1、11. Is language，like food，a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged？Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he tol
2、d the nurses to keep silent.语言是否像食物一样为人类的一项基本需求，在生命的关键时刻，没有它孩子就会饿死或者受到损害呢？从十三世纪弗雷德里克二世所做的严厉的试验来判断，这是可能的。为了发现一个从没听到过母语的孩子究竟会讲什么语言，他叫保姆缄默不语。All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering
3、， in the first year of life especially， the capacity to survive is seriously affected.所有婴儿出生一年不到都夭折了。但是很明显，夭折的原因不是被剥夺了语言，而是失去母亲般的悉心照护。没有母亲般的悉心照护，特别是在生命的第一年，婴儿的成活能力受到严重影响。Today no such drastic deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless， some children are still backward in speaking.
4、 Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant， whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times， it seems， when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected， the ideal time for acquiring
5、2skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time， but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.在今天，像弗雷德里克下令严厉剥夺的现象已不复存在了。尽管如此，有些孩子说话仍然迟钝。究其原因，往往是母亲对婴儿的示意和信号无动于衷，而孩子的大脑这时正处在快速吸收语言的状态。看起来，确有某些关键时期，孩子们学起来相当
6、容易。假如这段敏感的时期被忽视，获得技巧的理想时间过去了，他们可能就再也不会如此轻松地学到东西了。一只小鸟能在适当时机较快地学会鸣叫和飞翔，可是一旦关键阶段过去，学会鸣叫和飞翔的过程就会缓慢而艰难。Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age， but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ （I
7、ntelligence Quotient） 。 At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds； at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands； at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences， and at fo
8、ur his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.语言学家认为，言语在一生中的各个阶段是按固定的先后顺序，在某一定的年龄分别达到的，但也有若干情况，某些孩子开始说话3晚，结果其智商却很高。十二周的婴孩会笑，发出元音似的声音；十二个月的孩子可以说简单的词，懂得简单的命令；十八个月的孩子有三到五十个单词的词汇；三岁的孩子懂得一千单词，并且能够组成句子；到了四岁时，孩子的语言与其父母的语言只是在风格上而不是在语法上有所差异。Recent evidence suggests that an inf
9、ant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Mans brain，compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of，say，a teddy-bear with the sound pattern teddy-bear。 And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out
10、an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him，to analyze，to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.近来有证据表明，婴儿生来就具有讲话能力。人的大脑与猿猴的大脑相比，就在于它是一套复杂的系统，比如说，能使婴儿在见到或摸到玩具熊时，把“玩具熊” 与这个词的音联车在一起，甚至更加不可思义的是，幼小的脑子能从周围的喧嚣声中听出语言表达的某种命令，用种种新奇的方式对某个语言的成份进行分析、组合以及重新组合。But speech has to
11、be triggered，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the childs babbling，clinging， 4grasping，crying ，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets di
12、scouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.但是幼儿说话要有人逗。这得靠母亲和孩子相互影响。母亲要善于从孩子的咿咿呀呀中，以及依偎，抓，哭，笑中辨别出不同含意和信号，并且做出反应。母亲对孩子的上述信号持冷漠态度会减弱这种相互作用，因为这会使孩子扫兴，而发出的只能是些明显的信号。对孩子的非语言信号是否敏感，这对其语言的增长和发展是至关重要的。2. I
13、 am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn. I heard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than 100,000 a year.我常常吃惊，为什么有才华的人却只有微薄的收入。前几天我听人说，只有不到 5的美国人年收入在 10 万美元以上。A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors, dent
14、ists and chiropractors struggle financially. All this time, I thought that when they graduated, the dollars would pour in. It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase, “They are one skill away from great wealth.“ What this phrase means is that most people 5need only to learn and master on
15、e more skill and their income would jump exponentially.一位精通药品贸易的商务顾问曾经告诉我，有许多医生、牙医和按摩师生活拮据。以前我总以为他们一毕业，财源便会滚滚而来。这位商务顾问告诉了我一句话：“离发大财，他们还差一项技能。” 这句话的意思是说，大部分人还需多学习并掌握一项技能，他们的收入才能呈指数倍增长。I have mentioned before that financial intelligence is a synergy of accounting, investing, marketing and law. Combine
16、 those four technical skills and making money with money is easier. When it comes to money, the only skill most people know is to work hard以前我提到过，财商是会计、投资、市场营销和法律方面的能力综合。将上述四种专业技能结合起来，以钱生钱就会更容易。说到钱，大部分人所知的唯一技能就是拼命工作。When I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in 1969, my educated dad was
17、happy. Standard Oil of California had hired me for its oil-tanker fleet. I had a great career ahead of me, yet I resigned after six months with the company and joined the Marine Corps to learn how to fly. My educated dad was devastated. Rich dad congratulated me.1969 年，我从美国海运学院毕业了。我那有学识的爸爸十分高兴，因为加州标
18、准石油公司录用我为它的油轮队工作。尽管我的未来前程远大，但我还是在 6 个月后辞职离开了这家公司，加入海军陆战6队去学习飞行。对此我那有学识的爸爸非常伤心，而富爸爸则祝贺我做出的决定。Job security meant everything to my educated dad. Learning meant everything to my rich dad. Educated dad thought I went to school to learn to be a ships officer. Rich dad knew that I went to school to study i
19、nternational trade. So as a student, I made cargo runs, navigating large freighters, oil tankers and passenger ships to the Far East and the South Pacific. While most of my classmates, including Mike, were partying at their fraternity houses, I was studying trade, people and cultures in Japan, Thail
20、and, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Korea and the Philippines. I also was partying, but it was not in any frat house. I grew up rapidly.对于有学识的爸爸来说，稳定的工作就是一切。而对于富爸爸来说，学习才是一切。有学识的爸爸以为我上学是为了做一名船长，而富爸爸明白我上学是为了学习国际贸易。因此，在做学生时，我跑过货运、为前往远东及南太平洋的大型货轮、油轮和客轮导航。当我的大部分同班同学，包括迈克，在他们的联谊会会堂举办晚会的时候，我正在日本、泰国、新加坡、中国香
21、港、越南、韩国和菲律宾学习贸易、人际关系和文化。我也参加晚会，但不去任何联谊会，我迅速地成熟起来了。There is an old clich that goes, “Job is an acronym for Just Over Broke.“ And unfortunately, I would say that the saying applies to millions of people. Because school does not think financial intelligence is 7intelligence, most workers “live within t
22、heir means.“ They work and they pay the bills.常言道， “工作（ job）就是比破产强一点 的缩写 ”。然而不幸的是，这句话确实适用于千百万人，因为学校没有把财商看作是一种才智，大部分工人都“量入为出 ”：干活挣钱，支付账单。Instead I recommend to young people to seek work for what they will learn, more than what they will earn. Look down the road at what skills they want to acquire bef
23、ore choosing a specific profession and before getting trapped in the “Rat Race“. Once people are trapped in the lifelong process of bill paying, they become like those little hamsters running around in those little metal wheels.Their little furry legs are spinning furiously, the wheel is turning fur
24、iously, but come tomorrow morning, theyll still be in the same cage: great job.相反，我劝告年轻人在寻找工作时要看看能从中学到什么，而不是只看能挣到多少。在选择某种特定职业之前或是陷入 “老鼠赛跑（激烈的竞争）”之前，要好好掂量自己到底需要获得什么技能。一旦人们为支付账单而整天疲于奔命，就和那些在小铁轮里不停奔跑转圈的小老鼠一样了。老鼠的小毛腿跑得飞快，小铁轮也转得飞快，可到了第二天早上，他们发现自己依然困在同一个老鼠笼里，那就是：重要的工作。When I ask the classes I teach, “How
25、many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDonalds?“, almost all the students raise their hands. I 8then ask, “So if most of you can cook a better hamburger, how come McDonalds makes more money than you?“ The answer is obvious: McDonalds is excellent at business systems.当我在自己教授的班级上问到“你们当中有多少人做的汉
26、堡包能比麦当劳更好”时，几乎所有的学生都举起了手。我接着问，“ 如果你们当中大部分人都能做出比麦当劳更好的汉堡包，那为什么麦当劳比你们更能赚钱？” 答案是显而易见的：麦当劳拥有一套出色的运营体系。The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems. The world is filled with talented poor people. All too
27、 often, theyre poor or struggle financially or earn less than they are capable of, not because of what they know but because of what they do not know. They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.许多才华横溢的人之所以贫穷的原因，
28、就是因为他们只是专心于做更好的汉堡包，而对运营体系几乎一无所知。世界上到处都是有才华的穷人。在很多情况下，他们之所以贫穷、生活拮据或者收入与其能力不相符，不是因为他们已知的东西而是因为他们未知的东西。他们只将注意力集中在提高和完善做汉堡包的技术上，却不注意提高有关汉堡包的销售和送货技能。3. Q: I am doing a masters degree in accounting and have completed my 9first semester. Now Im thinking of shifting to actuarial studies, as I dont find acco
29、unting very exciting. In the current economy, should I pursue something I feel passionate about or go for a field with more job security?问：我现在正在攻读会计学硕士，目前已经修完第一学期的课程。现在，我正在考虑转到精算系，因为我觉得会计很无聊。在目前的经济环境下，我到底是应该从事我所感兴趣的领域，还是追求稳定的职业呢？A: Job security is extremely hard to come by these days, no matter what
30、 profession you choose. It isnt enough to pursue a field with perceived stability, say the experts. Youll want to find something you feel passionate about, can make a living doing and that involves using skills you can easily apply to other fields.答：在当前的经济形势下，无论你从事何种职业，就业稳定都很难找到稳定的就业机会。专家们表示，光是追求预计能
31、够带来稳定就业的领域是不够的。你希望追求的方向应该是你所热爱的、能够借以维持生计的职业，并且能够运用到一些你可以轻松转换到其它领域的技能。Passion is a necessary but not sufficient condition for success in the workplace, says James Elsen, president and chief executive officer of Sustainable Circles Corp., publisher of , a green living guide that includes job listings.
32、 Pursuing what you love will give you 10access to creativity and energy that you would not otherwise be able to tap while slogging to a job you are indifferent about.Sustainable Circles Corp.的总裁兼首席执行长詹姆斯爱尔森(James Elsen)表示，要想取得事业上的成功，热爱是必要条件，但并非充份条件。追求你所热爱的职业能够为你带来创造力和活力，而这些都是从事某项你自己都感到无所谓的工作所无法得到的东西
33、。Sustainable Circles Corp。是 的出版商，这是一份“ 绿色生活”指南，同时也发布一些空缺职位。Bear in mind that since youre only one semester in, it may be too early to rule out accounting. Give yourself some more time and become an expert in the field so you can make an educated decision about whether its right for you, suggests Pa
34、ul Herrerias, a managing director at executive-consulting firm Stanton Chase International. Talk to people working in the field and join networking groups on sites like LinkedI, for example. You cant get excited about something you know nothing about, he says。职业经理人咨询公司 Stanton Chase International 的董
35、事总经理保罗(Paul Herrerias)表示，需要谨记的是，既然到目前为止你学习会计只有一个学期的时间，这个时候放弃会计可能还所言过早。不妨给你自己一些时间，让自己成为这个领域的专家，这样你也可以更好地了解到底哪个方向更适合自己，由此做出更加明智的决定。比如说，11你可以和业内人士多加接触，参加网络社交群体如 LinkedI 等等。他说，最忌讳的事情就是盲目追求某个你还毫无所知的领域。Dont discount the virtues of a degree in a high-demand field such as accounting, especially in the curre
36、nt economy, adds Amy Nichols, founder and CEO of Dogtopia, a chain of upscale dog daycare and spa facilities. Having a broader degree is more valuable in times like these, she says。高端宠物狗护理和美容设施连锁店 Dogtopia 的创始人兼 CEO艾米尼克尔斯(Amy Nichols)则表示，不要低估会计等需求量很大领域的学位的含金量，尤其是在目前的经济状况下。她说，拥有一个求职面相对宽泛的学位在目前的形式下是很有
37、价值的。Ms. Nichols got her degree in psychology and worked in the telecom industry for years before pursuing a career that caters to her passion for dogs. In the five years she was with Verizon (then Bell Atlantic)， she held four different positions. By working for a large company, she says she receive
38、d invaluable training and experience that she might never have obtained if she tried to striking out on her own right after college. And without the credibility and knowledge she gained, securing a business loan might have been an impossibility, she says. Accounting might not be that thrilling or ex
39、citing, but you need to have those skills to run a successful business, she says.12尼克尔斯女士过去主修心理学，在电信行业工作多年，由于她对狗的热爱，最后她选择了目前的事业。在 Verizon(后来成为 Bell Atlantic)供职的五年当中，她从事过四份不同的岗位。尼克尔斯女士说，在大公司工作的经历，让她获得了宝贵的培训机会和工作经验；如果她当初选择毕业后就立即自立门户，她可能永远也没有机会获得这些体验。而如果没有她通过在大公司工作所逐渐积累起来的信用和知识，她为自己的企业获得商业贷款的机会可能也会微乎其微
40、。尼克尔斯女士说，会计可能不是那么令人激动或兴奋的职业，但是要想成功经营企业，你就必须要掌握相关的技能。In the mean time, nothing should stop you from pursuing your interests on the side while working a 9-to-5 job to pay the bills, says Ms. Nichols. Stow away some money for a future business or career change.尼克尔斯女士表示，与此同时，上班族在朝九晚五之余，也不应该停止对自己所热爱的事业的追
41、求。试着积累一些资金，以便自己将来创业或者转行。Whichever way you go, it seems youll be choosing well, at least according to a recent study released from CareerC ranking the best and worst occupations in the U.S. Both accounting and actuarial science made it into the top 10; actuary came in second place and accounting came
42、 in tenth.13无论你如何选择，你的选择都不会错，至少从 CareerC最近发布的美国前景最好和最差的职业排名来看是这样。会计和精算都名列前茅，精算名列第二，会计则排在第十。4. Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person.
43、With each passing day we learn to handle various situations. 人生好似一个包裹，这个包裹里藏着快乐与悲伤、成功与失败，希望与绝望。人生也是一个学习的过程。那些经历给我们上了全新的课，让我们变得更好。随着每一天的过去，我们学会了处理各种各样的问题Love plays a pivotal role on out life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could go hayward and also become cruel and ferocious. In th
44、e early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to oth
45、ers feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better. 爱在生活之外扮演了一个关键的角色。爱使你想要得到些什么。没有爱，一个人将走向不归路，变得凶暴、残忍。在我们最初的人生道路上，我们的父母给予了我们无条件的关爱，他们教会我们判断14正确与错误、好与坏。然而我们常常把这想当然了，只有等到我们结了婚并且有了孩子之后，一个人才会懂得并注意别人的感受。孩子让我们变得富有责任心、变得成熟稳重，并且更好的理解人生Happiness and SorrowMaterialis
46、tic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of
47、 a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.快乐与悲伤物质上的快乐往往是短暂的，然而，当你给予他人一个微笑的时候，那种满足却是无与伦比的。心灵的平静往往是快乐的源泉。没有平和的心态就没有快乐的心情。在伤心的时候，我们往往能够体会到快乐的真谛。悲伤基本都来自于一个爱人的去世、失败还有绝望，但是这样的事情都是暂时的，总会过去的。Failure and SuccessFailure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky
48、, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on out shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for 15bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to
49、 the less fortunate ones.失败与成功失败是成功之母。它让我们触及蓝天，它教会我们如何生存，它给予我们一条特殊的路。成功给予我们金钱、名誉、骄傲和自尊。这里，保持头脑清醒便显得尤为重要。唯一能让我们感激上帝给予的成功便是始终卑微、谦虚、礼貌并且尊重没有我们幸运的人们。Hope and DespairHope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same we have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.希望与绝望希望是人生动力之源。父母总是希望自己的孩子能够
