1、Unit 1- Unit 2 虚拟语气,什么是虚拟语气？,虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。,虚拟语气的应用 一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 三、 虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的应用 四、 特殊句型的虚拟语气 五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句,一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用,1、与现在事实相反（对现在的虚拟） 从句谓语： 主句谓语：If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,一般过去时,would, sho
2、uld, could, might +动词原形,If I _ a boy, I _ the army. A. were, would join B. am, shall join C. was, would join D. was, shall join,A,注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，be动词的过去式一律用were，不能用was。,2、与将来事实相反（对将来的虚拟） 从句谓语：主句谓语：If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film.If he should have time next Sunday, he would go to
3、visit the Great Wall.If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course.,1）一般过去时,would, should, could, might +动词原形,2）should + 动词原形,3） were to + 动词原形,If he _ in a day or two, I would wait for him.A. returns B. should have returnedC. were to return D. had returned 2) I dont think he will attend
4、 the party. But if he _ the party, what would he wear?A. should attend B. would attend C. attend D. had attended,C,A,3、 与过去事实相反（对过去的虚拟） 从句谓语： 主句谓语：If he had come earlier yesterday, he would have seen her.,过去完成时即had + 动词的过去分词,would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词,If you _ the doctors advice, y
5、ou would have recovered already.A. followed B. would followC. follow D. had followed 2) I didnt know Smith was coming until now. If you had let me know yesterday, I _ to the airport to meet him.A. would have gone B. would goC. will have gone D. will go,D,A,注意：if虚拟条件句的倒装和省略：当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时
6、,可省略if ，把它们放在句首。 1. If I were a teacher, I would have lots of students._ I a teacher, I would have lots of students. 2. If I had entered ruian high school, I would not sit here now._ _entered ruian high school, I would not sit here now. 3. If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would pla
7、y basketball there._ _ visit Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there.,Were,Had I,Should we,二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用,1、wish + 宾语从句I wish I were a doctor.I wish I should go abroad next year.3) I wish I had seen the football match.,与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。,与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用would, could, might
8、 + 动词原形。,与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。,注意1：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)v. order, command/ advice, suggestion, proposal/ demand, requirement, request, desire,My demand is that she_(come) to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory_(c
9、lose down).,(should) come,(should) be closed down,2、 suggest等动词 + 宾语从句（在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略。） 这类动词有：insist order, command advise, suggest, proposedemand, require, request, desire 即:一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。Practice：我们建议汤姆去休息一下。 We suggested that_. 他坚决要求我向他道歉。 He insisted that_.,Tom (should
10、) have a rest,I (should) apologize to him,坚持要某人做某事,注意2：insist, suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。,she insisted that she was right.2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.,当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点，坚持认为时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,I would rather you _(pay) me now. I would rathe
11、r you also _(go) yesterday. Dont come. I would rather you _(come) tomorrow.,3、 would rather+宾语从句 表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用一般过去式 表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。,paid,came,had gone,根据汉语意思补全下列句子（每空一词） 如果我带钱了， 我就会借给你一些。 If I had money with me, I _ _ _ _. 2. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错了。 If he_ _ _ _ , he would not have made such a
12、mistake. 3. 如果下周日大雪，我们就不去滑冰了。 If there _a heavy snow next Sunday, we _ _ _ _. 4. 如果贝蒂知道你的地址，她早就给你写信了。 _Betty _ your address, she would have written to you. 5. 如果我还年轻，我会努力学习取得学位。 _ _ _,I would study hard to get a degree.,would,lend,you,some,had,taken,my,advice,were,would,not,go,skating,Had,known,Were
13、,I,young,三、 虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的应用,He behaves as if he _(own) the house.,owned,1) She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son. 2) I remember the whole thing as if it _(happen) yesterday.,were,had happened,even if ( even though)即使 Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. Even
14、 if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,1、Its (high) time + (that) 该是做的时候了,should +v.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that you went. Its time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(should不可省略),四、 特殊句型的虚拟语气,2、 Its necessary/strange/natural/ import
15、ant/impossible/ a pity + that从句， 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形,It is important that we _(master) a foreign language.It is strange that she _(refuse) to come to the party.Its necessary that we _(study) hard. Its a pity that you _(miss) a good chance.,(should) master,(should) refuse,(should) study,(shoul
16、d) miss,3. If only 引导的感叹句（要是.该有多好啊)对现在的虚拟, 用过去式; 对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时。翻译：要是我知道答案就好了！If only I knew the answer! 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadnt missed the train!,五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句,1. 错综时间条件句:主句的谓语和条件从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致, 这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做 _ 。 If you _(ask) him yesterday, you _(know) what to do now. If the
17、staff _(be) more careful, the mall _(not be) on fire now. 例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实 相反,混合条件句,had asked,would know,had been,would not be,2.含蓄条件句：条件从句不表示出来，而是暗含在上下文或短语中，如介词without或but for（要不是）引导的短语，代替if引导的虚拟条件句。 Without water(=If there were no water), fish could not live. 对现在的虚拟，用would/should/could/might+
18、V原 But for your help(=If you had not helped me)，I would have failed. 对过去的虚拟，用would/should/could/might have done,情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - neednt have done 本不必做 - - - would ha
19、ve done 本来会去做- 你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth . 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. 我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的。 I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. If I _ (know) more about giving first aid, I _ (help) them wh
20、en the accident happened. 2. If I _ (be) a man, I _ (run) for president. 3. Do you think the thief entered through the side door? No, if he _ (have), he _ _(not break) the window of the living room.,had known,would have helped,were,would run,had had,wouldnt,have broken,4. I would rather you _ (stay) at home last night. 5. I wish that the rain _ (stop) immediately. 6. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for many years.,had been,had stayed,would stop,用虚拟语气翻译下列句子,1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。 2. 如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。 3. 万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。 4. 我希望我十年前认识他。 5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。,Homework,
