1、,William Shakespeare,-The peak of Humanism,William Shakespeare 1564-1616,“All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”,Main Contents,1.Shakespeares literary position2.Shakespeares Legend life3.Shakespeares masterpiece,1.Shakespeares literary position,In western literary histor
2、y, only very individual writers have qualified say: without him, the literature will become another way. Shakespeare is one of the most qualified.,Shakespeare is the greatest playwright and poet in the world of the history.,2.Shakespeares life (1564-1616),Birthplace,Born in WarwickshireThe 3rd of 8
3、kids Married at age 18 Worked as an actor before1590.,The home of Mary Arden, wee Willy Shakespeares mothers house,Anne Hathaways Shakespeares wife cottage,The Avon River, near Stratford-upon-Avon.,Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon,The son of groceries businessman in the town,18 marriedLeaving home
4、 for London to make living at about 22,doing as the groom, DickinsonStarting writing plays at about 30 years old5 years later, becoming “universal“ shareholder of troupe.,The New Globe Theater,The life of Shakespeare,Arrive in London in 1586 Well-known in 1581 Died on the 23rd of April,1616,The tomb
5、 of Shakespeare,A respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. His work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly st
6、udied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world,About his works,The works of William Shakespeare are a great land mark in the history of world literature. He was the first founders of realism(现实主义)，a masterhood at realistic portrayal of human charac
7、ters and relations.,Karl Marx regarded Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever know.”Shakespeare took stories from old sources such as old drama, novel, chronicles(编年史)and folk legends.（民间传说) Under Shakespeares pen, those stories assumed new meaning and si
8、gnificance.,In the expression of art, he inherited three traditions of the dramas of ancient Greece and Rome, medieval Britain and the European Renaissance and developed, innovating creatively from the content to the form. His plays try hard to reflect the true life and explore the inner mysteries,
9、thus can figure out many diverse and complex personalities, vivid characters that represent the typical figure and social life.,During the twenty-two years of his literary work he produced 37 plays, two narrative poems and 154 sonnets. His literary work may be divided into three major periods：The fi
10、rst period(1590-1600)The second period(1601-1608)The third period(1609-1612),His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry（复杂性和艺术性） by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet(1601),
11、Othello(1604),King Lear(1605), and Macbeth(1605), considered some of the finest works in the English language,3.Shakespeares writing,1) 154 sonnets, two long poem,poetry十四行诗（The Sonnets） 爱人的怨诉（A Lovers Complaint） 鲁克丽丝失贞记（The Rape of Lucrece） 维纳斯和阿多尼斯（Venus and Adonis） 热情的朝圣者（The Passionate Pilgrim 凤
12、凰和斑鸠（The Phoenix and the Turtle）,Sonnet: a lyric poem comprising 3 quatrains with a rhyming scheme ababcdcdefef And a couplet rhyming gg,Sonnet 18William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer s day? Thou art more love ly and more tempe rate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And su
13、mmers lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or natures changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;
14、 Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst: So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.,Shall I compare thee to a summers day? 能否把你与夏日相比？Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你却比炎夏更可爱温婉；Rough wind
15、s do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风摧残五月的蓓蕾，And summers lease hath all too short a date,夏日的时光何其短暂。Sometimetoo hot the eye of heaven shines, 休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimmed; 转眼又云雾迷蒙；And every fair from fairsometime declines, 休叹百花凋零，By chance, or natures changing course untrimed 摧残于无
16、常即或天命。,The furthest distance in the world Is not when I stand in front of you Yet you cant see my love But when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together The furthest distance in the world Is not being apart while being in love But when painly cannot resist the yearning Yet prete
17、nding you have never been in my heart The furthest distance in the world Is not but using ones indifferent heart To dig an uncrossable river For the one who loves you,世界上最遥远的距离 不是 我就站在你面前 你却不知道我爱你 而是 明明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起 世界上最遥远的距离 不是 明明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起 而是 明明无法抵挡这股思念 却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里 世界上最遥远的距离 不是 明明无法抵挡这股思念
18、 却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里 而是 用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人 掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠,2) Histories,Representative works: Henry IV Richard III,histories 亨利四世，第一卷（Henry IV, part 1） 亨利四世，第二卷（Henry IV, part 2） 亨利五世（Henry V） 亨利六世，第一卷（Henry VI, part 1） 亨利六世，第二卷（Henry VI, part 2） 亨利六世，第三卷（Henry VI, part 3） 亨利八世（Henry VIII） 约翰国王（King John） 理查德二世
19、（Richard II） 理查德三世（Richard III）,3) Comedy,The merchant of Venicemidsummer nights dreamhappy twelfth night,Comedies错中错(The Comedy of Errors) 皆大欢喜(Alls Well That Ends Well) 如愿(As You Like It) 仲夏夜梦(A Midsummer Nights Dream) 无事生非(Much Ado About Nothing) 一报还一报(Measure for Measure 第十二夜(Twelfth Night or Wh
20、at You Will) 威尼斯商人(The Merchant of Venice) 空爱一场(Loves Labors Lost) 冬天的故事(The Winters Tale),威尼斯商人,第十二夜,The Merchant of Venice,剧情：有一个十五世纪威尼斯的正直商人安东尼奥，跟高利贷犹太商人夏洛克对立。某日，安东尼奥因出海向夏洛克借款。后者为报复安东尼奥借钱不要利息而影响自己利益的举措，定下奇特契约：不还钱就还肉。结果安东尼奥的商队在海上出事而无法还钱。在法院的夏洛克准备好刀子，等着安东尼奥的肉。假装律师的波莎以割肉不能流血，否则血债血偿的理由，粉碎了夏洛克的阴谋。夏洛克破
21、产，安东尼奥东山再起。,The character of Shylock has raised a debate over whether the play should be condemned as anti-Semitic, and this controversy has overshadowed many other aspects of the play. The plot involves a vengeful, greedy creditor, Shylock, a Jewish money-lender Shylock who seeks a literal pound of
22、 flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeares version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the plays Christian heroine, Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shyloc
23、ks horrid legal suit. Shylock, is a Jew whose beloved daughter is lost to him when she elopes with a man who belongs to a virulently anti-Semitic society. When grief, anger and vengeance overcome common sense he ends up literally forced to his knees to renounce his faith and his fortune.,4) Tragedy,
24、HamletOthelloMacbethking Lear,Tragedies 罗密欧与朱丽叶(Romeo and Juliet) 麦克白(Macbeth) 李尔王(King Lear) 哈姆雷特(Hamlet) 奥赛罗(Othello) 考利欧雷诺斯(Coriolanus) 特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德 (Troilus and Cressida) 雅典的泰蒙(Timon of Athens) 诗,李尔王,哈姆雷特,The summit of Shakespeares art Hamlet,To be or not to be: that is the question. Meaning: Is i
25、t possible or not? Is he alive or not? Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. Meaning: The life of leaders isnt easy. Having many responsibilities, leaders often cant sleep well.,“To be, or not to be“,comes from Hamlet, act three, scene one. It is one of the most famous quotations in world literat
26、ure and the best-known of this particular play.,The play, set in Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius, who has murdered Hamlets father, the King, and then taken the throne and married Gertrude, Hamlets mother. The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned
27、 madnessfrom overwhelming grief to seething rageand explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.,仇恨， 愤怒， 荣誉， 尊严， ,Hamlet,Type:Revenge Tragedy, 復仇悲劇Romantic Tragedy 浪漫悲劇Time: c. 1200 Locale: Elsinore (艾西諾), DenmarkFirst presented: 1602,Principal Characters in Hamlet,Claudius 克
28、劳迪斯 King of Denmark Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Son to the former King and Nephew to the present King Gertrude 乔特鲁德 Queen of Denmark, and Mother of Hamlet Polonius 波洛涅斯 Lord Chamberlain（御前大臣） Laertes 雷欧提斯 Son to Polonius Ophelia 奥菲莉娅 Daughter to Polonius Ghost（King Hamlet）鬼魂 Hamlets Father Horatio 霍拉旭 Friend to Ham
29、let,Claudius is shrewd精明 and able干练, though not always ethical伦理 or moral道德, Hamlet describes the contest of intelligence and will between them as that of mighty opposites (V.ii.62).克劳狄斯形象：集合封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。,Gertrude is a negative character in play “Hamlet”.But
30、 this article believes that she is a weak but brave feminine character:she lived in a weak social surroundings but she has brave character. Due to the protection for her son,she has devoted her reputation even her personnal life.关键词：柔弱 勇敢 母亲,Laertes is often portrayed by seemingly humble actors of t
31、he screen, to give a loyal, wholesome appeal to the character.波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。,Of all the pivotal characters in Hamlet, Ophelia is the most static稳定 and one-dimensional没有深度的. She has the potential to become a tragic heroine - to overcome the adversities inf
32、licted upon her - but she instead crumbles崩溃 into insanity, becoming merely tragic. This is because Ophelia herself is not as important as her representation of the dual nature of women in the play. Ophelias distinct purpose is to show at once Hamlets warped歪曲 view of women as callous冷酷无情的 sexual pr
33、edators, and the innocence and virtue of women.,关键词：悲情人物,Hamlet is a classic example of a tragedy written by William Shakespeare.In every tragedy, the characters must display some. If every action is controlled by a heros destiny, then the heros death cant be avoided and in “Hamlet“ the sad part is
34、that it could.Hamlets death could have been avoided many times. He had many opportunities to kill Claudius, but he did not take advantage of them. He is called a vacillating(优柔寡断) man. However, in my opinion, vacillation can never be removed from Hamlet.That is the logical result. It is the sense of
35、 worth that makes Hamlet vacillating.,Shakespeare took a certain story of Prince Amleth from old sources which can be traced to the 12th century. He, however, was not the first to dramatize Hamlets history. In the eighties, a play that bore the same name gained popularity among the English public. T
36、homas Kyd is supposed to have been the author of this play.The whole tragedy is permeated with the spirit of Shakespeares own time. Hamlet is the profoundest expression of his humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.,Which play shows this picture?,Yes , its King Lear,The play is based on the
37、 legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological(神话的) pre-Roman Celtic king. It has been widely adapted for stage and screen, with the part of Lear played by many of the worlds most accomplished actors.,King Lear mourns Cordelias death,The tragic ending:,5）Tragicomedy (straight part),Romeo and Juliet,Trag
38、icomedy: Pure forms of tragedy and comedy have rarely appeared in modern drama. Most British and American plays offer some mixture of the two forms. When the patterns and emotions are mixed , the play is called a tragicomedy.,罗密欧与朱丽叶,The tragic lovers:,Romeo and Juliet,Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy
39、written early in the career of playwright William Shakespeare about two young “star-crossd lovers“1 whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. It was among Shakespeares most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet and Macbeth, is one of his most frequently performed plays
40、. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.,The tragic ending:,Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based on an Italian tale, translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke
41、 in 1562, and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1582. Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both, but developed supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris, in order to expand the plot.,Tips:,1. To be or not to be，thats a question.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题 2.Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. 宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。 3. Cowards before death, in good times already dead,The valiant only once in every thing, died in peoplesafraid to die is a most strange things. 懦夫在未死以前，就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次， 在一切怪事中，人们的贪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。,
