1、感叹句(试题研究 P236)注:感叹句用法口诀:感叹句,表情感,how 与 what 放句前。名词词组跟 what,how 与形副紧相连。若是名前乱糟糟,how 放句首莫迟疑。为使句子更简洁,主谓部分可省略。宾语从句:(试题研究 P239)宾语从句的做题注意事项:1.判断语序。宾语从句为陈述句语序。2.判断时态。(1 )需要性原则:主句若是现在时(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时) ,从句时态随句意。(2 )呼应性原则:主句若是过去时(包括一般过去时,过去进形式) ,从句用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)(3 )特殊性原则:若从句表示客观事实或真理。无
2、论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。3.判断 that 本身无意义,只起 连接代词:what / which/ who/ whose 连接副词:when(表时间)/ If/whether 意为“是否”不作成分,形式 结构 例句What +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+(主+ 谓)!What a beautiful present (it is)!What +形容词+可数名词复数+(主+谓)! What interesting books(they are)!What 引导What +形容词+不可数名词+(主+谓)! What nice music(it is)!How + 形容词/副词+
3、主+ 谓! How fine the weather is! / How well he plays the violin!How + 主+ 谓! How time flies!How 引导How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+(主+谓)! How careful a girl (she is)!引导词。 连接作用,口语中可省略。 / whom 在从句中作一定的成分,如:主 ,宾 ,定。where(表地点)/ why(表原因)/how(表方式)不可省略,whether 可与 or not 连用,if 不可与其连用。定语从句(试题研究 P241) 定语从句三看原则:一看指人还是物。二看句中作
4、何成分。三看是否特殊。先行词 关系代词 句子成分 例句who/that 作 主语 He is a man who/that often helps others.who/whom/that 作宾语 He is the man (whom/that/who) you would like to see.The man to whom I am talking is my uncle.人whose 作定语 Is there anyone whose father is a doctor?作 主语 Its a computer that/which costs 6,000 yuan.that/whi
5、ch作宾语 I like the skirt (that/which)my mother bought me yesterday物whose/of which 作定语 Mr. Green lives in a house whose roof is red.人+物 that 作 主/宾 They talked about things and persons that they remembered.关系副词 where(地点), when (时间),why (原因)只能用关系代词 that 的情况:1.先行词时不定代词 something , anything ,everything, no
6、thing , all ,little, few, much, none, some,等时。As we know , all that can be done has been done.2.先行词被 the only ,the very, the right ,the last, 等词修饰时。 It is the only word that I dont know in the passage.3.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词时。 This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.He w
7、as the first that gave us some useful advice.4.当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing over there?只能用关系代词 which 的情况:关系代词前有介词时 This is the house in which they lived last year.先行词本身为 that, those 时 Whats that which was put in the box.状语从句:(试题研究 P210)状语从句 从属连词 含义 用法when 当时while 当时as
8、 当时before 在以前once 一旦until 直到为止till 直到为止since 自从以后 主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。after 在之后时间状语从句as soon as 一就 遵循主将从现if 如果 从句用一般现在时,主句通常用一般将来时(主将从现)unless 如果不,除非 unless 可以转化为 ifnot结构。 (主将从现)条件状语从句as long as 只要 (主将从现)主句为祈使句,一般将来时,或有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时表将来。though 虽然although 尽管even though / if 即使引导让步状语从句时,不能与 but 同时
9、使用。whatever 无论什么 等于 no matter what让步状语从句whenever 无论何时 等于 no matter when原因状 because 因为 表示造成某种情况的直接原因,用来回答 why 引导的问句,不能与 so 同时使用。since 既然 语气比 because 弱,表示众所周知的原因。语从句as 由于 语气比 since 弱,表示总所周知的原因,引导的从句谓语主句前后均可。as 照的方式方式状语从句 as if / though 似乎/ 好像sothat 如此以至于 形容词/副词 当 so that 引导的结many/few+可数名词复数 果状语从句是否定句时可以与much/little(少)+ 不可数名词 too+形容词/副词+to+动原互换。形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 还可与 not enough +形容词/ 副词+ to do sth.互换结果状语从句suchthat 如此以至于 a/an +形容词+可数名词单数形容词+ 可数名词复数 /不可数名词so that 以便于目的状语从句 in order that 为了+that 从句so+such+ +that