1、河南省南阳一中 2015 年高三第四次考试英语试题第卷第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(You may read the questions first.)Eye for an EyeWilliam Ian MillerAnalyzing the law of the talionan eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth-William Ian Miller presents an original thinking
2、 over the concept of “pay back”.“William Ian Miller has written a marvelous book that I found absolutely attractive.-Wendy Doniger, University of Chicago$28.00: Hardback: 0-521-85680-9:304ppHow New Language EmergeDavid LightfootIn this pioneering study, David lightfoot explains how languages come in
3、to being, arguing that children are the driving force. Engaging and original, this book offers a pathbreaking new account of language acquisition, variation and change.$75.00: Hardback: 0-521-85913-1:208pp$29.99: Paperback: 0-521-67629-0:304ppA History of Modern IndonesiaAdrian VickersAlthough Indon
4、esia has the fourth largest population in the world, its history is still relatively unfamiliar and understudied. Guided by the life and writings of the countrys most famous author, Pramoedya, Ananta Toer, Adrian Vickers takes the reader on a journey across the social and political landscape of twen
5、tieth-century Indonesia in this timely account.$70.00: Hardback: 0-521-83493-7:292pp$24.99: Paperback: 0-521-54262-6Available at better bookstores and at www. Cambridge.org/us1. The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of .A. medicine B. tradeC. avenging D. stri
6、ving2. The book entitled A History of Modern Indonesia has focused on .A. landscapes and tourist attractions in IndonesiaB. its fourth largest population in the worldC. its relatively unfamiliar and understudied economyD. its social and political aspects in modern times3. What do these three books h
7、ave in common?A. Their authors are introduced in detailB. They all have a hardback and a paperbackC. Each of them is commented by a professorD. They are published by the same publishing house【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D【解析】文章介绍了三本书。1. C词义猜测题。根据 Eye for an Eye 中 Analyzing the law of the talionan eye for an eye
8、, a tooth for a tooth-William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back”.分析以牙还牙以眼还眼的报复法William Ian Miller 对“回报”概念提出了初步的思考。可知 talion 是一个“复仇”的概念。故选 C。2. D细节理解题。根据 A History of Modern Indonesia 中 Guided by the life and writings of the countrys most famous author, Pramoedya,
9、 Ananta Toer, Adrian Vickers takes the reader on a journey across the social and political landscape of twentieth-century Indonesia in this timely account.可知这本书名为现代印度尼西亚史的书集中论述了它近代的社会和政治方面。故选 D。3. D推理判断题。纵观全文，不难发现这三本书出自同一家出版社 Hardback: 0-521。故选 D。BCamp memories last forever! We make sure they are un
10、forgettable!Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses are the program! We are 100% horse from stable(马厩 ) management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furn
11、ishings.Horses help us achieve many of our aims. Girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun. Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning.Imagine each girl having
12、her very own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. Campers will learn how to take care of the horse and the tack(马具), as well as how to ride. Days are fill
13、ed with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse, as the girls learn to work safely around the horses.At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. We have “The Bunkhouse” (4 girls), “The Wranglers Roost” (4 girls), and
14、“The Hideout” (2 girls) in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house. All meals are home cooked, offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry rider.Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your childs vacation, Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album(usually 300-
15、500 pictures) of their stay at camp.Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2007, for small groups of girls aged 13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.We will send you full program descriptions at your request.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To
16、attract people to the campsB. To talk about camping experiencesC. To describe the programs of the campsD. To explain the aims of the camps5. What do we know about the camp programs at Shadow Ridge?A. Campers are required to wear camp T-shirtsB. Horses play a central role in the activitiesC. Campers
17、learn to cook food for themselvesD. Horse lessons are offered all the year round6. The programs at Shadow Ridge mainly aim to help people .A. understand horses betterB. enjoy a family atmosphereC. have fun above other thingsD. achieve an educational purpose7. Which one of the following is NOT mentio
18、ned in the passage?A. The time of the campingB. The cost of the campingC. The advantages of the campingD. The effect of the camping【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了 Shadow Ridge Summer Camps 野营与众不同的地方，他们主要提供以马为主的活动项目。通过使用马来教育孩子们。4. A 写作目的题。根据文章的第一段中的 Do you long for lasting camp memorie
19、s? Sure we can guarantee it.可知，你想拥有长久的野营记忆吗？我们这里能保证做到这点。这说明作者想通过介绍旅游项目来吸引人们。故选 A。5. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program ! We are 100% horse from stable（马厩）management, nature walks, and track rides t
20、o bedroom furnishings.可知，不像其他野营项目，马只作为野营项目的一小部分。在 Shadow Ridge 野营就时马的项目。以马的项目为主。故选 B。6. D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning:可知，野营的主要项目是有关马的项目，而用马是教育的工具。所以选 D。7. B 推理判断题 文章没有提到露营的费用，故选 B。考点：考察广告类短文阅读CI entered
21、high school having read hundreds of books. But I was not a good reader. Merely bookish, I lacked a point of view when I read. Rather, I read in order to get a point of view. I searched books for good expressions and sayings, pieces of information, ideas, themes-anything to enrich my thought and make
22、 me feel educated. When one of my teachers suggested to his sleepy tenth-grade English class that a person could not have a “complicated idea“ until he had read at least two thousand books, I heard the words without recognizing either its irony (嘲讽)or its very complicated truth. I merely determined
23、to make a list of all the books I had ever read. Strict with myself, I included only once a title I might have read several times. (How, after all, could one read a book more than once?) And I included only those books over a hundred pages in length. (Could anything shorter be a book?)There was yet
24、another high school list I made. One day I came across a newspaper article about an English professor at a nearby state college. The article had a list of the “hundred most important books of Western Civilization.“ “More than anything else in my life, “the professor told the reporter with finality,“
25、 these books have made me all that I am.“ That was the kind of words I couldnt ignore. I kept the list for the several months it took me to read all of the titles. Most books, of course, I hardly understood. While reading Platos The Republic, for example, I needed to keep looking at the introduction
26、 of the book to remind myself what the text was about. However, with the special patience and superstition (迷信)of a schoolboy, I looked at every word of the text. And by me time I reached the last word, pleased, I persuaded myself that I had read The Republic, and seriously crossed Plato off my list
27、.8. On heating the teachers suggestion of reading, the writer thought .A. one must read as many books as possibleB. a student should not have a complicated ideaC. it was impossible for one to read two thousand booksD. students ought to make a list of the books they had read9. The underlined phrase “
28、with finality“ probably means .A. firmly B. clearlyC. proudly D. pleasantly10. The writers purpose in mentioning The Republic is to .A. explain why it was included in the listB. describe why he seriously crossed it off the listC. show that he read the books blindly though they were hard to understan
29、dD. prove that he understood most of it because he had looked at every word11. The writer provides two book lists to .A. show how he developed his point of viewB. tell his reading experience at high schoolC. introduce the two persons reading methodsD. explain that he read many books at high school【答
30、案】8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B【解析】试题分析：本文作者通过自己的具体事例向我们讲述了学生时代的读书经历，从此反映出自己的成长过程。8. A 细节推理题。根据 When one of my teachers suggested that a person could not have a “complicated idea“ until he had read at least two thousand books, I merely determined to make a list of all the books I had ever read.可知作者听完老师的话后觉得
31、要尽可能多的读书，故选 A.9. A 词意猜测题。finality 是名词“终结，定局”，句意：教授用终结的话告诉记者。Afirmly 坚定地；Bclearly 清晰地，明显地；C proudly 骄傲地；Dpleasantly 愉快地。A 项符合句意，故选 A.10. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知有的书很难理解，但作者硬着头皮看完了，证明自己看过了。通过这个例子表明作者在盲目读书，故选 C.11. B 推理判断题。本文作者是通过具体实例来讲述中学时代自己的读书经历，让我们了解他的成长过程。根据文意选 B.考点：考查教育类短文阅读。DIn a world with limited la
32、nd, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be a
33、ble to develop in sustainable ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study,
34、the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is
35、 spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕榈油 ), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable pro
36、ducts have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up t
37、he development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of
38、 growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.12. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that .A. It makes the world warmerB. it consumes natural resourc
39、esC. it brings severe damage to forestsD. it makes growth hard to continue13. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. China lacks wind and solar energyB. China is the leader of the low-carbon marketC. High-speed trains are a low-carbon developmentD. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests14.
40、To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can .A. cut public expensesB. forbid carbon emissionC. develop public resourcesD. encourage energy conservation15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a new business modelB. To compare two business modelsC. To predict a change of
41、 the global marketD. To advocate sustainable development【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D【解析】文章主要是提倡大家过低碳环保生活，实现可持续发展13. C 推理题。根据第二段 is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains.中国正在迅速发展电动汽车和高速铁路，而中国想再低碳环保方面起领先地位，说明发展高铁也是一种低碳环保方面的进一步发展。.故选 C。14. D 细节题。根据文章第三段 Besides, stro
42、nger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.可知要进一步发展 public resources。故 D 正确。15. D 主旨大意题。文章主要是提倡大家过低碳环保生活，实现可持续发展。故选 D。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimes willpower is a lot like the television remote control-h
43、ard to find just when you want it most. Whether youre trying to lose weight, stop smoking, get to the gym regularly, developing your sense of willpower is an important part of changing any behavior._16_But there are ways to increase your willpower.Dont try to change your economic situation, win a pr
44、omotion and lose weight all on the same morning. Establish one clear, specific goal and make a realistic plan for achieving it. Extra willpower sometimes requires extra energy, so dont stretch yourself too thin._17_Whatever your goal is, dont expect to achieve it overnight._18_If you are trying to k
45、ick a caffeine habit, start by replacing your morning cup of coffee with a glass of water, instead of vowing never to drink coffee again. Congratulate yourself on the small achievements that will pave the way toward a larger one. These successes help your willpower grow._19_Ask friends, family or co
46、lleagues for assistance and tell them exactly how they can help. If your credit card bills have increased sharply, for instance, let friends know that you are cutting back on expenses. Suggest having a common dinner instead of meeting at an expensive restaurant. Find a support group or organization
47、related to your goal and attend their meetings. You can get valuable advice, understanding and information.If possible, change your environment to encourage positive behavior. Want to get in shape? Keep an extra set of workout clothes in your office as a reminder to stop by the gym on the way home.
48、Quitting smoking?_20_A. Change your environment to change your lifeB. Real success takes timeC. Avoid bars or restaurants where you might be attracted to light upD. Changing your behavior requires more than willpowerE. Improve your willpower by a support networkF. Breaking a bad habit or forming a n
49、ew and healthy one can be difficultG. Focus on one goal at a time【答案】16. F 17. G 18. B 19. E 20. C【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是提高我们的意志力的重要性和多种不同的方法。16. F 根据下句 But there are ways to increase your willpower.有很多提高意志力的方法，句首的 but 说明前句与这句有转折关系，故 F 项：去除坏习惯和养成新习惯都很困难符合上下文。17. G 根据前句 Extra willpower sometimes requires extra energy, so dont stretch yourself too thin.可知锻炼前面的意志力需要额外的精力。所以不要一下子设很多的目标，那样不现实，一次一个即可。故 G 正确。18. B 根据前句 Whatever your goal is, dont expect to achie
