1、Unit,4,Making a Living, Making a Difference,Book 3,C | Critical Thinking. Work with a partner. Think of a possible speaker and situation for each speaking purpose.,Listening 1,1. To give informationA lecture by a university professor 2. To persuade you to do something_3. To entertain you_4. To chang
2、e your opinion_,Listening 1,Example Answers2. A TV commercial for a product or children trying to convince their parents to do something 3. An actor performing in a movie or someone telling a funny story at a party 4. A politician explaining why they are a better candidate than their opponent or a f
3、riend explaining why certain information you found online is actually false,Listening 1,Listening: A guest speaker Ex. A 1. She is Marsha Nolan, a guest speaker and the director of Worldwide Co-op. 2. The audience is a diverse group of people who want to protect different animal species. 3. The Irul
4、a people could no longer sell the skins of snakes, so their poverty became more extreme.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Answer Keys (continued)4. The Irulas became entrepreneurs. They caught snakes for their venom, which is used to produce antiveninthe only known cure for poisonous snakebites. They fo
5、rmed the Irula Snake Catchers Industrial Cooperative Society. This business is run cooperatively. 5. The speakers purpose is to give information since the ideas behind the Irulas co-op, in other words using wild animals in a sustainable way, can be used in many places.,C | Listening for Details. Rea
6、d the statements and answer choices. Then listen again and choose the correct word or phrase to complete each statement.,To be continued ,1. According to the speaker, Worldwide Co-op offers _ to cooperative enterprises.a. loans b. support c. health insurance 2. Each year, _ people in India die from
7、snakebites.a. 20,000 b. 30,000 c. 40,000,Listening 1,b,b,C | Listening for Details.,3. The speaker encourages the audience members to assess their own situations in order to understand the reasons why _.a. wildlife are being killedb. people are earning more than beforec. snakes are being milked for
8、their venom 4. According to the speaker, Worldwide Co-op has information resources, including _.a. books b. journal articles c. a Web site,Listening 1,a,c,A | Most people run away when they see a poisonous snakebut not the Irulas of India. For generations, the Irulas made their living catching wild
9、snakes. The snakes skins were sold and made into luxury goods such as handbags and boots. Then in 1972, the Indian Parliament adopted the Wildlife Protection Act, and the basis of the Irulas economy was suddenly illegal. Some Irulas got jobs as farm laborers, but many found themselves out of work.,T
10、o be continued ,Listening 1,The solution came in 1978 with the creation of the Irula Snake Catchers Industrial Cooperative Society, whose members use their snake hunting skills to catch snakes. However, the snakes are no longer sold for their skins. The cooperative has found a better use for the dan
11、gerous snakes.,Listening 1,A | & C | Good afternoon and thank you for inviting me to speak. My name is Marsha Nolan, and Im the director of Worldwide Co-op. I hope, I hope that some of you have heard of our organization. Worldwide Co-op exists to support cooperative enterprises of all kinds, and tod
12、ay, today, Id like to give you some information about a co-op in India. Its an unusual co-op since it was formed in response to wildlife protection measures. Since all of you here are members of wildlife organizations, I know youll be interested in this.,To be continued ,Listening 1,All right. The s
13、tory. The story begins in 1972. That was the year that India took a major step in wildlife protection. So far, so good, right? Well, the Wildlife Protection Act wasnt so good for a small tribe called the Irulas, who made their living catching snakes, such as the Indian cobra, which were sold for the
14、ir skins. Even before 1972, the Irulas lived in relative poverty, despite being some of the only people in India with the necessary skills to catch poisonous snakes. After 1972, things went from bad to worse. What happened next, however, could serve as a model for many places. The Irulas became entr
15、epreneurs. With more than 30,000 deaths from snakebites in India each year, there is a huge demand for venom. Its used to produce antiveninthe only known cure for poisonous snakebites.,To be continued ,Listening 1,The Irulas knew how to handle cobras, so they decided to cooperate and work together.
16、They formed the Irula Snake Catchers Industrial Cooperative Society, and they were back in the snake business. These days, the Irulas catch snakes just as theyve done for generations, but now, they carefully milk the snakes venom before returning them to the wild. The snakes they catch are not kille
17、d, and the Irulas earn more money from the venom than they used to get for the snakes skins. Even betterthe co-op members are all owners, so theres no longer a “middleman” getting rich from the Irulas hard work. All of the wealth generated by the sale of venom stays in the Irula community.,To be con
18、tinued ,Listening 1,The reason Im telling you all of this is simple: The ideas behind the Irulas co-op can be used in many places. After all, the Irulas have found an effective and sustainable way to use wild animals for their own benefit. Instead of being killed, the snakes are staying alive, and t
19、heyre benefiting people in more than one way. Now, I know that Im speaking to a diverse group of people. The different species that you want to protect cant all be milked for their venom. But what all of you can do is to assess your situation. If endangered animals in your country are being killed a
20、nd sold, its important to understand the reasonsthe economic benefits that come from killing the animals. You might find another way, some other way for people to earn even more money than before by not killing the animals.,Listening 1,If you need help with any of this, Worldwide Co-op has many info
21、rmation resources. So, please feel free to visit the Web site, send an email, or give me a call.,Listening 1,B | Identifying the Speakers Purpose. You are going to hear a class question and answer session in this section. Read the questions. Then listen to the first part of the session and answer th
22、e questions.,Listening 2,1. Who is the speaker?_2. What is the speakers purpose?_,The speaker is Donald Yates, who has quite a bit of experience with charity organizations.,The speakers purpose is to answer the audiences questions about charitable organizations; in other words, to give information t
23、o the audience.,A Class Question and Answer SessionA | Listening for Details. Listen to the class question and answer session and complete the questions that the students ask.,Listening,Listening 2,Question 1: Do you know whether _ _? Answer: _ _ _,To be continued ,people,really use the money for im
24、portant things,People living in poverty make,very good decisions about how to spend their money. They almost never buy things they dont need.,A | Listening for Details.,Listening 2,Question 2: Can you please explain why _ _? Answer:_ _ _,To be continued ,you dont,ask people to work for the money,Mos
25、t people who are living,in poverty are already working very hard.,A | Listening for Details.,Listening 2,Question 3: Id like to know who why _ _? Answer:_ _ _,To be continued ,makes,decisions about the money,In cash transfer programs, money is,given to as large a group as possible-often,to governmen
26、t, in fact. Or the same payment,might be made to every adult in a certain village.,The idea is that financial decisions are made locally.,A | Listening for Details.,Listening 2,Question 4: I was wondering how_ _? Answer:_ _ _,To be continued ,get things like new schools and roads,communities,Many pe
27、ople in the world understand the,concept of giving a little money to charity if you can and,letting the charity figure out what to do with it. And that,might be the best way to get the really big projects done.,A | & B | Female Professor: OK, lets get started. Today is our question and answer sessio
28、n with our guest speaker, Donald Yates, who has quite a bit of experience with charity organizations. This is your chance to have some of your questions answered, so lets not waste any time. Mr. Yates? Guest Speaker: Hi, everyone. I, Id like to start by thanking you for inviting me here. Im always h
29、appy to get out of the office. Your professors right. Ive worked for several charitable organizations over the years. Now Im more interested in the cash transfer programs, so thats what Im, Im doing my research on now. Whod like to ask the first question?,To be continued ,Listening 2,Female Student
30、1: Yes, with cash transfer programs, do you, do you know whether people really use the money for important things? I mean, it seems like people might not spend the money responsibly. Guest Speaker: A . a lot of people ask me that, but according to my research, people living in poverty make very good
31、 decisions about how to spend their money. They almost never buy things they dont need. Instead, mothers buy things for their childrenschool uniforms or notebookse, even medicine. Or a farmer might buy a new tool to help with the harvest. With cash transfer programs, poor people themselves decide wh
32、at they need the most, so the outcomes of these programs have been very good. Yes?,To be continued ,Listening 2,Male Student 1: Yes, sir. Can you please explain why you dont ask people to work for the money? I guess, Id be afraid that if people, people got their payments for nothing, they wouldnt us
33、e the money well. Guest Speaker: Well, the fact is, most people who are living in poverty are already working very hard. Were talking about mothers with children, families with crops to take care of, working people with two or three jobs. For them, a little extra cash is very much appreciated! Theyr
34、e not going to waste it on something they dont need. Next question?,Listening 2,To be continued ,Female Student 2: Id like to know who makes decisions about the money. I mean, you cant give money to everyone someone has to decide who should get it. Guest Speaker: Well, in cash transfer programs, mon
35、ey is given to as large a group as possibleoften to governments, in fact. Or the same payment might be made to every adult in a certain village. The idea is that financial decisions are made locally. Charity organizations that come in from outside might not be the best people to make those decisions
36、. Time for one last question.,Listening 2,To be continued ,Male Student 2: I, I was wondering how communities get things like new schools and roads. I mean, people need those too, but you cant buy them with small amounts of cash. Guest Speaker: Ah. Thats really the fundamental questionwhat works bes
37、t when it comes to fighting poverty? Many people in the world understand the concept of giving a little money to charity if you can and letting the charity figure out what to do with it. And that might be the best way to get the really big projects done. On the other hand, Ive heard of villages pool
38、ing their money to build new irrigation systems, so were really just starting to learn what works best.,Listening 2,The Business of Cranberries,Harvesting ripe red cranberries,A | Using a Dictionary. You will hear these words and phrases in the video. Write each word or phrase in the box next to its
39、 definition. Use your dictionary to help you.,Before Viewing,Before Viewing,marsh legacy vine corral hard frost bumper crop,1. _ (n.) something that is a result of a period of time or history 2. _ (n.) a sudden drop in temperature that often kills plants 3. _ (n.) a wet, muddy area of land 4. _ (n.)
40、 a plant that grows over things and often produces fruit 5. _ (v.) to trap, or gather things in a group 6. _ (n.) an unusually large harvest,legacy,hard frost,marsh,vine,corral,bumper crop,CRANBERRY QUIZ: Circle the correct answer to each question.,To be continued ,1. Cranberries are a native fruit
41、to which continent? a. North America. b. South America. c. Europe. d. Africa. 2. The Algonquin Indians used cranberries for all of the following purposes except _. food b. a symbol of peace c. money d. medicine 3. What is the average number of cranberries needed to make one can of cranberry sauce? a
42、. 200. b. 500. c. 1,000. d. 2,000.,Before Viewing,a,c,a,CRANBERRY QUIZ: Circle the correct answer to each question.,4. Americans traditionally eat cranberry sauce with which kind of meat? a. Beef. b. Turkey. c. Chicken. d. Lamb. 5. John Lennon repeated the words “cranberry sauce” at the end of which
43、 Beatles song? a. Taxman. b. I Am the Walrus. c. Strawberry Fields Forever. d. Penny Lane.Source: www.cranberryfarmers.org,Before Viewing,b,c,While Viewing,While Viewing,A | Read the statements. Then watch the video and check () T for true or F for false.,B | Watch the video again and number the ste
44、ps of the cranberry- harvesting process in the correct order.,While Viewing,_ The cranberries are corralled. _ Berries are knocked from their vines by machines called beaters. _ Cranberries ripen to a glowing red. _ The cranberry beds are flooded. _ The berries float to the surface.,5,3,1,2,4,The Bu
45、siness of Cranberries Narrator: As dawn breaks over the countryside, Mary Brazeau Brown is already starting her day. Narrator: Early morning is her time to focus and get ready for the busy day ahead. The calm of sunrise wont last long, not with a family to take care of inside. Mary Brazeau Brown: Co
46、ffee cake time Narrator: And a passion waiting right outside the door.,To be continued ,Mary Brazeau Brown: When people would ask me what I wanted to be when I grew up, I knew all along there were two things that I wanted to do. Be a mom and work outside. Youre going to work, and Im going to work. N
47、arrator: Life has worked out just as she planned. Marys office is this 6,100-acre cranberry marsh, one of the largest and oldest in Wisconsin. Mary Brazeau Brown: I cant resist. This particular system was established back in 1873. Some of the vines out here are over 70 years old. They were here before me, and theyll be here after me.,
