1、Logical Coherence in Gap Filling,阅读 “七选五”之逻辑衔接,Presented by Jessie.Fun from Mingde High School,Reading comprehension,Leonardo Dicaprio,What is the clip mainly about?,1. But who speak for all of humanity, for the indigenouspeople of the world, for the billions and billions ofunderprivileged people wh
2、o will be most affected by this. 2. We need to support leaders around the world who do notspeak for the big polluters or the big corporations. 3. Finally, let us not take this planet for granted; I do not take tonight for granted. 4. For our childrens children and for those people out therewhose voi
3、ces have been drowned out by the politics ofgreed, thank you all for this amazing award tonight.,2- 1- 4 - 3,Step1 Appreciate a clip,Put the sentences in order.,an amazing speech,logical coherence,Lets not take the planet for granted; I do not take tonight for granted.,Basic information,transitional
4、 sentences（过渡性句子） explanatory sentences（注释性句子）,logical coherence,transitional sentences,explanatory sentences,Step2 Discuss the stratergies,过渡性句子 & 注释性句子,并列递进关系,转折对比关系,因果关系,概括总结关系,时间顺序关系,解释例证关系,Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physica
5、l activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 1 .,A. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life-changing events. B. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. C. In other words
6、, when you take care of your body, you takecare of your brain.,Method,解释说明 :in fact; in other words,Example1,In fact,In other words,Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 1 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the req
7、uest is for many different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”A. Tell your child why he can- or cannot- have certain things.B. Permit the child to choose between them.C. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.,Statement,Explanation
8、,Examples,Explanation and examples should be closely related to the statement.,Method,Example2,statement,explanation,example,structure of a paragraph,解释例证关系常用词,解释例证关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释（是什么？怎么做？）、引申（有本意引出新意）、例证（举例说明）、使意思更加明了，具体。考查形式：归纳 (从例子到观点) 和推理 (从观点到例子)两种 。,in fact， in other words ， or rather（更确切的说
9、) for example , for instance , as a matter of fact , actually , that is (to say) 等,Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. 1 . Ideas about social class whether a person is “working - class” or “middle - class” are one area in which changes
10、have been extremely slow.,A. In some ways, however, very little has changed,particularly where attitudes are concerned. B. Such changes could be apparent in the whole society.,Example1,Method,句际间的逻辑关系，逻辑性插入语来连接,转折关系词：,but, however, yet , nevertheless, still, whereas, on the contrary, by contrast, in
11、 comparison, instead , otherwise, etc.,Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp Everyone is forgetful. As we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit and that can be a very annoying thing. 1 . Read on for some techniques worth trying. A. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can d
12、o to avoid those moments. B. Some of us may even feel anxious and easily get angry.,带感情色彩的副词：,Example2,unfortunately, luckily, surprisingly.,转折对比关系,转折对比常用关系词： but, however, yet , nevertheless, still, , whereas, by contrast ，on the contrary, in comparison， instead , otherwise, etc.,带感情色彩的副词: unfortun
13、ately, luckily, surprisingly, basically,Group work,Present the varied logical coherence and related linking words.,At first I was paid in candy. 1 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. Late
14、r I received 50 cents an hour. B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself. C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.,时间顺序关系：指各句子只能按事物发展的过程有先而后的顺序排列， 不可随意改变次序，通常出现于记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中。,常用连接词：first, next , then ,later, aft
15、er that, afterwards, eventually, etc.,Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 1 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. A. The music gives them extra energy. B. Music is playing in the background. C. Factory workers pro
16、duce 13 percent more. D. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.,并列关系：指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属， 而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题，可以改变次序。,常用联系词：and, also, further, moreover, whats more, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also.,It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new f
17、riend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 1 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. A. Making new friends comes easy for some people. B. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch C. So you will need
18、to give your friend time to react to you.,因果关系连接词： so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently.,A serious problem for todays society is I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.First, employers should take responsibility for their retired employees. Another way of
19、 solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. 1 , it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generation
20、s.,A.To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. B. Its unfair to let the social organization shoulder all the responsibility. C. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose.,概括总结： to sum up, in short, in summary, in general, to conclude ,
21、in conclusion, in brief, on the whole,Step3 Apply the approaches,Choose three to five sentences for possible gap filling according to the logical coherence in each paragraph .,1. Exchange your ideas with peers.2. Present the best design, why?,（2015北京卷） This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people
22、think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.They annoy us because they seem
23、to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. Without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas an
24、d inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.Having interesting things
25、to think about also helps. And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how t
26、o avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. Finally, you never know what wonderful idea migh
27、t strike while your mind has moved slowly away.Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone. Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.,This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about
28、something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But day
29、dreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? F
30、irst, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably
31、something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74 . Finally, you neve
32、r know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 . Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.,（2015北京卷）,过渡性句子 & 注释性句子,并列递进关系,转折对比关系,因果关系,概括总结关系,时间顺序关系,解释例证关系,Summary,真题演练 Finish task2 by yourself in 5minutes.,keys_,D A C F G,Challenge yourself,Dont take dreams for granted! Dont take success for granted!,
