1、英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题第一部分 选择题一、单项选择题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。1.The famous quotation from Shakespeares play “Romeo and Juliet” A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.( )A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of la
2、nguage C.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _
3、formula “SNP VP“.( )A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical4.It is the _ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( )A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to a
4、nalyze _ meaning.A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _.( )A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives7.The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring
5、 to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English sy
6、stem of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _,and kin term.A.title+first name B.title+titleC.title alone D.first name+last name+title9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are ide
7、ntical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,“ and speech as “_“.( )A.vocal thought B.subvocal thoughtC.covert thought D.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_.( )A.Language acquisition is a proce
8、ss of habit formationB.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use第二部分 非选择题二、填空题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分。)11.In the course of tim
9、e, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s_ studies, such as sociology and psychology.12.Clear 1 and dark are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_ distribution.13.A r_ i
10、s often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.14.A c_ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other.15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic o
11、f c_ antonyms.16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u_ is concrete and context-dependent.17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/preceding the/s
12、/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m_.18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b_ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different langu
13、ages.19.The brains neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I _, which is specific to human beings.20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t_.三、判断说明题(本大题共 10
14、 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分。) 判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写 “F”，并说明理由。( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.
15、( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words.( )24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category.( )25.Linguistic forms having the same s
16、ense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sent
17、ence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.( )27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.( )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote s
18、exist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.( )29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.( )30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of
19、 the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.四、名词解释题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分。)31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)32.phonic medium of language33.voicing34.inflectional morphemes35.reference36.locutionary act37.proto
20、language38.ethnic dialect39.registers40.acculturation五、论述题(本大题共 2 小题，每小题 10 分，共 20 分。)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the p
21、rocess of language perception, comprehension and production.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分)1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A二、填空题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分)11.social plementary13.root plementary 16.utterance17.metathesis 18.bilingualism19.lateralization 20.transfer三、判断改错题(本大题共 10 小
22、题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分)21.FThe contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention.22.T23.FSome compounds contain more than two words.24.T25.FIt is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star“ and “ evening
23、 star.“ They refer to the same star but differ in sense.26.T27.FThe division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary.28.T29.T30.FChildren first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no matter what language they are expo
24、sed to ,and in later stages acquire the “ more difficult“ sounds.四、名词解释题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分)31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitt
25、ed, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt.32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e.the speech sounds.33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.34.Inflectional morphemes a
26、re morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English.35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, “The dog is barking,“ we mu
27、st be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog“ refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog“.36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of conveying
28、literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. For example, by saying “You have left the door wide open“,the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean.37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language fam
29、ily that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages.38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privil
30、eged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation.39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their
31、 customary users. For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects.40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.五、论述题(本大题共 2 小题，每小题 10 分，共 20 分)41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tr
32、ee has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example, the phrase “ the old men and
33、 women“ may have two interpretations, i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men“, or the following two nouns “men and women“.Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So,we say tree dia
34、grams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.NP NPNP NP NP NPThe old men and the women the old men and the old women42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis,language use in terms of perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which invo
35、lves the coordination of various language centers.When we speak,words are drawn from Wernickes area and transferred to Brocas area, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words.When we hear something and try to comprehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernickes area,where it is then interpreted.When we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus,where it is converted into a visual pattern.
