1、1英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分 英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.2
2、What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain? They are England, Scotland and Wales3. What is the official name of Great Britain？The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What
3、did William do after he suppressed 镇压 the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense 防卫 castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation? ( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of Engla
4、nd?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died? ( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second s
5、on William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.)9 What was William Is policy towards the church? (He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to upload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Book completed? ( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of the Hundred Y
6、ears War? (The French drove the English out of their land. By 1453, Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of English)12 What did the Lollards preach? (The Lollards preached the equality of men before God)13 What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off agai
7、nst each other for nearly 30 years? ( France and Spain were the two countries that Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years)14 What was the outcome 结果 of the English Civil War? (It not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feud
8、al rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.)15 What were the three main causes of Henry VIIIs religious reform of the Church? ( The three main causes were: a desire for change and reform in the Church had been growing for many years and now, encouraged by th
9、e success of Marin Luther, many people believed its time had come; the privilege and wealth of the clergy were also resented; and Henry needed money)16 Which party did Margaret Thatcher represent in the 1970s? (She represented the Conservative Party)17 What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th
10、century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farming methods 改变耕作方式 affect lives of millions in the 18th century?(Because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that
11、 time.)19 When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community?(Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in January, 1973)没背 20 Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition to European Union and her imp
12、osition of an extremely unpopular flatrate poll tax in place of property taxes to pay for local government service.21 What were the two groups of the Chartiests? What was their difference?(The Chartists could be divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists. The
13、 former wanted to realize their aims by peaceful means while the latter wanted to achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the London Working Mens Association in its struggle?(It aimed to to seek by every legal means to place all classes of society in possession of equal political a
14、nd social rights)223 Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th century? (Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the
15、 UK consist of ?(651Members of Parliament)26 What does the British Parliament consist of ?(It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons)27 What did the term parliament originally mean?( It originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion)28 Where does the Sovereigns c
16、oronation take place?(It takes place at Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂 in London)29Where does the Queens expenditure arising from 支出所产生的 public duties come from?( The Queens expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments)30 How is the British House of Commons e
17、lected?The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage.31 What is a shadow cabinet 影子内阁 in Britain?( The party which wins the second largest number of seats in parliament becomes the Official Opposition and it forms its own cabinet known as shadow cabinet32 What are the three main Christ
18、ian festivals in Britain?(The three main Christian festivals in Britain are Christmas. Easter, and Whit Sunday.)33 Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain? 谁直接负责国民保健制度在英国(Central government is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain)34 What are the two established churches in Britain?
19、(They are the Church of England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland)35 How many provinces does the Church of England have? (The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and York)36What is the National Day in Britain? (The birthday of the British Monarch is a National Day in Britain)37 What
20、 does Oxbridge refer to in Great Britain?(It refers to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge)没背 38 What kind of schools are the independent schools in Britain?(The independent schools are those supported entirely by fees and private funs)39What are the three groups of nation newspapers?(They are
21、quality, popular and mid-market papers.)40 Which religion in Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination?(The Anglican Church 圣公会 of Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination.)没背 41 What was the consequence of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921? 什么是后果，英爱条约1921？(Violent opposition to the trea
22、ty by ultranationalists led to a civil war.)没背 42 What was the result of growing Irish nationalism in the early decades of the 20th century?(Irish nationalism became stronger and even more violent in the early decades of the 20th century and climaxed in the Eastern Uprising of 1916 in which an Irish
23、 Republic was proclaimed.)没背 43 Wht happened after the English king was declared the head of the Church of Ireland replaceing the Pope? 英国国王宣布爱尔兰教会领袖代替教皇(There followed centuries of religious as well as political persecution 政治迫害, which helped to strengthen and deepen Irelands Catholic spirit.)第二部分
24、美国部分1What are the two novels giving a vivid description of the miserable life of the black slaves?(Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots)2 What is the reason for the growth of population in Florida?(Floridas population growth owes much to its attractiveness both as a place to retire and as a convenient place f
25、or business with and travel to Central and South America)3 When did the higher birth rate appear in the United States?(The birth rate appeared during the baby boom1946-1964) ？4 When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?(It was adopted on July4,1776)没背 5Please write any three of the 13 colonie
26、s the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.(Virginia, Maine, New 3Hampshire)6What are the implications of the Manifest Destiny?The implications of manifest Destiny are three fold(1)the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America;是必然的 (2)th
27、e legitimacy 合法的 of the expansion of America Territory 美国领土; (3) the spread of American democracy 美国民主 being the task 任务 of American people who were chosen to do the Lords work.没背 7 What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 邦联条款They were:(1)There was no national executiv
28、e or law-enforcing branch; 没有执行或执法部门(2)Congress 国会 was too large a body to function 功能 as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes. 国会无权征税8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were
29、 the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.。10What does the American War of Independence show?The America
30、n War of Independence shows that in a unjust war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one.11 what was the policy of the British government for the 13 colonies in North America? The policy of the British government for the 13 American colonies was to bring their development under control and to collect
31、 more taxes from the colonies.12 What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?The American foreign policy was isolationist in the early 1930s.13 Name three examples of intolerant nationalism in the US in the 1920s.The Red Scare in 1919and 1920, the death sentence of Sacc
32、o and Vanzetti, and the revival and growth of the KU Klus Klan 三例子狭隘民族主义在美国上世纪 20 年代。红色恐慌1919and1920，死刑的两个人的故事，与复兴和增长的 klus 党。.14 What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the First World War? The immediate causes were Germanys unlimited submarine 海底 warfare 战争 and Germanys atte
33、mpt to get Mexico into the war against the United States.15 What caused the Second World War? The Second World War was the result of struggle between the great powers for control of the world and military expansion of the countries of Nazi Germany, Fascist 法西斯主义 Italy 意大利 and militarist Japan. 二战是大国
34、之间的斗争的结果，控制世界和军事扩张的国家的纳粹德国没背 16 What were American wartime objectives during the Second World War?American wartime objectives were the total destruction of the Axis powers and the establishment of a world order after unconditional victory in accord with American ideals and interests.没背 17 What was t
35、he policy pursued by the American government at the beginning of World WarI ? The American government declared neutrality 中立 but the policy it pursued was a policy of pro-Ally partiality.18 What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? They were the automobile , housing, and de
36、fense industries.19 What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? It was the Shanghai Communiqu.20 What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence 和平共存
37、 between socialism and capitalism. 社会主义和资本主义。没背 21 What measures did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis? The United States adopted a naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement and withdrawal of the missile from Cuba. 22 What are Conglomerates in the USA ? Conglomerates
38、 are big companies that own several smaller businesses whose products and services are usually very different.23 What does IBM stand for? 4It stands for International Business Machine.24 Whats the most central function of the Congress in the United States?The most central funcation of US Congress is
39、 the passage of laws. 25 What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal , state and local levels?They are the Democrats and the Republicans.26 What are the three branches in the US federal government? They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial branches. 他
40、们是立法，行政和司法部门27 What is known as the winner-take-all system? The presidential candidate with the highest number of votes in each state wins all the electoral votes of that state. 总统候选人票数最高的在每个国家获得该州所有的选举人选票。28 What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide sage guards? 宪法的作家介
41、绍了什么样的机制提供圣人警卫They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. 他们介绍了机制的分权与制衡29 Who is the President of the Senate? 参议院The President of the Senate is Vice President. 副总统30 What are the principal functions of American higher education? The principal functions are teaching
42、, research and public service.31 What is the outstanding characteristic of American education ? Diversity 多样性 is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.32 What is the difference between an academic high school and a technical school? 学术高中、技校An academic high school only
43、aims to prepare students for college while a technical school provides students for a variety of occupations and vocations.没背 33 Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state has the freedom to develop as extensive 广泛 or limited a school system as it desir
44、es, and delegate 下放 its power over education to local districts to the extent 程度 it wishes. 没背 34 According to the 1994 Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, there are different kinds of institutions of higher education in America. What are the major kinds of them? 根据到 1994 年卡
45、内基高等教育机构分类，在美国的高等教育机构有不同类型。什么是他们的主要？The major kinds of the institutions of higher education in America are research universities, doctoral universities, masters comprehensive colleges and universities, liberal arts colleges, junior colleges and specialized institutions.35 What is the general view of
46、 the American on education? They regard education as both an individual benefit and a social necessity.36 Who were the writers of the first American writings? They were the first settlers in English colonies.没背 37 Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism? Because transcendentalism glorified absolu
47、te individualism with no regard for any social impact. 为什么霍桑攻击先验论？由于没有任何社会影响方面的先验论荣耀与绝对的个人主义38 What did Mark Twain want to show in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? He wanted to show the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people and describe the social life of American people. 他想表明普通百姓的基本善良和智慧，
48、描述了美国人民的社会生活39 What is Harlem Renaissance?Black Literature is an important part of American Literature. In 1920, Black Literature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as the Harlem Renaissance. 哈莱姆文艺复兴是什么？黑人文学是美国文学的重要组成部分。1920 年，黑人文学发展到一个高潮，这已经到了被称为“哈莱姆文艺复兴。40 Name two of Theodore Dr
49、eisers novels? Sister Carrie; An American Tragedy. 名德莱塞的小说？嘉莉妹妹;美国的悲剧。41 What did the writers of the first American writings write about? They wrote about their voyages to the new land, about adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops. 什么第一的美国著作的作家写？他们写道，他们航行到新的土地，适应不熟悉的气候和作物。42 Which speech given by Emerson 5in 1837 was considered the intell
