坏).巧思妙解1 _matters most in
29、learning English is enough practice.AWhat BWhy CWhere DWhich2 _is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.AIt BWhat CAs DWhich3 _parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.AThat BWhich CWhat DAs4 _he couldnt understand was_，as a teacher of Chinese，he
30、 was asked to teach history.AWhat ；that BWhat；what CWhat；which DWhy ；how.语法专练本单元语法主语从句1 Please remember_wins your respect is not your background but your knowledge and virtues.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhere2 (浙江卷)It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patien
31、ts have taken it.Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether3 _young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.AWhich BThat CWhat DHow4 Mary looks down today.What is up? Well，_happened between Mary and me is none of your business.Awherever Bwhoever Cwhatever Dno matter what5 It mak
32、es his life quite different_he has received education abroad.Athat Bwhich Cwhat DhowUnit 31.passage 2.unbelievable 3.scenes 4.fault 5. contrary 6. permitted 7. patience 8. Manners 9.rude 10. account1. brought him up 2.if time permits 3. I met her by accident4. stared at her 5. many people in rags4. As for/to my past 7. take a chance/risk 8. On the contraryDCCDD BAABB
