1、,Chinese Architecture,02120101 丁亚军,Advantages: materials for constructing such structures were easily available and construction methods were relatively simple the wooden frame structures are shock-resistant, because the parts are linked by tenon-and-mortise (榫卯) joints so that they are safer in ear
2、thquakes the wooden framework bears all the weight of the building, which makes the installation of both the outer and inner walls flexible and able to be placed in accordance with practical needs,Disadvantages:, Their durability is not as good as structures of brick or stone. wood grows very slowly
3、 and cannot be cut on a large scale recklessly.,The most significant characteristic of ancient Chinese architecture: the use of timber/wooden framework,The roofs,An important part of Chinese architecture. Not only protect residences from the elements, they also had a deeper meaning.,The curve of eac
4、h roof can be no more than a sweep and the most intricate designs on the roof are almost always pointing south-east. However, there are some down sides to having all of these decorations of the roof. The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex.,Ancient time,Temple roofs were
5、 curved. The temples roof is also made of glazed ceramic tiles and has an overhanging cave distinguished by a graceful upward slope.,The ridges of each roof carries figurines and/or mythical creatures.,Architectural Features of palaces: -The ancient palaces were strictly laid out on central axis. -
6、Yellow roof tiles were used. -The wooden columns of the buildings, as well as the surface of the walls, tend to be red in color. -The Chinese dragon was heavily used on Imperial architecture.,Palace (Gong) Pavilion (Ting)Storeyed Pavilion (Ge)Terrace (Tai) Storeyed Building (Lou)Pagoda (Ta),Types of
7、 Chinese Architectures,Palace,The Chinese word for “palace“ is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and stu
8、dies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).,Pavilion,A common sight in the country, the Chinese pavilion (ting, which means also a kiosk) is built normally either of wood or st
9、one or bamboo with any of several shapes - square, triangle, hexagon, octagon, a five-petal flower, a fan and more. But all pavilions have columns for support without walls. In parks or some scenic places, pavilions are built on slopes to command the panorama or are built by the lakeside to create i
10、ntriguing images by water.,terraces,As an ancient architectural structure of Chinese, the tai was a very much elevated terrace with a flat top, generally built of earth and stone and surfaced with brick.,Functions of terraces :, as an observatory (观象台） as beacon towers(烽火台) along the Great Wall in h
11、onor of the sincere friendship,Storeyed Building,A lou can refer to any building of two or more storeys with a horizontal main ridge., for military use as private homes as belvederes（望景楼） as bell and drum towers,Functions of multi-story buildings :,storyed pavilions,The Chinese Ge is similar to the
12、Lou in that both are of two or more storey buildings. The difference between them is that the Ge has a door and windows only on the front side with the other three sides being solid walls. Moreover, Ge is usually enclosed by wooden balustrades or decorated with boards all around.,Functions of storye
13、d pavilions :, used in ancient times for the storage of important articles and documents a place where educated men used to gather to write articles and hold banquets used for enjoying the sights,Pagoda (Ta),Buddhism came to China during the Eastern or Later Han period. The oldest monastery (siyuan)
14、 on Chinese ground is the White Horse Monastery (Baimasi) in Luoyang. A pagoda can also be seen as a symbol for a monastery. By the way, the word “pagoda“ derives from the Sanskrit word bhagavat (cf. the book Bhagavatgita) “holy“.,A Chinese Taoist temple, generally called gong（宫） or guan（观） in Chine
15、se, is the holy hall where Taoists perform their religious ceremonies.,Taoist Temple Constructions,Religious Structures（宗教建筑）,Buddhist Temple Constructions,Buddhist Temple Constructions in China include Buddhist temples, monasteries, pagodas, Buddhist halls and grottoes, which are called si （佛寺）, ta
16、 （佛塔）, dian (佛殿）and shiku （石窟） in Chinese respectively.,A mosque （清真寺） is a place of worship for followers of Islam.,Islamic Mosques,Tombs and Mausoleums（陵墓建筑）,People of all social classes had their tombs carefully built. Over the centuries, the craft of tomb construction gradually merged with arts
17、like painting, calligraphy and sculpture. It eventually became its own art form.,Courtyard House（院落式民居）,A courtyard house is a type of house where several buildings are disposed around a central courtyard.,SiheyuanA siheyuan is a style of Chinese courtyard house. It is a historical type of residence
18、 that was commonly found throughout China, most famously in Beijing. The name literally means a courtyard surrounded by four buildings. In English, siheyuan are sometimes referred to as Chinese quadrangles.,Do you know why these houses usually face south?,-These houses usually face south in order to
19、 get more sunlight during winter.-People believe that facing south will bring good feng shui.,Stilt House （干栏式民居）,Cave Dwelling（窑洞式民居）,Earthen Building (土楼),Interior of a typical round earthen building: The first floor is always the kitchen. The second floor becomes a storage room for food and furni
20、ture. The third floor and above are bedrooms.,Yurt （蒙古包）,Flat-roof House （碉房）,These houses are found mainly in Tibet, Xinjiang and Yunnan. They are usually three to four storeys tall, each occupied by one single household. The external walls are made of stone and are flat and square. The roofs are f
21、lat. The houses blend in with the contours of the mountain. In a typical four- storey house, the lowest storey is for keeping livestock; the second storey is where people cook and store food and hay, the third storey consists of a living room, bedroom and mini storeroom, and the top storey serves as a drying deck and worship hall which is beautifully decorated.,The End Thanks,
