1、, To infinitive Bare infinitive Verb-ing form as a noun,I. To-infinitive,Review the basic sentences elements. 1. I was watching an English programme at 8 oclock yesterday. I-subject; was watching-predicate; an English programmer-object; at 8 oclock yesterday-adverbial,Observe the sentences you have
2、learned. Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! 2. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. 3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse.,Have A L k,4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ou
3、rselves to study and achieve high grades. 5. Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking. 6. They can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near.,7. He and my mother always make me do things I dont like. 8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me look slimmer. 9. Eating m
4、ore fruit makes me feel better. 10. Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy.,Observe the sentences from this unit. 1. To find a best friend is difficult. 2. I need to sleep for eight hours every night. 3. I asked him to come over. 4. I have a very importan
5、t meeting to attend. 5. His aim was to cheer me up. 6. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.,7. I let her borrow my book. 8. She made me promise to write every day. 9. I saw her talk to her new friends. 10. The teacher often has students read aloud in class.,Guessing Game,Gues
6、s,Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.,1. Its hard _ (imagine) how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! 2. I hope _ (lose) at least 10 kilograms. 3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him _ (do) what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse.,to imagine,to lose,to do,4. He also to
7、ld us that the best way _ (earn) respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 5. Our main aim is _ (discourage) young people from smoking. 6. They can use the guns _ (scare) the animals away if they come too near.,to earn,to discourage,to scare,7. He and my mother always make me
8、 _ (do) things I dont like. 8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me _ (look) slimmer. 9. Eating more fruit makes me _ (feel) better. 10. Exercise is something that can help to make you _ (look) good, _ (feel) good and _ (be) healthy.,do,look,feel,look,feel,be,Sentences from this unit. 1. _ (find) a
9、 best friend is difficult. 2. I need _ (sleep) for eight hours every night. 3. I asked him _ (come) over. 4. I have a very important meeting _ (attend). 5. His aim was _ (cheer) me up. 6. You need to apologize quickly _ (avoid) losing a good friend.,To find,to sleep,to come,to attend,to cheer,to avo
10、id,7. I let her _ (borrow) my book. 8. She made me _ (promise) to write every day. 9. I saw her _ (talk) to her new friends. 10. The teacher often has students _ (read) aloud in class.,borrow,promise,talk,read,I went to see him, _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found,Charles Babbage
11、is generally considered _ the first computer.to invent B. to have invented C. inventing D. having invented,Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be wa
12、shing,1. to infinitive used as the subject不定式(短语)作主语eg. To obey law is everyones duty.遵纪守法是每个人的职责。To see is to believe.眼见为实。To talk with your mouth full is rude.满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。,Notes,It is impossible to finish the work in such a short time.在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。It is useful for you to learn some spoken
13、English.学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。,2. to infinitive used as the object不定式(短语)作宾语 eg. He managed to solve the problem by himself.他自己设法解决了问题。I like to read newspaper articles about sports.我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。Amy wants to know more about thefilm.安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情况。,want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, agree, learn, m
14、ean, teach,refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer,prepare, pretend, continue, ask, promise, expect, choose, prefer,The following words are usually followed by to infinitive as the object:,3. to infinitive used as the object complement不定式(短语)作宾语补足语 eg. Id like you to keep
15、 everything tidy.我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。The teacher asked us to finish the worktoday.老师要我们今天完成工作。Tell Jack to close the window, please.请让杰克关上窗户。,动词make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去“to“。 eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。The boss made the wor
16、kers work 14 hours a day.老板让工人们每天工作14小时。,4. “to infinitive” used as the attributive不定式(短语)作定语 eg. I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。I have no one to talk to.我没有一个可以交谈的人。He is looking for a house to live in.他正在找房子住。,5. to infinitive used as the predicative不定式(短语)作表语 eg. My wish is to be a doctor.我的
17、愿望是成为一名医生。Our plan is to finish the work in twoweeks.我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。What I need most now is to have a good rest.我现在最需要的是好好休息。,6. to infinitive used as the adverbial of a sentence to show reason, purpose or result不定式(短语)作句子状语 eg. He came here to attend an importantmeeting. (purpose)他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的
18、）Sam was very surprised to hear the news.(reason)萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. (result)他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）,When we use “to infinitive” as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising. eg. He hurried to the rail station, only to
19、find the train had left.,7. the continuous and perfect forms of to infinitive不定式的进行式和完成式 eg. She seemed to have heard of it already.她似乎已经听说过这件事了。When the teacher came in, thestudents pretended to be readingloudly.当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声读书。,Bare infinitive (省略to的不定式),Read the points on Page 8. 省略to的不定式用于： 1
20、) after let, make, have 2) after verbs of perception: feel, hear, see, watch 3) after would rather, had better, why not,当“make/let/have + sb. + do (sth.)“ 变成被动语态时，应加上“to“。 eg. The workers were made to work 14 hours a day by the boss.工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。,Notes,Verbs of perception can also be used with doi
21、ng (sth.) but with different meanings. I saw her talk to her new friends. 我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。 (我目睹了整个谈话过程。),Notes,I saw her talking to her new friends. 我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。 (当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我 可能没看到整个过程。),We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but
22、, than, or rather than. eg. I forgot to turn off the lights and closethe door when I left.我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。,Notes,Observe the sentences you have learned. 1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exci
23、ting experience for me. (Unit 1, Book 1) 2. I regret taking those weight-loss pills. (Unit 3, Book 1),Have A L k,3. Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? (Unit 2, Book 1) 4. Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on pape
24、r. (Unit 2, Book 3) 5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. (Unit 3, Book 4),Observe the sentences from this unit. 1. Swimming is good for your health. 2. I love swimming in the sea during the summer. 3. I keep fit by swimming every
25、day.,Guessing Game,to test your sense of observation to test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points,Guess,Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.,1. _ (go) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 2
26、. I regret _ (take) those weight-loss pills. 3. Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of _ (shout) at me?,Going,taking,shouting,4. Usually, when we talk about _ (read), we think of _ (use) our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. 5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of _ (talk) an
27、d _ (play) with his schoolmates was treated with VR.,reading,using,talking,playing,Sentences from this unit. 1. _ (swim) is good for your health. 2. I love _ (swim) in the sea during the summer. 3. I keep fit by _ (swim) every day.,Swimming,swimming,swimming,Go on _ the other exercise after you have
28、 finished this one.A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doingShe didnt remember _ him before.A. having met B. have metC. to meet D. to having met,I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed - You were brave enough to raiseobjectio
29、ns at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,Verb-ing form as a noun,Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentence eg. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。It is no use arguing with him.与他争辩没用。Her swimming has improved si
30、nce she started training every day. 自从她开始 训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。,Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentence eg. I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。He has finished writing the composition.他已经写好了作文。He loves playing football.他喜欢踢足球。,admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind,suggest, avoid, enjoy, practise, finish
31、, miss, keep, understand,We use a verb-ing form after these verbs:,The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form:,would you mind, look forward to, cant stand, put off, give up, stick to, be worth,cant help, feel like, Its no use / good., keep on, devote to, be busy, get down to,Some verbs
32、can be followed by a verb-ing form or to infinitive, but with some differences in meanings or usage.,regret to do: 抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired.我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。I regret telling him the truth.我后悔告诉他真相。,forget to do: 忘记去做某事 forget doing: 忘记做了某事eg. He forgot to cl
33、ose the door when he left.他离开时忘了关门了。I will never forget winning myfirst gold medal.我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌的情况。,remember to do: 记得要做某事remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事 eg. Remember to post the letter forme on your way to work, OK?在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？I remember seeing this man somewhere.我记得在哪儿见过这个人。,mean to do: 打算做某事 me
34、an doing: 意味着做某事 eg. I mean to come earlier today.我今天打算早点来。Missing this train means waitingfor another hour.错过这列火车意味着又要等一个小时。,try to do: 努力做某事 try doing: 尝试做某事 eg. She tried to finish the work asquickly as she could.她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。I tried doing the exercise in a different way.我尝试用另一种方法解题。,stop to do:
35、 停下来做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事 eg. The workers stopped to have a rest.工人们停下来休息。The workers stopped workingand took a rest.工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。,go on to do: 继续做另一件事 go on doing: 继续做同一件事 eg. After doing the cooking, mother went on to do some washing.饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。The workers went on working aftera short rest
36、.短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活了。,Time for reflection,To infinitive can be used as what? How about verb-ing? 2.Speak out at least five verbs respectively that can be used after to infinitive or verb-ing. 3.Which verbs can be used as bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)?,请点击,Quiz I: Multiple choice.,Its no use _ without taki
37、ng action.(2011上海)A. complain B. complainingC. being complained D. to be complained 2. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. (2011上海)A. losing B. to be losingC. to be lost D. having lost,3. More TV programs, according to government t
38、o officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety.(2011重庆)A. to raise B. raisingC. to have raised D. having raised 4. Its important for the figures _ regularly. (2011北京)A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to update D. to have updated,5. Linda doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her paren
39、ts are old. (2011四川)A. study B. studyingC. studied D. to study 6. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.(2011四川)A. keep B. keptC. keeping D. to keep,7. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南)A. expressing B. expressedC. to express D. to be ex
40、pressed 8. Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(2011天津)A. to carry B. carryingC. to be carried D. being carried,9. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. (2012全国II)A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. t
41、o have watched 10. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (2012安徽) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked,11. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. (2012北京)A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 12. If he take
42、s on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西) A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet,1. 要学好一门外语是不容易的。Its not easy to learn a foreign language well. 2. 我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation. 3. 女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要告诉你们。Ladies and gentlemen,
43、I have something important to tell you.,Quiz II: Translation.,4. 母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。 Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy. 5. 我叫小李给你修收音机。Ill have Xiao Li repair the radio for you. 6. 我那样说并没想着会伤害到你。I didnt mean to hurt you by saying that.,7. 我明天让你用我的电脑。I will let you use my comput
44、er tomorrow. 8. 老板让员工一天工作将近十小时。The boss made the employees work nearly ten hours a day. 9. 那早，大卫很幸运的赶上了第一班公车。David was lucky to catch the first bus that morning. 10. 你介意给我递一下醋吗？Would you mind passing me the vinegar?,Preview,To preview Task about writing a letter to a friend: Skills building 1: writing down the answers Skills building 2: agreeing and disagreeing Skills building 3: checking your work,Homework,To finish the exercise on Page 9. To finish the exercise on Page 11.,Thank you!,
